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Contents
READING . Reading Comprehension -
WRITING SKILLS . Formal Letters -

. Analytical Paragraph -
GRAMMAR . Tenses -
. Modals -
. Subject-Verb Concord -
. Determiners -
. Reported Speech Commands Requests, Statements, Questions -
Integrated Grammar Exercises -
LITERATURE First Flight : Prose

. Glimpses of India -
. Madam Rides the Bus -
. The Sermon at Benares -
. The Proposal Play -
First Flight : Poetry
. Amanda -
. Animals -
. The Tale of Custard the Dragon -
Foot Prints without Feets : Supplementary
. The Making of a Scientist -
. The Necklace -
. The Hack Driver -
. Bholi -
Practice Papers - -
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CBSE Term II
2022
Syllabus
READING LITERATURE
Question based on the following kinds of unseen Questions based on extracts texts to assess
passages to assess inference, evaluation, interpretation, inference, extrapolation beyond the
vocabulary, analysis and interpretation: text and across the texts.
. Discursive passage - words
. Case based Factual passage with visual input FIRST FLIGHT
statistical data chart etc. - words . Glimpses of India
. Madam Rides the Bus
WRITING SKILL . The Sermon at Benares
. Formal letter based on a given situation . The Proposal Play
Letter of Order
Letter of Enquiry POEMS
. Analytical Paragraph based on . Amanda
outline chart cue map report etc. . Animals
. The Tale of Custard the Dragon
GRAMMAR
. Tenses FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET
. Modals . The Making of a Scientist
. Subject Verb Concord . The Necklace
. Determiner . The Hack Driver
. Reported Speech . Bholi
. Commands and Requests
. Statements
. Questions
CBSE Term II English Language & Literature 10th 1
Reading
CHAPTER 01
Reading
Comprehension
In this Chapter...
! Discursive Passages
! Case Based Factual Passages
Reading comprehension or reading the passage is the ability of making meaning from text. The main objective to read the
passages is to gain an overall understanding of what is described in the text.
In Class 10th Term 2 examination, two types of passages will be given
(i) Discursive Passage (400–450 words) A discursive passage may include the opinion of a person which are generally
argumentative, persuasive and interpretative. It allows students to arrive at a conclusion through reasoning and
understanding rather than intuition. It presents a balanced and objective approach towards the subject being discussed.
(ii) Case Based Factual Passage (300–350 words) A case based factual passage is composed of information in a direct manner
about a particular subject. It also contain visual and verbal inputs such as graphs, charts, pie-charts, etc. These passages
focus completely on details or facts. It may include instructions, a report or a description. It helps the reader to develop a
complete idea of a specific person, place, object or thing.
Steps to Attempt Reading Comprehension Questions
!
Read each and every line of the passage carefully. Reading the passage twice is always helpful, as it helps in better
understanding and makes it easier for the students to find answers.
!
If the title of the passage is given, read it first, as it gives the central idea of the passage.
!
Underline the difficult words while reading the passage.
!
Always give emphasis on the beginning and end of the passage. These parts often hold the most important information of the
passage.
!
While answering, be sure that you’ve clearly understood the question. Answer must be relevant to the question.
2 CBSE Term II English Language & Literature 10th
Chapter
Practice
!
Discursive Passages
Read the passages given below carefully.
Passage 1
India 2020
By Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
1. Nations are built by the imagination and untiring enthusiastic efforts of generations. One generation transfers
the fruits of its toil to another, which then takes forward the mission. As the coming generation also has its
dreams and aspirations for the nation’s future, it therefore adds something from its side to the national vision;
which the next generation strives hard to achieve. This process goes on and the nation climbs steps of glory and
gains higher strength. The first vision: Freedom of India
2. Any organisation, society or even a nation without a vision is like a ship cruising on the high seas without any
aim or direction. It is the clarity of national vision which constantly drives the people towards the goal.
3. Our last generation, the glorious generation of freedom fighters, led by Mahatma Gandhi and many others set
for the nation a vision of free India. This was the first vision, set by the people for the nation. It therefore went
deep into the minds and the hearts of the masses and soon became the great inspiring and driving force for the
people to collectively plunge into the struggle for freedom movement. The unified dedicated efforts of the
people from every walk of life won freedom for the country. The second vision: Developed India
4. The next generation (to which I also belong) has put India strongly on the path of economic, agricultural and
technological development. But India has stood too long in the line of developing nations. Let us, collectively,
set the second national vision of Developed India. I am confident that it is very much possible and can
materialise in 15 – 20 years’ time. Developed status
5. What does the developed nation status mean for the common man? It means the major transformation of our
national economy to make it one of the largest economies in the world, where the countrymen live well above
the poverty line, their education and health is of high standard, national security is reasonably assured, and the
core competence in certain major areas gets enhanced significantly so that the production of quality goods,
including exports, is rising and thereby bringing all-round prosperity for the countrymen.
6. What is the common link needed to realise these sub-goals? It is the technological strength of the nation, which
is the key to reach this developed status. Build around our strength
7. The next question that comes to the mind is, how can it be made possible? We have to build and strengthen our
national infrastructure in an all-round manner, in a big way. Therefore, we should build around our existing
strengths including the vast pool of talented scientists and technologists and our abundant natural resources.
The manpower resource should be optimally utilised to harness health care, services sectors and engineering
goods sectors. (410 words)
Questions (iv) What qualities do the writer of the above passage

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any displays when they talk about the necessary steps to
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct build our nation’s strength? Choose one option
option. from the following.
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, a (a) Ambitious and alertness
nation without a vision is? (b) Tendency to help everyone in need
(c) Visionary and confident
(a) Futuristic
(d) Leading people by trying to do everything in their own
(b) Prudent
way
(c) Desultory
(d) Belligerent (v) Select the option with the underlined words that
can suitably replace ‘driving’.
(ii) Select the option that suitably completes the
(a) He was the acting force behind the new ballet company.
dialogue with reference to the above passage.
(b) You should never take chance while swiftly drunk
John: The diversity of India is a gift, wouldn’t you riding a car.
agree? I think it adds to the glory of our nation and (c) Covered in engine, dragging forcefully the 31-foot
makes it unique in its existence. propeller shaft for the 2 propellers.
