University Of Information Technoilogy & science

Assignment No: 01
Course Tittle : History of Emergence Of Bangladesh
Course Code : 119
Submitted to : Ms.Zakia Sultana (ZS)

Submitted By:
Name : Sawda Akter
ID No : 0432220005101125
Batch : 52
Sec: C
Semester : 3rd(Autumn)
Department : CSE
Date of submission : 19.11.2023
 Bangladesh National Museum

History:
Bangladesh National Museum was originally established on 20 March
1913, albeit under another name (Dacca Museum), and formally
inaugurated on 7 August 1913 by The Lord Carmichael, the governor of
Bengal. In July 1915 it was handed over to the Naib Nazim of
Dhaka. Bangladesh National Museum was formed through the
incorporation of Dhaka museum and it was made the national museum of
Bangladesh on 17 November 1983. It is located at Shahbag, Dhaka. It has
several publications from 1978, first was "Islamic Art in Bangladesh,
Catalogue".
Visitors:
On an average more than 2000 visitors come to visit the Bangladesh
National Museum every day. Foreigners are also among them. Visitor fee is
Tk 40 for adults and Tk 20 for minors. 500 for foreigners and 300 for
visitors from SAARC countries.[7] However, tickets are not required for
children below 03 years of age and physically challenged persons.
Structure:
The categories of artifacts of the National Museum are:

• History and Classical Art

 • Ethnology and Decorative Arts
• Contemporary Art and World Civilization
• Department of Natural History
• Conservation Laboratory
There is also a public education department.
Management structure:
Bangladesh National Museum is an autonomous institution established by
law and controlled by a board of trustees. However, a director general
appointed by the government holds the overall responsibility as the chief
executive of the museum. There are currently 330 officers and employees
working in the Bangladesh National Museum.
Ground floor:
The ground floor consists of some old guns at the entrance and the hall
where the people book their tickets or assemble to hear the history of the
museum. The hall leads to a grand staircase. Beside the hall, there is a
smaller room which also acts like the hall (it is also used by the guides to
tell the visitors about the history) and a simple staircase.
First floor:
The first floor is divided into 22 rooms.
Map Of Bangladesh:

Petrified wood, sandstone, soil map, alluvium, dupitila formation, tipam sandstone, bokabil
formation, bhuban formation, barail group, Sylhet limestone, tura sandstone, gondwana group,
archaean group, fossil, calcite, quartz, white clay, hard rock, biotite, quartzite boulder, coal, peat
coal, hematite, glass sand, magnetite, mineral sand, zircon, rutile, garnet, ilmenite, maize, wheat,
rice, coffee, tea, jute, silk, cotton, rubber making, catechu, haritaki, onion, babla, lemon grass,
sheuli, manjit, marigold, latkan, dahlia, ebony, sil koroi, kasme, indego, banboo, pieces, goppata,
nalkhagra, gewa, ginger, garlic, Turmeric, nutmeg mece red pepper, cardamom, cinnamon,
methi, ground nut, til, mustard, soyabean, sun flower, coconut, niger seed, linsed, saf flower,
radhuni, black pepper, coriander, black cumin, bean, mung, mash kalai, banana, betel nut plum,
watermelon, wood apple, guava, papaya, mango, carambola, custard apple, pineapple, skin of
rock python, arabic cowfie, smooth horse conch, ivory whelk, screw shell, honeybee, brown
turban, false virgin cone, ark shell, fertile venus, frog shell, bengal monitor, yellow monitor,
white wagtail, common coot, little ggrebe, black kite, common kestrel, perakeft, hill myna, dove,
spotted dove, indian roller, common kingfisher, rhesus monkey, bengal sloe loris, Bear paw
clam, giant helmet, chainess of mollusk she'll,branched murx, rare spined murex. Nest of House
crow, nest of House sparrow , nest of naya weaver , common peafowl, piped hornbill, orange-
headed thrush, rufous treepie, emerald dove,scarlet monivet, barn owl, blue-throated barbet
Carpped langur, Shelton of humpback whale, gangetic dolphin,

Folk objects of Bangladesh Cover,shapush/lid, chalun, flower saskate,

Redpepper, cardamom, cinnamon, methi, ground nut, til, mustard, soyabean, sun flower, coconut,
niger seed, linsed, saf flower, radhuni, black pepper, coriander, black cumin, bean, mung, mash
kalai, banana, betel nut plum, watermelon, wood apple, guava, papaya, mango , banana, jackpot,
snakes, 1taka

Rural Of Bangladesh
The rural lifestyle in Bangladesh is characterized by simplicity, traditional values, and a strong connection
to agriculture and nature. Here are some aspects that define the rural lifestyle in Bangladesh:

1. Agricultural Dependency: Agriculture is the backbone of the rural economy in

Bangladesh. A significant portion of the population in rural areas relies on farming for their
livelihood. Rice cultivation is a central activity, and farmers often follow traditional
farming methods.

2. Traditional Housing: Rural houses in Bangladesh are typically made of locally available
materials such as bamboo, thatch, mud, or tin. These houses are often raised on stilts to
protect against flooding during the monsoon season.

3. Family Structure: The rural family structure is often extended, with multiple generations
living together in the same household. Family bonds are strong, and elders are respected.
Joint family systems are common in rural areas.

4. Clothing: Traditional clothing is prevalent in rural areas, with many people wearing
garments like saris for women and lungis or panjabis for men. Traditional attire is often
worn during cultural events and celebrations.

5. Daily Routine: Daily life in rural Bangladesh is closely tied to the agricultural calendar.
Farmers follow a routine based on planting and harvesting seasons. Daily activities include
tending to crops, caring for livestock, and household chores.

6. Transportation: In many rural areas, non-motorized forms of transportation such as

bicycles, rickshaws, and boats are common. The lack of well-developed road infrastructure
can make transportation challenging, especially during the monsoon season.

7. Social Gatherings: Community ties are strong in rural Bangladesh, and social gatherings
are important. Villagers often come together for festivals, religious events, and community
work, fostering a sense of belonging and mutual support.

