Department of Mathematics ‘23

TRANSFORMATIONS of FUNCTIONS
10IB Mathematics, 2023 – 2024

To prepare this handout, TED Math Book, Haese IB Math Book, www.christosnikolaidis.com lecture notes has been used.
 Section1
TRANSFORMATIONS of FUNCTIONS

1. Translations

2. Reflections

3. Stretching and Shrinking

4. Misc. Transformations (Combinations)

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0. Introduction

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1. Translations

Let’s sketch the graphs of given functions below. Investigate the values for each equation.

𝑦 = 𝑥! 𝑦 = 𝑥! + 1 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)!

x y (x,y) x y (x,y) x y (x,y)

0 0 0
1 1 1
-1 -1 1
2 2 4
-2 -2 4

Now let’s write these equations as functions:

𝑦 = 𝑥! 𝑦 = 𝑥! + 1 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)!
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥! …………… ……………
……………
1. Translations

We can do these translations at the same time:

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! … … = (𝑥 − 1)! +2

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥!
a. Write down:

𝑖. 𝑓 𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑖. 𝑓 𝑥 − 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑓 𝑥 + 6

Graph y = f(x) and the other three functions on the

same set of axes.
Record your observations.

b. Write down:
𝑖. 𝑓 𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑖. 𝑓 𝑥 + 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑓 𝑥 − 6

Graph y = f (x) and the other three functions on the

same set of axes. Record your
observations.

Essential Questions: (Pair Activity – 2 min.)

1. How did the graph change vertically?
2. How did the graph change horizontally?
3. Has the shape of the graph changed? Expanded? Shrunk?
1. Translations
1. Translations

Sketch the following functions:

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 +3 f 𝑥 = 𝑥 −4 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥+3 f 𝑥 = 𝑥−4

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2. Reflections

For given function below, find:

𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 ! − 6𝑥 " + 3
a. the function h(x) that is the reflection
of g(x) in the x-axis.
b. the function p(x) that is the reflection
of g(x) in the y-axis.

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3. Stretching and Shrinking

A stretch can
also be called
a dilation

Sketch the following functions:

𝑓 𝑥 =2𝑥 f 𝑥 = 0.5 𝑥

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3. Stretching and Shrinking

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Basic Transformations – A Brief Summary

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Some Examples

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Some Examples

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Some Examples

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Extra: Combination of Transformations

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Some IB Questions

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Some IB Questions

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Some IB Questions

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Notes

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Notes

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Notes

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Department of Mathematics ‘23