Matt: I do agree. In fact, I think ................ . (d) During the first year of the war, he was active in
(a) If everyone stays isolated, that would nurture the exerting force out and maltreating Union men.
nation’s strength
(b) Unity in diversity is what will make our nation great
(vi) What does the author advise, in paragraph 7?
(c) Generalisation of every citizen as a part of one single (a) To strengthen the nation’s technological strength.
community is very integral to the growth of the nation (b) To strengthen the nation’s defensive strength.
(d) It separates our nation and makes India superior than (c) To strengthen the nation’s nuclear strength.
all others (d) To strengthen the nation’s educational strength.
(iii) Choose the option that best conveys the message in (vii) Choose the option that lists the quote best
– “It therefore went deep into the minds and the expressing the central idea of the passage.
hearts of the masses and soon became the great (a) Not merely a nation, but a nation of nations.
inspiring and driving force…” (Lyndon B Johnson)
(a) A person is a coward because they think they are. (b) To survive in peace and harmony united and strong,
(b) A person is brave because their family and friends we must have one people, one nation, one flag.
support them. (Pauline Hanson)
(c) A person’s happiness depends upon a healthy (c) After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there
relationship with the society. are many more hills to climb. (Nelson Manela)
(d) A person’s valour is determined by their contribution (d) In the truest sense, freedom cannot be bestowed; it
to the world. must be achieved. (F. D. Roosevelt)
Passage 2
1. Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems.
First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for
publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects
every day.
Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest
bidder.
2. I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and
reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental
authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the
excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would
break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal
activities.
3. You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are
part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest
bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything
that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in
claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.
4. I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In
one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in
a single courtyard, even precious royal seal impressions known as ‘melekh handles’ have been found in
abundance — more than 4,000 examples so far.
5. The basement of museums is simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the
future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and
become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts
could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be
photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be
required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes. It would be unrealistic
to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold in the open market. But the demand for the
clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was
available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist
who excavated it? (454 words)
Questions (c) One must not despair in life and try their best to make
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any things better.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (d) Money and success are the most important things in life.
option. (iv) Which of the following can be said about the people
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, is in the profession of archaeology?
the lesson taught by the process of excavation? (a) Collectors of artifacts
(a) Archaeology is the most important branch of studies. (b) Seekers of knowledge
(b) Finding and preserving artifacts is integral to knowing (c) Smugglers of knowledge
more about our cultural past. (d) Acquire of knowledge for business purposes
(c) Earth has many valuable objects hidden which must be (v) Select the option with the underlined words that
found and sold. can suitably replace‘clandestine’. (Paragraph 5)
(d) Nothing should remain hidden for a very long time. (a) The result of weeks of public planning now sat hidden
(ii) Select the option that suitably completes the inside the bedside cupboard.
dialogue with reference to the above passage. (b) The proceeds went to fund its justifiably correct war
against the Russians.
Dev: I think in order to save the ancient findings (c) There had been some sort of secretly conducted
from being sold illegally, we should sell them in liaison between the lady and Darrel for sometime.
open markets. (d) Gagan became much more open and frank when asked
Prachi: I agree but ................... . about the lyrical contents of his songs.
(a) Only the artifacts that are not of import and are (vi) Which of the following words means “a study of
excavated in multiple quantity human activity through recovery and analysis of
(b) Not the artifacts that are of scientific or historic material culture”?
importance
(a) Stratigraphically (b) Archaeologist
(c) It is not our decision or concern should we should not
(c) Archaeology (d) Excavation
discuss it
(d) Both (a) and (b) (vii) Select the qualities that the author seems to exhibit,
on the basis of your reading of the passage.
(iii) Choose the option that best conveys the message
(1) Conniving (2) Business-minded
in – ‘Practically, you are wrong.’
(3) Shrewd (4) Sharp
(a) One must leave everything on God and have faith that
(5) Clever
all will be right.
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2, 4 and 5
(b) One must strive to do better in life, every step of the way.
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 5
Passage 3
1. Do children really need such long summer breaks, was a question posed by some experts recently. Apparently,
such a long break disrupts their development and comes in the way of their learning process. Let’s get the takes
back to their books, is perhaps the expert view, if not in so many words. One would have thought the children
are doing too much during their vacations and not too little, given the plethora of course, classes, camps and
workshop involving swimming, art, personality development, music, computers and the like that seem to cram
their calendar. Even the trips taken in the name of holidays seem laden with exotic destinations and customised
experience packed into a short period of time. We can go Europe in 10 days and Australia in a week and come
back armed with digital memories and overflowing suitcase. Holidays are, in some ways, no longer a break but
an intensified search for experience not normally encountered in everyday life.
2. It is a far cry from summer holidays one experienced while growing up. For holidays every year meant one thing
and one thing alone—you went back to your native place, logging in with emotional headquarters of your
extended family and spent two months with a gaggle of uncles, aunts and first and second cousins. The happiest
memories of the childhood of a whole generation seem to be centered around this annual ritual of homecoming
and of affirmation. We tendered tacit apologies for the separateness entailed in being individuals even as we
scurried back into the cauldron of community and continuity represented by family. Summer vacation was a
time sticky with oneness, as who we were and what we owned oozed out from our individual selves into a
collective pot.
3. Summer was not really a break, but a joint. It was the bridge used to re-affirm one’s connectedness with one’s
larger community. One did not travel, one returned. It was not an attempt to experience the new and the
extraordinary but one that emphatically underlined the power of the old and the ordinary. As times change, what
we seek from our summer breaks too has changed in fundamental ways. Today, we are attached much more to
the work and summer helps us temporarily detach from this new source of identity. Summer breaks have
become like working vacations, especially for the children. We refuel our individual selves now and do so with
much more material than we did in the past. But for those who grew up in different times, summer vacation was
the best time of their lives. (429 words)
Questions (c) Are going to visit my grandparents and have asked me
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any to stay back at home
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (d) Want me to work during the vacations
option. (iii) Choose the option that best conveys the message in
(i) According to the passage, what, from the following, – ‘Summer was not really a break, but a joint.’
is the lesson being taught by the author’s nostalgic (a) It was a time to get away from one’s hectic life to have
some relaxation time.
mention of the summer holidays of the older times?
(b) Friends met in summer break to enjoy some time
(a) It was a time when everyone looked for adventure and together.
new experiences.
(c) It was a time to build one’s professional career.
(b) It was a time when everyone went back to their homes
and relaxed. (d) People got the chance to connect with their families.