8. Traditional Crafts: Many rural communities in Bangladesh are engaged in traditional

crafts such as weaving, pottery, and woodworking. These skills are often passed down
through generations and contribute to the local economy.
 9. Religious Practices: Religion plays a significant role in rural life, with mosques being
central to many villages. Daily prayers and religious festivals are important aspects of the
rural lifestyle.

10. Challenges: Rural areas in Bangladesh face various challenges, including limited access
to education and healthcare, poverty, and vulnerability to natural disasters such as floods
and cyclones. However, communities often demonstrate resilience and resourcefulness in
coping with these challenges.

Despite the challenges, the rural lifestyle in Bangladesh is rich in cultural heritage, community
spirit, and a close connection to the land. Efforts are ongoing to address issues and improve the
overall well-being of rural communities in the country.

Shundarbans

It seems there might be a slight confusion in the term used. The Sundarbans is
home to the Bengal tiger, not the "royal bangle tiger." The Bengal tiger
(Panthera tigris tigris) is the national animal of Bangladesh and India. It is the
most numerous tiger subspecies.
The Sundarbans mangrove forest, located in the southwestern part of
Bangladesh and the southeastern part of India, is renowned for being the largest
mangrove forest in the world and is home to a significant population of Bengal
tigers. The unique environment of the Sundarbans, with its network of tidal
waterways and thick mangrove vegetation, provides an ideal habitat for these
tigers.
The Bengal tiger is an endangered species, and the Sundarbans tigers are
known for their adaptation to the mangrove environment. They are strong
swimmers and are known to traverse the water channels in search of prey,
which includes deer, wild boar, and other animals found in the region.
Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect the Bengal tiger population in the
Sundarbans and ensure the long-term survival of this magnificent species in its
natural habitat.

Rocks & Mineral

1. Sedimentary Rocks: The majority of Bangladesh's geological formations

are sedimentary rocks. These include sandstones, shales, and siltstones,
which have been deposited over millions of years by the rivers flowing
through the region.
2. Minerals: Bangladesh does have some mineral deposits, although they are
not extensively exploited. Common minerals include limestone, which is
 used in the cement industry, and natural gas, which is a significant natural
resource for the country.
3. Natural Gas: Bangladesh has substantial natural gas reserves, primarily
located in the Sylhet region. The discovery of natural gas has played a
crucial role in the country's energy sector and economic development.
4. Coal: Limited coal reserves are found in the northwestern part of
Bangladesh. The Barapukuria coal mine is one of the key coal extraction
sites, contributing to the country's energy needs.
5. Building Materials: Bangladesh has resources like clay and sand, which
are utilized for brick-making and construction purposes. These materials
play a vital role in the development of infrastructure.
6. Challenges: Despite having some mineral resources, Bangladesh faces
challenges in sustainable extraction and utilization. Environmental
concerns, regulatory issues, and the need for technological
advancements are factors that impact the development of the mineral
sector.
It's important to note that while Bangladesh may not be rich in minerals
compared to some other countries, its geographical features and natural
resources, including the Sundarbans mangrove forest, play a significant role in
the country's ecology, biodiversity, and economy. The government continues to
explore and manage its mineral resources responsibly to balance economic
development with environmental conservation.

Plants Of Bangladesh
As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, I don't have specific details
about every exhibit in the National Museum of Bangladesh, including specific
displays related to plants. Museums often update their exhibits, and new
displays may be added over time. However, the National Museum of Bangladesh
is likely to have exhibits related to the rich flora of Bangladesh.
Here are some general categories of plants that might be showcased in a
museum exhibit related to the flora of Bangladesh:
1. Floral Diversity: Displays showcasing a variety of plant species found in
different regions of Bangladesh, including flowering plants, trees, and
shrubs.
2. Medicinal Plants: Information on plants with medicinal properties, which
have been traditionally used in Bangladeshi folk medicine.
3. Economic Plants: Exhibits highlighting plants that are economically
important, such as those used for agriculture, food, textiles, and other
industries.
4. Endangered Species: Awareness about endangered plant species in
Bangladesh and efforts to conserve them.
5. Horticulture: Displays on ornamental plants, landscaping, and gardening
techniques.
6. Botanical Illustrations: Artistic representations or illustrations of various
plant species.
If you are specifically interested in the current exhibits related to plants in the
National Museum of Bangladesh, I recommend checking the museum's official
website or contacting the museum directly for the most up-to-date information.
Museums often organize special exhibitions or events, so you may find detailed
information about their plant-related displays through official channels.

Flowers,Fruits & Creepers

 1. National Fruit: Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
• The jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh. It is the largest fruit
that grows on a tree and is known for its distinctive, sweet smell and
unique taste. Jackfruit is a staple in Bangladeshi cuisine and is used
in various dishes.
2. National Flower: Water Lily (Nymphaea nouchali)
• The water lily, locally known as "Shapla," is the national flower of
Bangladesh. It symbolizes the purity and simplicity that is
representative of the Bangladeshi culture.
3. Notable Fruits:
• Mango (Mangifera indica): Mangoes are widely cultivated in
Bangladesh and are a popular fruit during the summer season.
• Banana (Musa): Bananas are grown in abundance and are a
common snack or dessert item.
• Guava (Psidium guajava): Guavas are another tropical fruit that is
widely cultivated in Bangladesh.
4. Notable Flowers:
• Rose (Rosa): Roses are commonly grown for ornamental purposes
and are used in various cultural and religious events.
• Marigold (Tagetes): Marigolds are often used for decorations during
festivals and celebrations.
5. Notable Creepers:
• Betel Leaf (Piper betle): While not exactly a creeper, the betel leaf
plant is a climber and is culturally significant in Bangladesh. Betel
leaves are often chewed with areca nut and other ingredients as a
traditional stimulant.
It's important to note that the information provided is based on my last update in
January 2022, and there might have been changes or updates since then.
Additionally, the term "national" may vary in context, and these selections are
often based on cultural, traditional, or symbolic significance rather than strict
botanical criteria.
 Animals

