Electromagnetic Induction III Wrksheet

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDU0CTION (Transformer)

1. State what is a Transformer .[2]

2. Draw the electrical component symbol for a transformer with a ferromagnetic

(soft-iron) core.[2]

3. Give the name of the effect/principle on which a Transformer operates.[1]

4. Give the (2) TWO chief(main) functions of a transformer.[2]

5. What type of current is required for by a transformer for it to operate according to

its intended purpose. [1]

6. Suggest a reason why the core of a transformer is made from soft-iron and not
mild steel.[2]
7. Differentiate between a step-up transformer and a step-down transformer.[4]

8. Draw a labeled diagram of a step-up transformer.[1]

9. Draw a labeled diagram of a step-down transformer.[1]

10. State the name for the transformer coil across which:-
a) the alternating input voltage is applied.[1]
b) the alternating output voltage is induced.[1]

11. Write a word and a symbolic equation which shows the relationship between the
voltages in the coils and the number of turns of each coil of a transformer.[4]

12. Give the reason why a transformer as a device/component is called a

“transformer”. [1]

13. State the word and the symbolic equation for calculating the electrical power of a
electrical device.[2]

14. With aid of a labeled diagram give a brief explanation of the principle on which a
transformer operates.[4]

15. List the (3) THREE main reasons for energy losses in a well design transformer,
and briefly relate how EACH contribute to the overall energy loss of a
transformer.[6]

16. List the design features/properties of a near ideal transformer, and briefly explain
how EACH of the design features/properties help to reduce the power losses in
the transformer.[6]

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 Electromagnetic Induction III Wrksheet

17. Give a reason why oil is used in preference to water as a coolant-(a heat removing
fluid), in large commercial transformers.[1]

18. What are Eddy currents and briefly relate why their presence in a transformer
make it less ideal.[4]

19. State the equation/formula which expresses the relationship between the currents
in the primary and secondary coils and the voltages in the primary and secondary
coils respectively. [3]

20. State both the word and the symbolic equation/formula for determining the
efficiency of a transformer.[3]

21. Give the equation/formula for calculating power loss in wires by the Joule heating
effect .[1]

22. A transformer is required to step-down a mains voltage of 240V to provide a 12V

supply for a C.D. player. If the primary coil is wound with 1000 turns of wire,
determine the number of turns required for the secondary coil.[2]

23. A transformer is required to step-up a 25kV power station supply to 50kV in an

effort to electrify a rural area. If the primary coil is wound with 1500 turns of
wire, determine the number of turns required for the secondary coil.[2]

24. A transformer is required to step-down a sub-station voltage transmission of 25kV

to provide a heavy industry factory with an operating 6.9kV supply. If the
secondary coil has only 400 turns of wire, find the number of turns of wire on its
primary coil.[2]

25. A transformer at a local sub-station step-up a transmission supply of 110V to

220V to supply an industrial park’s operational requirements. If the secondary
coil of the transformer has 600 turns, how many turns does the primary coil have.
[2]

26. Tab.[Q]

Primary coil Secondary coil

IP/A VP/ V NP IS/A VS/ V NS
T1 0.5 110 900 (ii) 18.3 (i)
T2 2 (iii) 100 0.5 220 (iv)

a) Calculation the missing values i, ii, iii, and iv in Tab. [Q] above.[4]
b) State the type of transformer T1 and T2 are and determine their efficiencies
respectively. [4]

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 Electromagnetic Induction III Wrksheet

Primary Coil Secondary Coil

250 V a.c. supply 2

1500 turns turns

Figure [X]

27. Fig. [X] above shows a voltage step-down transformer connected to 250V a.c.
supply. If the primary coil is comprised of 1500 turns and the voltage between the
terminals 1 and 3 is 7.5V. Determine the following:-
a) the number of turns on the secondary coil.[2]
b) the p.d.(voltage) between terminals 1 and 2 if the number of turns between them
is 15. [2]
c) the p.d. (voltage) between terminals 2 and 3.[2]

Primary Coil Secondary Coil

110 V a.c. supply 2

2200 turns 240 turns

Figure [Y]

28. When a 110V a.c. supply is connected to the 2200 primary winding of a
transformer and this transformer is in a lamp which operates on 6V. If then the
secondary windings is 240, find the following with the aid of Fig. [Y] above.
a) the p.d.(voltage) between terminals 1 and 3.[2]
b) the p.d.(voltage) between terminals 2 and 3 if the number of windings between
them is 180. [2]
c) State between which pair of terminals would the lamp best operate AND give
ONE reason for your decision.[2]

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 Electromagnetic Induction III Wrksheet

Primary Coil Secondary Coil

110 V a.c. supply load resistor

400 turns 200 turns

Figure [N] (a)

29. Fig. [N] a) represents a transformer with primary coil of 400 turns and a
secondary coil of 200 turns.

a) If the primary coil is connected to 110V a.c. mains supply. What will be the
secondary voltage? [2]
b) Calculate the efficiency of the transformer if the primary current is 3A and the
secondary coil current is 5A.[4]
c) Give reasons why you would expect the efficiency to be less than 100%[1]

Lamp Coil

a.c. supply

Figure [N] (b)

d) The secondary coil is removed and a small coil connected to a low voltage
lamp is placed a shown in Fig.[N] b). Explain the following observations:
i. the lamp lights [2]
ii. if the coil is moved upwards, the lamp gets dimmer.[2]
iii. If a soft-iron rod is now placed through the coil, the lamp brightens
again.[2]
iv. the lamp will not light if a d.c. supply is used instead of an a.c. one.[2]

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 Electromagnetic Induction III Wrksheet

Primary Coil Secondary Coil

240 V a.c. supply

2000 turns

Figure [R] A Step-Down Transformer

30. Fig. [R] shows a step-down transformer. The primary coil consists of 2000 turns
and is connected to a 240V a.c. mains. The secondary coil supplies a current of
1.5A at 12V a.c. The transformer may assumed to be 100% efficient.
a) What material is usually used for the laminated core of the transformer.[1]
b) Why is the core laminated?[2]
c) How many turns are there on the secondary coil?[2]
d) What is the power taken from the mains – (i.e. the power input of the
transformer)?[2]

Primary Coil Secondary Coil

12V a.c. supply

NP NS

100 turns 10,000 turns

Figure [E] A Step-Up Transformer

31. Figure [E] A step-up transformer has 10,000 turns on its secondary coil and 100
turns on its primary coil. An alternating current of 5.0A flows in the primary coil,
when it is connected to a 12V a.c. supply. Calculate;
a) the power input to the transformer.[1]
b) the e.m.f.(p.d.) induced across the secondary coil.[2]
c) What is the maximum current that could flow in a circuit connected to the
secondary coil if:
i. the transformer is 100% efficient and, [2]

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 Electromagnetic Induction III Wrksheet

ii. the transformer is 90% efficient, but produces the same e.m.f.(p.d.)
across the secondary coil as the ideal one? [2]

Primary Coil Secondary Coil

220 V a.c. supply

1600 turns 400 turns

Figure [W]

If a transformer’s primary coil of 1600 turns as in figure [W] is supplied by a 220V a.c.
mains
32. Calculate the following -:
a) the e.m.f.(the p.d.) induce in the secondary coil of 400 turns.[2]
b) If a load resistor of 11Ώ is connected between the ends of the secondary
coil a 5A current flows. What is the current in the primary coil ?[2]
c) The efficiency of the transformer.[2]
d) The current in amperes in the primary coil if the transformers efficiency
was 85%, having the p.d. determined in 32a) and a 5A current flowing in
the secondary coil.[2]