(c) It was a time when everyone apologised to their loved (iv) What qualities do children of today’s world display
ones. during their summer vacations, as highlighted by
(d) It was a time of mending broken relationships and the author in the first paragraph? Choose one
building new ones. option from the following.
(ii) Select the option that suitably completes the (a) Talented yet distracted
dialogue with reference to the above passage. (b) Observational and alert
Jai: Vacations are starting from next week. Let’s get (c) Laid back and relaxed
together to decide where we want to go on a tour. (d) Hard working and determined
What do you think? (v) Select the option with the underlined words that
Prateek: No, I can’t come with you. My parents can suitably replace ‘scurried’ (paragraph 2).
.................. . (a) The agent stayed away and Denton immediately
turned on her.
(a) Are taking me and my siblings to our grandparents’
village to meet our relatives (b) Delivery people made haste about situating floral
arrangements and dry ice.
(b) Want me to stay home and work on my studies
(c) Dayton angrily followed her as she hid secretly in the (c) Working vacation
room upstairs. (d) Customised experience
(d) He was keenly observing to observe how far from the (vii) Select the qualities, from the passage, that the
parent rock any pebbles could be found.
author wants us to imbibe during summer
(vi) An Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which vacations.
apparently contradictory terms appear in
(1) Anti-social (2) Acceptive
conjunction.
(3) Emotional (4) Isolated
From the options given below, select an Oxymoron
that appears in the above passage. (5) Forgiving
(a) Summer break (a) 2, 4 and 5 (b) 2 and 5
(b) Annual ritual (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
Passage 4
1. Over the last few days, Delhi residents have been protesting against the government’s approval for felling over
14,000 trees in South Delhi. Faced with severe criticism, the National Buildings Construction Corporation,
tasked with redeveloping half a dozen South Delhi colonies, on Monday assured the Delhi High Court that no
trees would be cut for the project till July 4, which is transitory relief. Many of the trees proposed to be felled
are mature, local, fruit-bearing ones that provide clean air, shade and water recharge to humans and are homes
to many birds. These areas of Delhi have served as the ‘lungs’ of the city. However, the project reports overlook
these qualities.
2. Large constructions have been difficult to manage in India. The sector has systematically lobbied to be excluded
from the environmental norms of the country and has been successful in carving out special privileges for itself
in the environment clearance process. From 2006, most construction projects have been approved based on an
application form instead of detailed assessment reports. In 2014, schools, colleges and hostels for educational
institutions were exempted from taking environment clearances as long as they followed specific sustainability
parameters. In 2016, projects with areas of less than 20,000 sq m were permitted to proceed as long as they
submitted a self-declaration ensuring adherence to environmental norms. As a result of these privileges,
construction projects contribute significantly to urban air and noise pollution and high water consumption in
cities. Compensatory afforestation taken up in lieu of trees felled by projects is a failure due to poor survival
rates of saplings and no monitoring.
3. Yet all regulatory bodies treat large constructions with kid gloves. The Minister for Urban Development has
stated that this public campaign is ‘misinformed’. But that is far from the truth. In a literate, urban society that
has high access to the Internet, the lack of official information on urban development and its impacts can only
be understood as an indirect form of public silencing. There are no public hearings held for urban construction
projects and governments assume that citizens have nothing to say about them. Since Delhi is ruled by so many
agencies, you can run from pillar to post and still not have a clue about who is in charge of what. The residents
are now appealing to the government to embrace inclusive ways of redesigning the city. The governments could
join hands by committing to review these projects.
4. One of the severe side effects of constantly lessening number of trees in the city is the increase in air pollution,
which is only adding to the already existing gigantic issue of smog that ails the city in winters. (444 words)
Questions (a) Steps must be taken to ensure that no government can
do as they wish and harm anyone in the process.
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any
(b) Steps must be taken to ensure that any construction
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct that happens follows the environmental norms.
option. (c) Steps must be taken to ensure that trees are grown in
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, is large numbers around the city.
the greatest lesson to be learnt from the above (d) Steps must be taken by the general public to hinder
passage? any such construction that may have adverse affect on
the environment.
(ii) Select the option that suitably completes the (c) Sadistic behaviour toward the destitute
dialogue with reference to the above passage. (d) Malignant and hostile
Kajal: Many trees have been cut down to make (v) A Portmanteau [words like brunch (breakfast +
space for the new apartments near our society. It is lunch)] is a blend of words in which parts of
very unfair. The birds have already left. Don’t you multiple words are combined to form a new word.
agree? From the options given below, select a Portmanteau
Vaibhav: ................ . word that appears in the above passage.
(a) No, I don’t. We need more homes to live (a) Sapling (b) Felled
(b) Yes, I do. But it’s not too bad. They are going to use (c) Smog (d) Recharge
the wood in making the houses (vi) Select the qualities that are being discussed in the
(c) No, I don’t. It is not of our concern line – “However, the project reports overlook these
(d) Yes, I do. It is very bad for nature and for all living qualities”.
beings (1) The benefits that the presence of trees provide to all
(iii) Choose the option that best conveys the message in living beings.
– “These areas of Delhi have served as the ‘lungs’ of (2) The enthusiasm of people to save their environment.
the city.” (3) The importance of trees in the environment.
(a) Due to presence of many trees, the Ministry for (4) The laidback approach of the Judiciary.
Urban Development provides oxygen for most of the
city. (5) The destruction and noise pollution accompanying
the projects.
(b) Due to presence of many trees, the urban society
provides oxygen for most of the city. (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 5
(c) Due to presence of many trees, the South Delhi area (c) 1, 4 and 5 (d) 2 and 4
provides oxygen for most of the city. (vii) Choose the option that contains the correct
(d) Due to presence of many trees, the Delhi uses most of meaning of the given idiom, as used in the third
the oxygen from the city. paragraph.
(iv) What qualities do the large construction companies
Treat/handle with kid gloves
display when extract special privileges for them in
(a) To upset someone by treating them like a child.
environment clearance process? Choose one option
(b) To equate someone with a child.
from the following.
(c) To deal gently and tactfully with someone.
(a) Shrewd and self-serving
(b) Philanthropist and ameliorating (d) To say that someone is very childish.
Passage 5
1. Every event a person sees and every noise he hears is part of a life that has been created for him as a unit.
Whether major or insignificant, no event in the universe happens by coincidence. No flower blooms or fades by
chance. No man comes into existence or dies out of pure coincidence. No man becomes sick by mistake and
neither does his sickness develop in an uncontrolled manner. In each case these occurrences are especially
predestined by God, from the very moment they were created.