Bangladesh has an abundance of wildlife, including more than 100 species of

mammals, although the population of some species has diminished significantly since
the early 20th century. Elephants, living in herds of fewer than a dozen to nearly
100, are found in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and in the northeastern Sylhet region.
Domesticated water buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) are used for plowing and pulling
carts. Of the different kinds of deer, the small muntjac (genus Muntiacus; also called
barking deer) and the large sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), with its maned neck, are
well known. The samba lives in the eastern jungles of the country. The medium-sized
spotted deer (C. axis) was once common in many parts of the country but by the
early 21st century had become limited to the Sundarbans region. The barasingha (C.
duvauceli) also once inhabited the Sundarbans but became extinct in Bangladesh
in the 20th century. Similarly, the hog deer (Axis procinus) has disappeared from the
country.Of the carnivores, the royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is the best
known. The common leopard (P.

pardus) is native to the region, as is its smaller relative, the rare clouded leopard
(Neofelis nebulosa),with its dark gray oblong-spotted fur. The ferocious leopard cat (Felis
bengalensis) is about the size of the domestic cat but with longer legs. There were some other
animals in the museum these were:

∙ Butterfly. • Rare Spined Murex. • Branched Murx. • Marine Molluscs. ∙ Screw Shell. • Lvory
Whelk. • Tiger Cowrie. • Plump Cowrie. ∙ Arabic Cowrie. • Smooth Horse Conch. • Sea corals
and Shells. • Bear Paw Calm. ∙ Bailer Shell. • Giant Helmet. • False Virgin Cone. • Granular Ark
Shell.
∙ Brown Turban. • Fertile Venus. • Spiral Melogena. • Grace Fig Shell. ∙ Frog Shell. • Mouth Top
Shell. • Lister’s Conch. • Sawfish. ∙ Honeybee • Indian Roofed Turtle. • Softfin Swamp Barb. •
Guntea Loach.

Birds

The national bird of Bangladesh is the Oriental Magpie-Robin (Copsychus saularis),

locally known as the "Doyel" or "Doel." The Oriental Magpie-Robin is known for its
melodious song and distinctive black and white plumage.
If you are specifically interested in the current exhibits related to national birds in the
National Museum of Bangladesh, I recommend checking the museum's official website
or contacting the museum directly. They may have information about displays related to
the Oriental Magpie-Robin or other bird species significant to the country

Natural history museums typically include exhibits on local fauna, and you might find
displays related to birds in Bangladesh. These exhibits could feature taxidermy
specimens, skeletal displays, or informational panels about the avian biodiversity of the
region.
If you are specifically interested in the current exhibits related to birds in the National
Museum of Bangladesh, I recommend checking the museum's official website or
contacting the museum directly. Museums often provide details about their exhibits,
and staff members can offer specific information about bird-related displays, including
any recent additions or changes.
 Mammals Of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is home to a diverse range of mammal species. Here are some of the
notable mammals found in Bangladesh:
1. Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris): The Bengal tiger is the national animal of
Bangladesh and is found in the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the
world.
2. Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus): Elephants are found in the forested areas of
Bangladesh, and they are an important cultural and ecological symbol.
3. Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock spp.): The hoolock gibbons are the only apes found in
Bangladesh and are native to the northeastern part of the country.
4. Spotted Deer (Axis axis): Also known as chital or cheetal, spotted deer are
commonly found in various forested regions of Bangladesh.
5. Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta): These monkeys are distributed in different
parts of the country, including forests and urban areas.
6. Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus): While not a mammal, the saltwater
crocodile is a notable reptile found in the Sundarbans mangrove forest.
7. Leopard (Panthera pardus): Leopards are present in the Chittagong Hill Tracts
and other forested areas of Bangladesh.
8. Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus): This medium-sized wild cat is found in the
Sundarbans and other wetland areas.
 9. Gaur (Bos gaurus): Also known as the Indian bison, gaurs are the largest species
of wild cattle and are found in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
10. Dolphins: Both the Ganges River Dolphin and Irrawaddy Dolphin can be found in
the rivers of Bangladesh.
These are just a few examples, and Bangladesh hosts a variety of other mammal
species, including various bat species, wild boars, pangolins, and different species of
deer, among others. The country's diverse ecosystems, including the Sundarbans and
various hill tracts, contribute to the rich biodiversity of mammals in Bangladesh.

Elephant

1. Cultural and Religious Significance: Elephants hold cultural and religious

significance in Bangladesh. In Hinduism, the elephant is associated with
Lord Ganesha, the remover of obstacles, and is revered in various
religious ceremonies and festivals.
2. Historical Use in Warfare: In ancient times, elephants were used in
warfare in the Indian subcontinent, and Bangladesh was no exception.
Powerful rulers and armies utilized war elephants in battles. The presence
of war elephants is evident in historical accounts and ancient texts.
3. Domestication and Logging: Elephants have been domesticated in
Bangladesh for various purposes, including logging. These highly
 intelligent and strong animals were traditionally used in the timber
industry, helping with transportation and heavy lifting.
4. Conservation Efforts: With the decline in forest cover and changes in land
use, the natural habitats of elephants in Bangladesh have diminished. As a
result, there have been conservation efforts to protect and preserve the
remaining populations. Elephants are found in forested areas, particularly
in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the northeastern regions.
5. Human-Elephant Conflict: As human populations expand and encroach
upon elephant habitats, conflicts between humans and elephants have
increased. Elephants may raid crops, leading to challenges for both
conservationists and local communities. Efforts are being made to find
sustainable solutions to mitigate these conflicts.
6. Tourism in the Sundarbans: Elephants are also associated with tourism,
particularly in the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest. While
tigers are the main attraction, elephants are occasionally used for tourism
activities like guided tours.
7. Conservation Challenges: Conservationists in Bangladesh face
challenges in protecting elephant populations due to habitat loss,
poaching, and human-elephant conflicts. Efforts are underway to address
these challenges through habitat preservation, community engagement,
and awareness programs.
The history of elephants in Bangladesh reflects their multifaceted role in the
cultural, historical, and ecological context of the region. Conservation efforts
continue to be crucial for ensuring the survival of elephant populations in the
country.
 Life Of Folk Objects