2. Destiny is something that you have been creating unconsciously. You can also create it consciously. You can
rewrite it; all that we do in the form of a spiritual process is just that. If you can touch the core within you, if you
can experience that the source of creation is within you and then shift your whole focus on yourself, you can
rewrite your own destiny. This is true as far as I know.
3. All the time your focus is scattered because what you consider as ‘me’ is your house, your car, your wife, your
children, your education, your position and your other identities. If I strip you of all these things, including your
body and mind, which are just accumulations, you will feel like a nobody.
4. Once you become a true individual, your destiny is yours. Individual comes from ‘indivisible’ – it cannot
be divided any more. It cannot be here and there. Why people in the spiritual process, who are in a hurry
for spiritual growth, are not getting into marriage, children and relationships, is because the moment you
have a wife or a husband, you fall into a trap. ‘Me’ gets identified with the others. The significance of
Sanyasi and Brahmacharya is to just shift your focus on you. When I say ‘you’, it is just ‘you’, not your body or
mind.
5. If you are unable to be like that, you just choose one identity. When you say ‘you’, make it you and your Guru.
You attach yourself to the Guru without any hesitation because you can get as entangled as you want with him
but he is not going to get entangled. The moment you are ‘ripe’ you can drop the attachment. With other
relationships, it is never so. Even if you want to get free, the others will not let you go. So, just create a longing
to grow, to dissolve, to know. What has to happen will happen. Once you become an individual, your destiny
becomes yours. Once your destiny is happening in awareness, the next step will happen by itself, because life
within you has the intelligence to choose freedom. (444 words)
Questions (b) Selfless assistance of others
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any (c) Emphasis on the complete disregard for others
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (d) Self-doubt and depreciation
option. (v) Select the option with the underlined words that
(i) According to the passage, what, from the following, can suitably replace ‘entangle’ (paragraph 5).
is the greatest lesson being taught by the author? (a) He became extremely angry in what can only be called
(a) Destiny can be changed and re-written if one focuses two intrigues.
on one’s surroundings. (b) An overly enlarged whale can survive for a long time if
(b) Destiny can never be changed by selfish people like its feeding ability is not impaired, according to Straley.
Sanyasis and Brahmacharyas. (c) But the bear hadn’t killed the bull until it became
(c) Every person creates their own destiny. hidden in the brush.
(d) Every person’s destiny is already set in stone by (d) We managed to twist together the string of lights into
God. a hopeless mess of wires.
(ii) Select the option that suitably completes the (vi) Select the qualities from the passage, that the
dialogue with reference to the above passage. author wants us to imbibe.
(1) Atheist (2) Anti-social
Maya: I have decided to become a Sanyasi and
(3) Individualistic (4) Introspective
follow the path of spiritualism. Please join me.
(5) Confining
Atharva: .............. . (a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 5
(a) Yes, after all it’s the path to self-discovery. (c) 2, 4 and 5 (d) 3 and 4
(b) Yes. What is left in the world anyway?
(vii) Choose the option that lists the quote best
(c) No. It’s a hoax and cannot teach anyone anything.
expressing the central idea of the passage.
(d) No. Individual thinking that spiritualism promotes is
very selfish and harmful to the society. (a) When you connect to the silence within you, that is
when you can make sense of the disturbance going on
(iii) Which of the following sentences from the above around you. (Stephen Richards)
passage is not an example of ‘happenstance’? (b) To the mind that is still, the whole universe
(a) “This is true as far as I know.” surrenders. (Lao Tzu)
(b) “Once you become a true individual, your destiny is (c) It is not until you come to a spiritual understanding of
yours.” who you are, not necessarily a religious feeling, but
(c) “What has to happen will happen.” deep down, the spirit within, that you can begin to
(d) “No man becomes sick by mistake and neither does his take control. (Oprah Winfrey)
sickness develop in an uncontrolled manner.” (d) You have to grow from the inside out. None can
teach you, none can make you spiritual. There is no
(iv) What qualities do the Sanyasis and Brahmacharyas other teacher, but your own soul. (Swami
imbibe on their quest of spiritual growth? Choose Vivekananda)
one option from the following.
(a) Self-assessment and devotion
Passage 6
1. Right from the early Vedic period people have been celebrating the birth of a son, but in those days daughters
born into a family were not neglected but were educated properly. This changed during the later Vedic Age and
daughters were considered a social burden. Only girls belonging to upper class families enjoyed the right of
education and got proper nourishment.
2. In the medieval period the conditions deteriorated for the females and, even in royal families, girls could not get
the same status as boys. In Muslim households they were taught at their homes while Hindu girls were
privileged by getting primary education in nearby schools.
3. From thereon, the condition of the females in the society only worsened. However, in the nineteenth century,
many social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Annie Besant, MG Ranade, Jyotiba
Phule, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, etc came forward for the emancipation of women in India. In fact, Raja Ram
Mohan Roy fervently advocated female education.
4. Since then, there has been a tremendous progress in every field but unfortunately girls are still neglected. In
most of the families birth of a girl child is not desired, and even when accepted, they are considered as inferior
to boys and their education is not considered important because it seems like wastage of money to most of the
parents. They think it unreasonable because afterwards they would be compelled to spend a heavy amount of
money on their dowry. So, the female literacy rate has grown unsatisfactory and has a direct impact upon the
overall development and growth of the nation.
5. If India wants to be a developed nation, it must concentrate on female education. The old African proverb – “If
you educate a man, you educate an individual, but if you educate a woman, you educate an entire family (nation)
focuses on the fact that the root cause of all the problems women are facing is the lack of education. If women
are educated, then all problems like female infanticide, dowry, female suicides, domestic battering, malnutrition
of women, child marriage and other related atrocities would vanish from India. Education provides an essential
qualification to fulfill certain economic, political and cultural functions and improves women’s socio-economic
status. It brings reduction in inequalities. If their standard of living is improved, it will indirectly uplift the
society. If they are financially strong, they will be able to take proper care of their children and provide them
with good education. (411 words)
Questions (c) Determination to help and protect others.
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any (d) Fearful for people who are suffering.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (v) Select the option with the underlined words that
option. can suitably replace ‘fervently’ (paragraph 2).
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, is (a) He was incorrigibly frivolous, idle and unconcerned;
the greatest lesson being taught by the Vedic his father had given.
period? (b) He spoke with passionate intensity of the opportunity
which offered itself to those who loved the freedom of
(a) Girls are burden to their families. Greece.
(b) Equal treatment of boys and girls. (c) I ask all in favor to stop being so typically aggressive
(c) Only upper class girls deserve proper education. and voice your opinion.
(d) The birth of a boy should be celebrated lavishly. (d) Left to himself, Louis might have been too violently
(ii) Select the option that suitably completes the revolutionary for resistance.
dialogue with reference to the above passage. (vi) Select the option that lists the social evils that will
Shruti: Now that school is over, what are your plans be cured by the education of women.
for the future? (1) child marriage
Kaira: I want to study at Yale, but my parents (2) domestic violence
............... . (3) caste distinction
(a) sent my brother there (4) female foeticide
(b) won’t allow me because it is too far (5) xenophobia
(c) don’t want me to study any further (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 4 and 5
(d) want me to study there as well (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
(iii) What does the author mean by the phrase (vii) Choose the option that lists the quote best
‘emancipation of women’? expressing the central idea of the passage.
(a) Liberating women from their previous deteriorating (a) All I want is education and I am afraid of no one.
condition. (Malala Yousafzai)
(b) Worsening the condition of women in society. (b) Education, leading to financial independence, has
(c) Abasement of men in the society. surely made women empowered. (Sudha Murty)
(d) Enslavement of men in order to liberate women. (c) When girls are educated, their countries become
(iv) What qualities do social reformers like Raja Ram stronger and more prosperous. (Michelle Obama)
Mohan Roy display? Choose one from the following. (d) Men and Women must be educated, in a great degree,
(a) Selfish assistance to help other people. by the opinions and manners of the society they live
(b) A dauntless attitude towards life. in. (Mary Wollstonecraft)
Passage 7
1. Everybody wants to succeed in life. For some, success means achieving whatever they desire or dream. For
many it is the name, fame and social position. Whatever be the meaning of success, it is success which makes a
man popular.
2. All great men have been successful. They are remembered for their great achievements. But it is certain that
success comes to those who are sincere, hardworking, loyal and committed to their goals. Success has been
man’s greatest motivation. It is very important for all. Success has a great effect on life. It brings pleasure and
pride. It gives a sense of fulfillment. It means all-around development. Everybody hopes to be successful in life.
But success smiles on those who have a proper approach, planning, vision and stamina. A proper and timely
application of all these things is bound to bear fruit. One cannot be successful without cultivating these certain
basic things in life. It is very difficult to set out on a journey without knowing one’s goals and purposes. Clarity
of the objective is a must to succeed in life. A focused approach with proper planning is certain to bring success.
Indecision and insincerity are big obstacles on the path to success.
3. One should have the capability, capacity and resources to turn one’s dreams into reality. Mere desire cannot
bring you success. The desire should be weighed against factors like capability and resources.
This is the basic requirement of success. The next important thing is the eagerness, seriousness and the urge to
be successful. It is the driving force which decides the success. It is the first step on the ladder of success.
4. One needs to pursue one’s goals with sincerity and passion. One should always be in high spirit. Lack of such
spirit leads to an inferiority complex which is a big obstruction on the path to success. Time is also a deciding
factor. Only the punctual and committed have succeeded in life. Lives of great men are examples of this. They
had all these qualities in plenty which helped them rise to the peak of success.
5. Hard labour is also one of the basic requirements of success. There is no substitute for hard labour. It alone can
take one to the peak of success. Every success has a ratio of five percent inspiration and ninety-five percent
perspiration. It is the patience, persistence and perseverance which play a decisive role in achieving success.
Failures are the pillars of success as they are our stepping-stones and we must get up and start again and be
motivated. (426 words)
Questions (iii) Choose the option that best conveys the message in
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any – ‘It gives a sense of fulfillment’.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (a) Failure makes you understand success.
option. (b) Achieving success feels like a person’s life’s purpose is
fulfilled.
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, is
(c) Hard work never goes unrewarded.
first and foremost step on the journey to achieve
(d) Success means achieving everything you want.
success?
(a) Keenness and urge to be successful (iv) Select the option with the underlined words that
(b) Indecisive behaviour and sincerity can suitably replace ‘persistence’ (paragraph 5).
(c) To be very inspired (a) He admired her dogged continuing effort in pursuing
(d) Punctuality and divided commitment the job.
(b) By the time the rebel troops arrived, the village had
already been cast aside.
(c) The son was reluctant to turn over involvement in the
Jiya: One day I’ll be very successful, like my company.
grandfather, father and brother. It is in my genetics (d) This illness induced a spiritual change, and he resolved
to become successful. It doesn’t matter what I do or to sign away whatever kept him back from God.
how I do it, I know I am sure to be successful.
(v) A Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or
Ruhi: You mustn’t think like that. Success phrase is applied to an object or action to which it
................ . is not literally applicable.
(a) Only comes to those fail a lot
From the options given below, select a phrase from
(b) Is not for spoiled-brats like you
the above passage that can be an example of
(c) Is only ever going to bless people like me
metaphor.
(d) Only comes to those who work hard to achieve it
(a) “…labour is also one of the basic requirements…” (d) Success is the acquiring of knowledge through
(b) “… they are our stepping-stones…” whichever method possible.
(c) “It is the first step on the ladder of success.” (vii) Choose the option that lists the quote best
(d) Both (b) and (c) expressing the central idea of the passage.
(vi) Which of the following shows the correct meaning (a) Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the
of the phrase – “Whatever be the meaning of key to success. (Albert Schweitzer)
success”? (b) A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation
(a) Success means to become powerful, rich and with the bricks others have thrown at him. (David
famous. Brinkley)
(b) Success can mean different thing to different (c) The successful warrior is the average man, with
people. laser-like focus. (Bruce Lee)
(c) Success is the acquiring of money through whichever (d) Success is the result of perfection, hard work, learning
method possible. from failure, loyalty, and persistence. (Colin Powell)
Passage 8
1. In the days gone by, heroes emerged when wars broke out and messiahs appeared when decadence overtook
societies. Through the centuries, adversities have inspired people to rise to the occasion and display special
skills which have earned them the label of a leader.