Folk objects, also known as folk art or traditional crafts, play a significant role in
reflecting the cultural heritage and identity of communities. These objects are
often handmade, passed down through generations, and are infused with the
history, beliefs, and values of a particular folk group. The life of folk objects can
be explored in several dimensions:
1. Cultural Significance:
• Expressing Identity: Folk objects are expressions of the identity of a
community. They often incorporate symbols, colors, and patterns
that are specific to the cultural heritage of a particular group.
• Symbolism: Many folk objects carry symbolic meanings related to
religious beliefs, mythology, or important events in the community's
history.
2. Traditional Craftsmanship:
• Handmade Techniques: Folk objects are typically crafted using
traditional, handmade techniques. These skills are passed down
from generation to generation, contributing to the preservation of
cultural practices and craftsmanship.
• Materials: The choice of materials for folk objects is often rooted in
the local environment and availability of resources. This connection
to nature adds another layer of significance to these objects.
3. Everyday Use and Rituals:
 • Functional Purpose: Some folk objects have practical uses in daily
life, such as tools, utensils, or clothing. These items often reflect the
utilitarian needs of a community.
• Ritual Objects: Many folk objects are used in religious or ceremonial
rituals. These may include masks, sculptures, or textiles used in
specific rites and celebrations.
4. Preservation Challenges:
• Changing Lifestyles: In the face of modernization and changing
lifestyles, the traditional production of folk objects can face
challenges. The demand for mass-produced goods and changing
consumer preferences may impact the continuation of certain
crafts.
• Economic Pressures: Economic factors can also affect the
production of folk objects. As traditional livelihoods face economic
challenges, the continuity of certain crafts may be at risk.
5. Commercialization and Tourism:
• Market Access: Some folk objects have found a market beyond their
local communities. The commercialization of these crafts can
provide economic opportunities for artisans but may also raise
concerns about cultural appropriation and authenticity.
• Tourism Impact: Folk objects can attract tourists interested in
experiencing and purchasing authentic cultural artifacts. While
tourism can provide economic benefits, it also raises questions
about the ethical and sustainable promotion of folk art.
6. Revitalization Efforts:
• Community Initiatives: Many communities and organizations are
actively engaged in revitalizing traditional crafts. This may involve
supporting artisans, providing training, and creating markets for
these products.
• Cultural Heritage Preservation: Governments and NGOs may
implement programs to safeguard and promote folk art as part of
the country's cultural heritage.
Understanding the life of folk objects involves recognizing their cultural, social,
and economic dimensions. Preserving and celebrating these objects contribute
to the richness of cultural diversity and help ensure that traditional
craftsmanship continues to thrive.
 Boats Of Bangladesh

Boats play a crucial role in the transportation and daily life of people in
Bangladesh, a country with an extensive network of rivers, lakes, and
waterways. Traditional boats have been an integral part of Bangladeshi culture
for centuries, providing a means of livelihood, transportation, and cultural
significance. Here are some notable types of boats in Bangladesh:
1. Rowboats (Nouka): Traditional rowboats are commonly used for short-
distance travel on rivers, lakes, and ponds. These boats are manually
propelled using oars or paddles. They come in various sizes and are
widely used for fishing and local transportation.
2. Country Boats (Dingi/Nouko): These are small wooden boats commonly
used for fishing and transportation in rural areas. Country boats are
versatile and can navigate narrow waterways, making them essential for
communities living along riverbanks.
3. Paddle Boats (Shap Chhari): Paddle boats are equipped with a single or
multiple paddles, usually operated by foot. They are commonly used for
short trips, recreation, and in tourist areas.
4. Motorized Boats: With advancements in technology, motorized boats have
become increasingly popular. They are powered by engines, making them
faster and more efficient for transportation and commercial purposes.
 5. Ferry Boats (Launch): In Bangladesh, especially in riverine areas, ferries
are vital for transporting people, vehicles, and goods across large rivers.
These ferries, often referred to as launches, can vary in size and capacity.
6. Sampan: A sampan is a flat-bottomed wooden boat commonly found in
coastal and riverine areas. It is often used for fishing and transporting
goods.
7. Fishing Boats: Various types of fishing boats are used in Bangladesh,
including trawlers, dinghies, and larger vessels equipped for deep-sea
fishing. Fishing is a significant industry in the country, and boats play a
crucial role in this sector.
8. Traditional Wooden Boats (Shuti): These boats are often seen in rural
areas, crafted from wood and painted in vibrant colors. They are used for
various purposes, including transportation and fishing.
9. Tourist Boats: In areas with tourist attractions, such as the Sundarbans
mangrove forest, boats are used for guided tours, allowing visitors to
explore the natural beauty and wildlife.
10. Fishing Dinghies (Hasuli): These small, maneuverable boats are
commonly used for traditional fishing activities in rivers and shallow
waters.
Boats in Bangladesh are not just modes of transportation; they are an integral
part of the cultural and economic fabric of the country. They enable people to
navigate the extensive waterways, contribute to livelihoods, and serve as
symbols of the nation's rich maritime heritage.