2. The driving force behind a leader’s actions and behaviour is his instinct. It guides silently, telling him what to
do, which way to go and how to develop skills that can enable him to overcome any challenge that life proposes.
Abraham Lincoln failed in almost all his endeavours through his life. And yet his instinct urged him to keep
trying, finally culminating in earning him the highest seat of political leadership in America.
3. So what is instinct? Is it genetic, or is it cultivated? Instinct is what drives a newborn into sensing that he is
hungry or cold, making him cry for help.
4. It can be best described as a compass of objective observation, although born with it, we tend to lose touch with
our instinct as we grow older.
5. If everybody is born with this sense, why is it that some people become leaders and others don’t? Firstly,
external circumstances greatly dictate our evolution. All people who are deprived of opportunities to develop
their latent abilities fail to grow into leaders.
6. The second reason relates to internal attitude. There are many people who, despite being blessed with all the
right opportunities, still fail. This is because they are insensitive to their own instincts, ignoring all the signals
that can enable them to act appropriately. Listening is a critical skill that needs to be evolved over time. While
our earlier experiences enable us to list and put evaluated choices, it is eventually our instinct that helps us in
determining which one to go for. At such times, people who are tuned in to their instincts are more likely to
make the right decisions than those who are not. Instinct is like a psychomotor. When a leader gives his team an
emotionally charged speech in the attempt to motivate them into action, he can invariably tell even before he
has completed it, whether or not he has succeeded. In fact, right through the process of speaking, he is
constantly modulating his behaviour.
7. Leadership is a quest for doing the right things, a quest that is initiated not for fulfilling one’s own selfish needs
but for the greater good of all concerned. (409 words)
Questions (c) If cultivated properly, instincts can help a person be
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any very successful.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (d) If cultivated properly, instincts can help a person
modulate their behaviour.
option.
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, dialogue with reference to the above passage.
is the greatest lesson being learnt about instincts?
Jyoti: I didn’t get many opportunities in life to help
(a) If cultivated properly, instincts can help a person
become a great leader. develop my leadership skills. Thus, my father’s
(b) If cultivated properly, instincts can help a person entire business went to my younger sister.
make proper observation. Uday: I am sorry to hear that. I myself was
................. failed to become a leader.
(a) Full of self doubt which is why I (b) Being at high risk is a second-to-last stage of coronary
(b) Tried very hard to improve my skills and as a result, heart disease.
(c) Filled with courage and determination but (c) When the builders dug into the ground, they
(d) In a different boat as you and discovered a quite dormant source of oil.
(iii) Choose the option that best conveys the message in (d) The plainly palpable opposition was aroused by the
Vatican decrees.
– ‘…reason relates to internal attitude’.
(a) A person’s behaviour towards their instincts is not (vi) Which of the following is shown by the example of
really important. Abraham Lincoln?
(b) A person’s behaviour towards their instincts is equally (a) That he was a great man.
important. (b) That he was a President of the USA.
(c) A person’s behaviour towards their surroundings is (c) That he trusted his instincts and acted accordingly.
equally important. (d) That he was calculative and never did a thing without
(d) A person’s behaviour towards the opportunities is not thinking.
really important.
(iv) What qualities do Abraham Lincoln display that expressing the central idea of the passage.
eventually made him the president of the USA?
(a) Trust your own instinct. Your mistakes might as
Choose one option from the following: well be your own, instead of someone else’s.
(a) Hard work (Billy Wilder)
(b) Determination to help other (b) There is no instinct like that of the heart.
(c) Self-sacrificing attitude towards life (Lord Byron)
(d) Never give up trying (c) Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They
(v) Select the option with the underlined words that can discover everything except the obvious. (Oscar
can suitably replace ‘latent’ (paragraph 5). Wilde)
(a) The obviously active heat of vaporisation of mercury (d) I would rather trust a woman’s instinct than a man’s
was found by Marignac to be 103 to 106. reason. (Stanley Baldwin)
Passage 9
1. The therapeutic value and healing powers of plants were demonstrated to me when I was a boy of about ten.
I had developed an acute persistent abdominal pain that did not respond readily to hospital medication. My
mother had taken me to the city’s central hospital on several occasions, where different drugs were tried on me.
In total desperation, she took me to Egya Mensa, a well-known herbalist in my hometown in the Western
province of Ghana.
2. After a brief interview, he went out to the field. He returned with several leaves and the bark of a tree and one
of his attendants immediately prepared a decoction. I was given a glass of this preparation, it tasted extremely
bitter, but within an hour or so I began to feel relieved. Within about three days, the frequent abdominal pain
stopped and I recall gaining a good appetite. I have appreciated the healing powers of medicinal plants ever
since.
3. In fact, demographic studies by various national governments and inter-governmental organisations such as the
World Health Organisation (WHO) indicate that for 75 to 90 per cent of the rural populations of the world, the
herbalist is the only person who handles their medical problems.
4. In African culture, traditional medical practitioners are always considered to be influential, spiritual leaders as
well, using magic and religion along with medicines. Illness is handled with the individual’s hidden spiritual
powers and with application of plants that have been found especially to contain healing powers.
5. Over the years I have come to distinguish three types of medicinal practitioners in African societies and to
classify the extent to which each uses medicinal plants. The first is the herbalist, who generally enjoys the
prestige and reputation of being the real traditional medical professional. The second group represents the
divine healers. They are fetish priests whose practice depends upon their purported supernatural powers of
diagnosis. Thirdly, the witch doctor, the practitioner who is credited with the ability to intercept the evil deeds
of a witch.
6. From the drugstores in New Delhi, I picked up some well-packaged bark and roots of Rauwolfia Serpentina, a
plant that was very well known in ancient Asiatic medicine. The storekeeper said that it cures hypertension.
7. For health, social and economic reasons, it seems clear that developing countries should begin an extensive
programme aimed at an examination and research into the properties of the most important medicinal plants. In
most countries, the information on such plants is dispersed and unorganised. Much of it is in the heads of aging
herbalists, who represent a dying breed.
(Adapted from Edward S. Ayensu-Worldwide Role of the Healing Power of Plants) (446 words)
Questions (d) In spring 2008, a controversy erupted regarding the
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any mystical dangers of consuming too much soy.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (iv) A Compound Noun is a word which if made up of
option. two or more existing words.