Architecture
Bangladesh boasts a rich architectural heritage that reflects its diverse cultural,
historical, and geographical influences. From ancient archaeological sites to
modern structures, the architecture in Bangladesh showcases a blend of
indigenous styles and external influences. Here are some key aspects of
architecture in Bangladesh:
1. Ancient Architecture:
• Buddhist Vihara and Stupas: Historical sites like Mahasthangarh
and Somapura Mahavihara (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) feature
remnants of ancient Buddhist monasteries and stupas, reflecting
the region's early connection to Buddhism.
2. Islamic Architecture:
 • Mosques: Bangladesh is home to numerous mosques with unique
architectural styles. The Sixty Dome Mosque (Shat Gombuj Masjid)
in Bagerhat, another UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a prime
example of medieval Islamic architecture.
• Khan Jahan Ali's Mausoleum: Located in Bagerhat, this mausoleum
is a fine example of medieval Muslim architecture in Bangladesh.
3. Mughal Influence:
• Ahsan Manzil: Located in Dhaka, Ahsan Manzil is a magnificent
palace built during the late 19th century with a mix of Mughal and
European architectural styles.
4. Colonial Architecture:
• Old Dhaka: The capital city, especially the areas of Old Dhaka,
features colonial-era structures influenced by British, Portuguese,
and Dutch architectural styles. Lalbagh Fort, built in the 17th
century, is another example of Mughal and European architectural
fusion.
5. Modern Architecture:
• National Parliament House: Designed by architect Louis Kahn, the
National Parliament House in Dhaka is an iconic modern
architectural masterpiece. Its unique design reflects both
traditional and modern elements.
• Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban: This is the legislative assembly building of
Bangladesh, located in the capital city, Dhaka. It is known for its
distinctive architecture and stands as a symbol of the country's
independence.
6. Residential Architecture:
• Traditional Houses: In rural areas, traditional houses often feature
thatched roofs and bamboo or mud walls, reflecting the use of local
materials and traditional building techniques.
• Modern Residential Buildings: In urban centers, there is a mix of
modern apartment buildings and houses, reflecting contemporary
architectural trends.
7. Religious Architecture:
• Dhakeshwari Temple: A historic Hindu temple in Dhaka, the
Dhakeshwari Temple is an example of traditional Bengali temple
architecture.
 • Star Mosque (Tara Masjid): Located in Old Dhaka, the Star Mosque
is known for its intricate designs and motifs.
8. Educational Institutions:
• University of Dhaka: The university's campus features a
combination of colonial and modern architectural styles, with some
buildings dating back to the British colonial period.
9. Riverine Architecture:
• Traditional Boathouses: In areas with water bodies, especially the
Sundarbans region, traditional boat-shaped houses are common,
reflecting the connection between architecture and the natural
environment.
The architecture of Bangladesh reflects its rich history, cultural diversity, and
the dynamic interplay between tradition and modernity. It stands as a testament
to the country's vibrant past and its continuous evolution.

potteries
Pottery is a traditional craft in Bangladesh, and various regions across the
country have a long history of producing pottery for both functional and artistic
purposes. Here are a few notable areas and types of pottery in Bangladesh:
1. Kumhar Para, Dhaka:
• Overview: Kumhar Para, meaning the Potter's Quarter, is a historic
area in Dhaka that has been a center for pottery for many years.
• Activities: The area is known for numerous pottery workshops
where artisans create traditional pottery items like cooking pots,
storage jars, and decorative pieces.
• Cultural Heritage: Kumhar Para is an important part of Dhaka's
cultural heritage, representing traditional craftsmanship passed
down through generations.
2. Dhamrai, Dhaka:
• Metal and Pottery Crafts: Dhamrai, near Dhaka, is known for both
metal and pottery crafts. Traditional artisans in the area create
pottery using age-old techniques.
• Terracotta Sculptures: Dhamrai is also known for the production of
terracotta sculptures, often depicting religious and mythological
themes.
 3. Rajshahi:
• Pottery Villages: The Rajshahi region is home to several pottery
villages where traditional potters continue to practice their craft.
• Functional Pottery: Artisans in Rajshahi produce a range of
functional pottery items, including vessels for cooking and storage.
4. Khulna - Rupsha, Batiaghata:
• Traditional Pottery: In the Khulna division, particularly in areas like
Rupsha and Batiaghata, traditional pottery remains an integral part
of the local culture.
• Mangrove Clay: The availability of clay from the Sundarbans
mangrove forest contributes to the unique characteristics of the
pottery in this region.
5. Chittagong Hill Tracts:
• Indigenous Pottery: Indigenous communities in the Chittagong Hill
Tracts, including the Marma and Tripura tribes, have their own
unique pottery traditions.
• Cultural Diversity: The pottery of these regions reflects the cultural
diversity of the hill tracts and is often influenced by the natural
environment and traditional beliefs.
6. Comilla:
• Handmade Pottery: Comilla, in eastern Bangladesh, is known for its
handmade pottery crafted by skilled artisans.
• Ceramic Artisans: The region has a community of ceramic artisans
who produce both functional and decorative pottery items.
7. Bagerhat - Historic Mosque City:
• Historical Pottery: Bagerhat, known for its historic mosques, also
has a history of traditional pottery. The area has artisans engaged
in crafting pottery using traditional methods.
These areas represent just a few examples of the rich tradition of pottery in
Bangladesh. The craft continues to be an integral part of the country's cultural
heritage, with artisans preserving and passing down their skills from generation
to generation.

Sculpture
Bangladesh has a rich tradition of sculpture that reflects its cultural diversity
and historical influences. Sculpture in Bangladesh encompasses various forms,
from ancient terracotta art to contemporary installations. Here are some notable
aspects of sculpture in Bangladesh:
1. Ancient Terracotta Sculptures:
• Historical Context: Bangladesh has a significant collection of
ancient terracotta sculptures, especially from archaeological sites
like Mahasthangarh and Paharpur. These sculptures date back to
ancient periods, showcasing the artistic skills of early civilizations.
• Themes: The terracotta sculptures often depict religious and
mythological themes, including images of gods, goddesses, and
scenes from daily life.
2. Buddhist Sculpture:
• Somapura Mahavihara: Located in Paharpur, Somapura Mahavihara
is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its ancient Buddhist
sculptures. The site features intricate carvings and statues that are
indicative of the region's Buddhist heritage.
3. Islamic Art and Architecture:
• Mosque Architecture: Islamic art and architecture in Bangladesh
often include decorative elements such as intricate calligraphy,
geometric patterns, and ornate designs on mosques and other
religious structures.
• Tomb Sculptures: Mausoleums and tombs, such as the ones in
Bagerhat and Dhaka, often feature sculptural elements that blend
Islamic and local architectural styles.
4. Terracotta Sculptures of Dhamrai:
• Terracotta Craftsmanship: Dhamrai, near Dhaka, is known for its
terracotta craftsmen who create sculptures depicting various
themes, including folklore, mythology, and daily life.
• Ceramic Arts: Artisans in Dhamrai produce not only terracotta
sculptures but also ceramic arts, contributing to the region's
artistic heritage.
5. Modern and Contemporary Sculpture:
• National Sculpture: Bangladesh has a growing community of
contemporary sculptors who create modern sculptures. The
National Sculpture at Savar, near Dhaka, is a significant example. It
 commemorates the martyrs of the Bangladesh Liberation War and
features a large sculpture symbolizing the struggle for
independence.
6. Sculptures in Public Spaces:
• Monuments and Memorials: Various monuments and memorials
across the country feature sculptures that commemorate historical
events, leaders, and cultural icons.
• Public Art Installations: Modern cities in Bangladesh, particularly
Dhaka, are witnessing an increase in public art installations and
sculptures in parks, roundabouts, and other public spaces.
7. Terracotta Art of the Chittagong Hill Tracts:
• Indigenous Influence: The Chittagong Hill Tracts, home to
indigenous communities, feature terracotta art influenced by the
cultural practices and beliefs of these communities.
8. Art Schools and Institutions:
• Fine Arts Institutes: Fine arts institutions in Bangladesh, such as the
Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Dhaka, contribute to the
training and development of sculptors. These institutions play a role
in shaping the contemporary sculptural landscape.
Sculpture in Bangladesh is diverse, ranging from ancient terracotta art that
reflects the country's historical roots to modern and contemporary works that
explore new forms and expressions. The sculptures contribute to the cultural
identity and artistic vibrancy of the nation.