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, is From the options given below, select a compound
the greatest lesson to be learnt from the story of noun that appears in the above passage.
how Egya Mensa helped the author? (a) Unorganised
(a) Healing powers of medicinal plants should not be (b) Illness
exaggerated. (c) Drugstore
(b) Healing powers of medicinal plants should be (d) Decoction
questioned. (v) Select the qualities that a ‘divine healer’ would
(c) Healing powers of medicinal plants should not be display based on the author’s description.
underestimated.
(1) Fake (2) Helping
(d) Only allopathic medicines should be trusted with
severe cases. (3) Fraudulent (4) Manipulative
(5) Guileless
dialogue with reference to the above passage. (a) 2 and 5 (b) 1, 4 and 5
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 3 and 4
Akshat: I can only trust modern medicines with any
kind of disease. They have a proper and trustworthy (vi) What does the writer advise the developing
method of treatment, unlike herbal medicine which countries to do?
can never truly cure anything. (a) Maintain the information on medicinal plants in an
unorganised manner.
Rhea: I don’t agree with you. I’ve heard of instance (b) Research the properties of the medicinal plants.
where ................. . (c) Disperse the information on medicinal plants.
(a) Herbal medicine has saved lives when drugs couldn’t (d) All of the above
(b) Herbal medicine has taken lives
(c) Herbal medicine has accelerated the affliction
expressing the central idea of the passage.
(d) None of the above
(a) Nature itself is the best physician. (Hippocrates)
(iii) Select the option with the underlined words that (b) The plants have enough vision to transform our
can suitably replace ‘purported’ (paragraph 5). limited vision. (Rosemary Gladstar)
(a) The range includes products that are dyed using a (c) It can accurately be said that plants created,
natural water based dye that is completely confirmed and continue to create, the world we live in. (David
not to fade. Crow)
(b) However, since its introduction, its without proof (d) Often, people take herbal medicines for physical
advantages have been widely known. response, but what they find is that the body also
(c) Doing so may render invalid any illegally acquired responds in an emotional way to the plant medicine
acceptance of the Offer. that they’re taking. (Karen Rose)
Passage 10
1. Frankness may be among the most overrated of virtues! And here’s why. Because unrestricted and unfiltered
frankness is a recipe for breaking relationships, even the closest ones. Such frankness is understandable,
acceptable and even ‘cute’ only in children under the age of five.
2. Thinking before one speaks and using restraint are hallmarks of growing maturity and preparation for life.
Learning to put a filter between thought and spoken word (and, even more importantly, written word) is an
important life skill. Think is a popular acronym for Trúe, Helpful, Inspiring, Necessary and Kind. This would do
wonderfully well as a filter in our minds.
3. It is good to speak what’s true, but only along with the other attributes in the acronym, particularly the last one,
kindness. In the righteous glow of speaking what we see as the truth, we often forget to be kind. We blurt out
‘truths’ even when it is totally unhelpful and unnecessary to do so, let alone inspiring! Too often, such
truth–telling is destructive rather than noble. Only those who do not care about the consequences can afford the
luxury of ‘speaking their minds’ whenever and wherever they please. When relationships are at stake, it is
essential to choose the time, place and words appropriately when imparting unpleasant truths. And even then,
only when absolutely necessary and with the utmost kindness.
4. Speaking without forethought can be even more dangerous in other circumstances, for example, when someone
has entrusted us with a secret. A sign of maturity is the ability to keep a secret. Very young children are
incapable of understanding the concept of a secret. To them, every piece of information is interesting, new and
meant to be shared. As we grow older, we all learn how to keep a secret, but too often we keep only our own
secrets and not those that others confide in us. We may blurt out something a friend told us in confidence,
perhaps carelessly but often to appear important in other people’s estimation. It gives us a sense of power to
know something that our friends don’t, and it requires conscious effort to keep the information to ourselves.
5. But this is the real test of an important life skill: self–restraint. Revealing a friend’s secret is betrayal of the
friendship. It may lead to gossip spreading like a wildfire, destroying peace of mind and even lives. Words
thoughtlessly spoken can bring the end of the world.
6. Of course it is important to communicate. But it is far more important to be considerate and compassionate.
Speaking well is a skill: speaking kindly is a life skill. (442 words)
Questions (c) Destroy everything in the path.
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any (d) Cause the demise of everyone who knows about the
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct secret.
option. (iv) Which of the following is the writer warning against
(i) According to the author, what, from the following, is in paragraph 4?
the greatest lesson being taught by the acronym (a) Exercising power that our friends don’t possess
‘think’? (b) Concealing a friend’s secret
(a) Necessary truths must be shared. (c) Learning other people’s secret
(b) Truth must always be shared with others. (d) Disclosing a friend’s secret to others
(c) Only necessary truths should be shared and with (v) Select the option with the underlined words that
kindness. can suitably replace ‘hallmark’ (paragraph 2).
(d) People should always keep their friends’ secrets. (a) No doubt they will show the stoical fortitude that
(ii) Select the option that suitably completes the is the failed example of their state and carry on
eating.
(b) Clarity, freshness and taut rhythms were the notorious
Prachi: I should just tell my sister about our specimens of Beethoven.
parents’ divorce, don’t you think? She is going to (c) Neutral colors and simple, luxurious bathroom
find out about it in a few days anyway. decorations are a distinctive feature of this style.
Anita: No, you shouldn’t tell her. It is not your place (d) Complimenting ideas have been in the greeting card
as it is not your secret. .............. . business for a century.
(a) Let your parents suffer her temper tantrum after (vi) Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which words are
telling her exaggerated in order to impress the readers.
(b) Let your parents tell her. They will be able to explain From the options given below, select a
better phrase/sentence from the above passage that can be
(c) She should find it from me, her best friend an example of hyperbole.
(d) She knows they fight all the time. I’m sure she
(a) “Frankness may be among the most overrated of
might’ve already guessed
virtues”
(iii) Choose the option that best conveys the message in (b) “Speaking kindly is a life skill”
– ‘spreading like a wildfire’. (c) “Words thoughtlessly spoken can bring the end of the
(a) Taking time and slowly affecting everyone. world.”