Inscription

It seems like your inquiry is quite broad, and "inscription" can refer to various
things depending on the context. Here are a few possibilities:
1. Inscription on Objects or Monuments:
• In the context of archaeology and history, an inscription often refers
to writing, carvings, or engravings on objects or monuments. These
inscriptions may include texts, symbols, or images and can provide
valuable information about the culture, language, or historical
events.
2. Inscription in Literature:
 • In literature, an inscription can be a short dedication, note, or
message written in a book or on a work of art. It is often a
personalized message from the author or someone presenting the
item to another person.
3. Inscription in Linguistics:
• In linguistics, an inscription can refer to the representation of
language, whether in written form (script) or engraved symbols.
Studying inscriptions helps researchers understand ancient
languages and communication systems.
4. Inscription in Law:
• In legal contexts, an inscription might refer to an entry or notation in
a legal document, recording specific information or actions. This
could include court records, property deeds, or other legal
instruments.
5. Inscription in Numismatics:
• Numismatics, the study of coins and currency, often involves
examining inscriptions on coins. These inscriptions may include
information about the issuing authority, historical events, or
religious symbols.
6. Digital Inscriptions:
• In the digital age, the term "inscription" can also refer to the
process of entering or recording information in a digital format,
such as data inscribed on a computer system.
If you have a specific context or area of interest related to "inscription" that
you'd like more information about, feel free to provide additional details, and I'll
do my best to assist you!

Coins
The history of coins in Bangladesh is intertwined with the broader historical and
cultural developments of the Indian subcontinent. Here are key points in the
history of coins in the region:
1. Ancient Period:
• The ancient history of the Indian subcontinent saw various
kingdoms and empires using coins for trade and economic
transactions.
• Different dynasties, such as the Mauryas and Guptas, issued coins
with distinct designs and inscriptions.
2. Medieval Period:
• During the medieval period, various sultans and emperors,
including those from the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal
Empire, issued coins in the Bengal region.
• The coinage under the Mughals often featured Persian inscriptions
and artistic designs.
3. Bengal Sultanate:
• The Bengal Sultanate, an independent sultanate that existed from
the 14th to the 16th century, issued its own coins. These coins were
often made of copper and had unique designs.

Madels & Ornaments

1. Traditional Ornaments:
• Gold and Silver Jewelry: Bangladesh has a rich tradition of crafting
gold and silver jewelry, often adorned with intricate designs and
gemstones. Traditional ornaments include necklaces, bracelets,
earrings, rings, and anklets.
 • Bridal Jewelry: Special sets of jewelry are crafted for brides,
featuring elaborate designs and serving as important cultural
symbols during weddings.
2. Cultural and Religious Ornaments:
• Hindu Ornaments: In communities following Hinduism, various
ornaments are worn during religious and cultural events. These
may include tikli (forehead ornament), bangles, and nose rings.
• Muslim Ornaments: Traditional Muslim ornaments, such as nose
rings, bangles, and anklets, are also part of the cultural heritage of
Bangladesh.
3. Historical Medals and Awards:
• British Colonial Period: During the British colonial period, various
medals and awards were issued. These may include military
medals, commemoratives, and awards for service.
• Post-Independence Awards: After gaining independence in 1971,
Bangladesh introduced its own system of medals and awards.
These honors are bestowed for outstanding contributions in fields
such as literature, science, and public service.
4. Ethnic and Indigenous Ornaments:
• Chittagong Hill Tracts: The indigenous communities in the
Chittagong Hill Tracts, such as the Marma and Tripura tribes, have
their own distinct styles of ornaments. These may include
beadwork, silver jewelry, and other traditional adornments.
5. Antique and Vintage Ornaments:
• Collectors' Items: Antique and vintage ornaments from various
periods are sought after by collectors. These may include pieces
from the colonial era or items that reflect specific historical styles.
6. Handcrafted Ornaments:
• Artisanal Craftsmanship: Bangladesh has a tradition of handcrafted
ornaments created by skilled artisans. These may include items
made from materials such as brass, copper, and silver.
7. Museum Collections:
• National Museum: The National Museum of Bangladesh houses
collections of historical artifacts, including traditional ornaments
 and medals. These items provide insights into the country's cultural
heritage.
8. Ceremonial and Ritual Ornaments:
• Ceremonial Crowns and Headpieces: During traditional ceremonies
and rituals, individuals may wear ceremonial crowns or headpieces
adorned with symbolic elements.
Understanding the significance of old medals and ornaments in
Bangladesh involves exploring the country's diverse cultural and
historical tapestry. Whether crafted for personal adornment,
cultural rituals, or to commemorate significant events, these items
contribute to the richness of Bangladesh's heritage.

Ivory

The term "ivory work" typically refers to the art of carving or

crafting objects from ivory, which is the hard, dense, and creamy-
colored material obtained from the tusks of elephants, walruses,
and other animals. However, it's important to note that the use of
ivory, particularly from elephants, is highly controversial and often
illegal due to conservation concerns. The international trade in
elephant ivory has been banned in many countries to protect
endangered elephant populations.
Here are some aspects related to historical and contemporary ivory
work:
1. Historical Significance:
 • Artistic Traditions: Ivory has been used for artistic and ornamental
purposes for centuries. Historically, intricate carvings, sculptures,
and decorative items were crafted from ivory.
• Cultural and Religious Artifacts: Ivory was often used to create
cultural and religious artifacts, such as religious figurines, religious
icons, and ceremonial objects.
2. Historical Regions with Ivory Work:
• Africa: Ivory carving has a long history in various African cultures.
Elaborate ivory masks, sculptures, and figurines were created for
ceremonial and artistic purposes.
• Asia: In regions like India, China, and Southeast Asia, artisans
crafted ivory objects with intricate details, influenced by cultural
and religious traditions.
3. Controversies and Conservation:
• Endangered Species: The demand for ivory, particularly from
elephant tusks, has led to a significant decline in elephant
populations, making many species endangered or critically
endangered.
• Conservation Efforts: Due to conservation concerns, international
efforts have been made to ban or restrict the trade in elephant
ivory. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a key international
agreement aimed at protecting endangered species, including
elephants.
4. Legal and Ethical Issues:
• Trade Bans: Many countries have implemented strict bans on the
international trade in elephant ivory to curb poaching and protect
elephant populations.
• Ethical Considerations: The use of ivory raises ethical concerns
related to animal welfare, conservation, and the impact on
biodiversity.
5. Contemporary Alternatives:
• Legal and Sustainable Materials: In response to the conservation
challenges associated with ivory, contemporary artisans and
craftsmen often use legal and sustainable materials as alternatives
to ivory, such as bone, wood, or synthetic materials.
 It's essential to emphasize the importance of promoting ethical and
sustainable practices in the creation of art and craftsmanship. As
the demand for ivory has contributed to the endangerment of
species, responsible and conscientious choices in material
selection are crucial for the protection of wildlife and the
environment.

Second Floor:
There are 15 rooms on the 2nd floor.
Arms & Weapon

1. Ancient Weapons: Museums often showcase ancient weapons such as

swords, spears, and bows that were used in different periods of history.
These artifacts can provide insights into the military technologies and
strategies of ancient civilizations.
2. Colonial Period Weapons: For a country like Bangladesh, which has a
history of colonization, museums may display weapons used during the
colonial era. This could include firearms, cannons, and other military
equipment from the time when Bangladesh was part of British India.
3. Independence War Artifacts: The National Museum of Bangladesh might
feature items related to the country's struggle for independence in 1971.
This could include weapons used by the Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army)
and artifacts related to the Liberation War.
4. Contemporary Military History: Exhibits may also cover the more recent
history of Bangladesh's armed forces. This could include weapons and
equipment used by the military in conflicts or peacekeeping missions.
To get the most accurate and current information about the arms
and weapons history exhibits in the National Museum of
Bangladesh, I recommend checking the museum's official website
or contacting the museum directly. Museums often update their
exhibits, and they can provide detailed information about the items
on display, their historical context, and any special collections or
temporary exhibits related to arms and weapons

Metal Works

1. Ancient Metal Artifacts: Museums often display metal artifacts from

ancient civilizations. These may include tools, ornaments, coins, and other
objects made from various metals, showcasing the metallurgical skills of
past societies in the region.
2. Art and Craftsmanship: Metal works are often celebrated for their artistic
and decorative aspects. The museum might showcase items such as
intricately designed jewelry, religious artifacts, and decorative objects
made from metals like gold, silver, bronze, or copper.
3. Cultural and Historical Significance: Metal artifacts can have cultural and
historical significance. They may be associated with specific periods,
dynasties, or cultural movements, providing visitors with insights into the
history and evolution of metalworking in the region.
4. Traditional Metalworking Techniques: Exhibits might highlight traditional
metalworking techniques used by artisans in Bangladesh. This could
 include information on blacksmithing, casting, engraving, and other
methods that have been employed over the centuries.
To get the most accurate and current information about the metal
works history exhibits in the National Museum of Bangladesh, I
recommend checking the museum's official website or contacting
the museum directly. Museums often provide detailed information
about their collections, including the historical and cultural contexts
of metal artifacts on display

Porcelain,Glass & Glassware

1. Historical Glassware: The museum may showcase historical glassware

items from different periods, representing the evolution of glassmaking
techniques and styles. This could include glass vessels, containers, and
decorative pieces.
2. Cultural and Artistic Significance: Glassware is often valued for its artistic
and aesthetic qualities. Exhibits might feature intricately designed glass
items, such as vases, bowls, and ornaments, highlighting the artistic
traditions associated with glassmaking.
3. Traditional Glassmaking Techniques: The museum may provide
information about traditional glassmaking techniques, including blowing,
 molding, and shaping. This could offer insights into the craftsmanship and
skills involved in creating glassware.
4. Bangladeshi Glassware Tradition: If available, the museum might
showcase examples of glassware produced in Bangladesh, emphasizing
the country's contributions to the art and craft of glassmaking. This could
include both historical and contemporary pieces.
To obtain the most accurate and current information about the porcelain glass
and glassware history exhibits in the National Museum of Bangladesh, I
recommend checking the museum's official website or contacting the museum
directly. Museums often provide detailed information about their collections,
including the historical and cultural contexts of items on display. Additionally,
you may inquire about any special exhibitions or events related to glass and
glassware that the museum may be hosting.

Musical Instrument

1. Traditional Bangladeshi Instruments: Museums often showcase traditional

musical instruments that are integral to the cultural heritage of a region.
This could include instruments like the sitar, tabla, harmonium, bamboo
flutes, and various percussion instruments that have been historically
used in Bangladeshi music.
2. Ethnic and Folk Instruments: The museum might feature instruments used
by different ethnic groups and in folk traditions. These instruments often
 have unique designs and play a significant role in expressing the cultural
diversity of Bangladesh.
3. Historical Evolution of Instruments: Exhibits may cover the historical
development of musical instruments in Bangladesh, showcasing how
designs and playing techniques have evolved over time. This could
include changes influenced by cultural, social, or technological factors.
4. Contribution to Classical Music: Bangladesh has a rich tradition of
classical music, and the museum may highlight instruments associated
with classical genres. This could include instruments used in classical
ragas and compositions.
5. Contemporary Instruments: The museum might also include information
about modern or contemporary musical instruments used in various
genres, reflecting the ongoing evolution of musical practices in
Bangladesh.
To get the most accurate and current information about the musical instrument
history exhibits in the National Museum of Bangladesh, I recommend checking
the museum's official website or contacting the museum directly. Museums
often provide detailed information about their collections, including the
historical and cultural contexts of musical instruments on display. Additionally,
you may inquire about any special exhibitions or events related to musical
instruments that the museum may be hosting.

Textile & Construction

1. Textile History: Museums often showcase textiles that represent the rich
tradition of weaving and textile arts in a region. This could include
traditional garments, fabrics, and embroidery, highlighting the
craftsmanship and cultural significance of textiles in Bangladesh.
2. Historical Garments: The museum may feature historical garments worn
by different communities and during various periods in Bangladesh's
history. This could include traditional clothing styles, ceremonial attire,
and textiles with intricate designs.
3. Weaving Techniques: Exhibits might cover traditional weaving techniques,
showcasing tools and equipment used in the production of textiles. This
could provide insights into the skill and artistry involved in textile
manufacturing.
4. Cultural and Symbolic Textiles: Textiles often carry cultural and symbolic
meanings. The museum might display items with religious or cultural
significance, such as textiles used in ceremonies, rituals, or as symbols of
identity.
 5. Construction History: The museum may have exhibits related to the
history of construction in Bangladesh. This could include architectural
models, tools, and artifacts representing different styles of construction
used in the region over time.
6. Architectural Elements: Displays may feature elements of traditional
architecture, including examples of doors, windows, columns, and other
structural components. These artifacts could represent various historical
periods and architectural styles in Bangladesh.
To get the most accurate and current information about the textile and
construction history exhibits in the National Museum of Bangladesh, I
recommend checking the museum's official website or contacting the
museum directly. Museums often provide detailed information about their
collections, including the historical and cultural contexts of items on
display. Additionally, you may inquire about any special exhibitions or
events related to textiles and construction that the museum may be
hosting.

Embroidered Quilt

1. Traditional Embroidery Styles: Museums often showcase traditional

embroidery styles and techniques that have been practiced in the region.
This could include quilts and textiles with intricate embroidery, reflecting
the cultural diversity and artistic expressions of Bangladesh.
2. Historical Quilts: The museum may feature historical quilts that represent
different periods in Bangladesh's history. These quilts could be adorned
 with embroidery that tells stories, reflects cultural influences, or
showcases the craftsmanship of the textile artists.
3. Cultural Significance: Embroidered quilts often carry cultural significance
and may be associated with specific communities, ceremonies, or events.
The museum exhibits may provide insights into the cultural contexts in
which these quilts were created and used.
4. Symbolism in Embroidery: Embroidery often involves symbolic elements
and motifs. The museum might highlight the meanings behind different
embroidery patterns, showcasing the symbolism and cultural meanings
embedded in the textile art.
5. Evolution of Embroidery Styles: Exhibits may cover the historical evolution
of embroidery styles in Bangladesh, demonstrating how techniques and
designs have changed over time. This could include examples from
different regions and communities.
To get the most accurate and current information about embroidered quilt
history exhibits in the National Museum of Bangladesh, I recommend
checking the museum's official website or contacting the museum
directly. Museums often provide detailed information about their textile
collections, including the historical and cultural contexts of embroidered
items on display. Additionally, you may inquire about any special
exhibitions or events related to textiles and embroidery that the museum
may be hosting.

Wood & Carvings

 1. Wooden Artifacts: Museums often showcase a variety of wooden artifacts that
represent the rich tradition of woodworking in the region. This could include carved
furniture, sculptures, and other items made from wood.
2. Traditional Woodworking Techniques: Exhibits may cover traditional woodworking
techniques, demonstrating how craftsmen in Bangladesh historically carved and
crafted wooden objects. This could include information on tools, carving methods, and
regional variations in woodworking styles.
3. Architectural Woodwork: Wooden elements in traditional architecture, such as carved
doors, windows, and beams, could be part of the museum's collection. These artifacts
may represent different historical periods and architectural styles in Bangladesh.
4. Cultural and Religious Wood Carvings: Wooden carvings often have cultural or
religious significance. The museum may feature items such as carved panels, religious
sculptures, and artifacts used in ceremonies, providing insights into the cultural and
spiritual aspects of wood carving.
5. Evolution of Woodworking Styles: Exhibits might cover the historical evolution of
woodworking styles in Bangladesh, showcasing how designs and techniques have
changed over time. This could include examples from different regions and
communities.
To get the most accurate and current information about the wood and carvings history
exhibits in the National Museum of Bangladesh, I recommend checking the museum's
official website or contacting the museum directly. Museums often provide detailed
information about their collections, including the historical and cultural contexts of
wooden artifacts and carvings on display. Additionally, you may inquire about any
special exhibitions or events related to woodworking and carvings that the museum
may be hosting.

Traditional & Miniature Painting

 1. Traditional Paintings: Museums often showcase traditional paintings that represent
the historical and cultural aspects of a region. Traditional Bangladeshi paintings may
include Patachitra (scroll painting), Kalighat paintings, and other forms that depict
myths, legends, and daily life.
2. Miniature Paintings: Miniature paintings are a unique art form, and the museum may
feature examples of miniature paintings from different periods. These paintings are
often characterized by intricate details and delicate brushwork.
3. Cultural and Religious Themes: The museum may have exhibits that focus on paintings
with cultural or religious themes. Traditional art often reflects the cultural diversity
and religious practices of the region, and the paintings may depict scenes from
mythology, folklore, or religious stories.
4. Historical Evolution of Painting Styles: Exhibits might cover the historical evolution of
painting styles in Bangladesh, showing how artistic techniques and themes have
changed over time. Different periods may be represented, showcasing the diversity of
artistic expression.
5. Contemporary Art: Museums often include sections on contemporary art. This could
encompass modern interpretations of traditional styles or entirely new forms of
artistic expression.
To get the most accurate and current information about the traditional and miniature painting
history exhibits in the National Museum of Bangladesh, I recommend checking the
museum's official website or contacting the museum directly. Museums often provide
detailed information about their collections, including the historical and cultural
contexts of paintings on display. Additionally, you may inquire about any special
exhibitions or events related to traditional and miniature paintings that the museum
may be hosting.