(b) Become known very quickly. (d) “Gossip spreading like a wildfire”
(vii) Choose the option that lists the quote best (c) One thing I do know for a fact is that the nicer we are
expressing the central idea of the passage. to our fellow human beings, the nicer the universe is
(a) Kind words can be short and easy to speak but their to us. (Joe Rogan)
echoes are truly endless. (Mother Teresa) (d) Kindness is more than deeds. It is in attitude, an
(b) Love and kindness are never wasted. They always make expression, a look, a touch. It is anything that lifts
a difference. They bless the one who receives them, and another person. (Plato)
they bless you, the giver. (Barbara de Angelis)
Answers and Explanations

PASSAGE 1 (iii) (d) “People got the chance to connect with their
(i) (c) ‘Desultory’ means lacking of a definite plan or families”–gives the correct meaning of the
aimless. sentence in the question.
The passage suggests that a nation without a (iv) (d) ‘Hard working’ and ‘determined’ are the qualities
vision is ‘aimless’, like a ship cruising without children of today’s world display during their
direction. summer vacations.
(ii) (b) The passage talks about the unified efforts of (v) (b) ‘Scurry’ means to make haste. Hence, the sentence
diversified people which will make India a great in option (b) contains the words that can suitably
nation. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. replace ‘scurried’.
(iii) (a) “A person is a coward because they think they (vi) (c) ‘Working vacation’ is an oxymoron.
are”–gives the correct meaning of the given (vii) (b) During the summer vacations, the author wants us
sentence. to be ‘acceptive’ and ‘forgiving’.
(iv) (c) ‘Visionary’ and ‘confident’ are the qualities that the
author displays while talking about taking the PASSAGE 4
necessary steps to build our nation’s strength. (i) (b) The greatest lesson to be learnt from the given
(v) (d) ‘Driving’ means exerting force or motivating force. passage is that appropriate steps must be taken to
Hence, the sentence in option (d) contains the ensure that any construction that happens follows
words that can replace ‘driving’. the environmental norms.
(vi) (a) According to the paragraph 7, the author advises to (ii) (d) According to the given passage, option (d) is
strengthen the nation’s technological strength. suitable to complete the dialogue.
(vii) (c) The quote in option (c) best expresses the central (iii) (c) “Due to presence of many trees, the South Delhi
idea of the passage. area provides oxygen for most of the city”–is the
correct meaning of the sentence in the question.
PASSAGE 2 (iv) (a) ‘Shrewd’ and ‘self-serving’ are the qualities talked
(i) (b) Finding and preserving artifacts is integral to about in the question.
knowing more about our cultural past is the lesson (v) (a) ‘Smog’ is portmanteav of smoke and fog.
taught by excavations. (vi) (a) (1) and (3) gives the qualities mentioned in the line
(ii) (d) According to given passage, both options (a) and in the question.
(b) are appropriate to complete the dialogue. (vii) (c) The idiom ‘treat/handle’ with kid gloves means to
(iii) (a) The sentence in option (a) gives the same meaning deal gently and tactfully with someone.
as the sentence in the question.
(iv) (b) The people in the profession of archaeology can be PASSAGE 5
said to be seekers of knowledge. (i) (c) The greatest lesson being taught by the author is
(v) (c) ‘Clandestine’ means secret or secretly conducted. that every person creates their own destiny.
Hence, the sentence in option (c) contains the (ii) (a) According to the passage, option (a) is the correct
words that can suitably replace ‘clandestine’. answer.
(vi) (c) ‘ Archaeology’ means a study of human activity (iii) (d) Happenstance refers to a situation of coincidence.
through recovery and analysis of material culture. Hence, only option (d) is not an example of such a
(vii) (b) The author seems to be business-minded, sharp situation.
and clever. (iv) (a) ‘self assessment’ and ‘devotion’ are the qualities
the sanyasis and Brahmacharyas imbibe on their
PASSAGE 3 quest of spiritual growth.
(i) (b) The lesson being taught by the author’s mention of (v) (d) ‘Entangle’ means twisted together. Hence, the
the summer holidays of the older times is that it was sentence in option (d) contains the words that can
a time when everyone went back to their homes replace ‘entangle’.
and relaxed. (vi) (d) ‘Individualistic’ and ‘Introspective’ are the qualities
(ii) (a) According to the given passage, option (a) is the that the author want us to imbibe.
correct answer. (vii) (c) The quote in option (c) best expresses the central
idea of the passage.
PASSAGE 6 (iv) (d) The ‘never-giving-up’ and trying attitude was

displayed by Abraham Lincoln that eventually
(i) (b) The greatest lesson being taught by the Vedic period
made him the President of the USA.
is that girls and boys should be treated equally.
(v) (c) ‘Latent’ means ‘quite dormant’. Hence, the
(ii) (c) According to the passage option (c) “don’t want me
sentence in option (c) contains the words
to study any further” is appropriate to complete the
appropriate to replace ‘latent’.
dialogue.
(vi) (c) By the example of Abraham Lincoln, it is being
(iii) (a) By the phrase ‘emancipation of women’, the author
shown that he trusted his instincts and acted
means the liberation of women from their previous
accordingly.
deteriorating condition.
(vii) (a) The quote in option (a) best expresses the central
(iv) (c) The social reformers were determined to help and
protect others.
(v) (b) ‘Fervently’s means passionately. Hence, the PASSAGE 9
sentence in option (b) contains the words
(i) (c) The greatest lesson to be learnt from the story of
appropriate to replace ‘fervently’.
Egya Mensa and the author is that the healing
(vi) (d) ‘Child marriage’, ‘domestic violence’ and powers of medicinal plants should not be
‘female foeticide’ will be cured by the education of underestimated.
women.
(ii) (a) “Herbal medicine has saved lives when drugs
(vii) (c) The quote in option (c) best expresses the central couldn’t” is appropriate to complete the dialogue.
idea of the given passage.
(iii) (b) ‘Purported’ means allegedly true or a claim; without
proof. Hence, the sentence in option (b) contains
PASSAGE 7
the words appropriate to replace ‘purported’.
(i) (a) Keenness and the urge to be successful are the first
(iv) (c) ‘Drugstore’, formed from two nouns ‘drug’ and
steps in on the journey to achieve success.
‘store’, is a compound noun.
(ii) (d) The phrase given in option (d) appropriately
(v) (d) A ‘divine healer’ would display the qualities of
completes the dialogue.
fakeness, fraudulence and manipulation, according
(iii) (b) “Achieving success feels like a person’s life’s to the author’s description.
purpose is fulfiled”–gives the meaning of the
(vi) (b) The author advises to the developing countries
sentence in the question.
to research the properties of medicinal plants.
(iv) (a) ‘Persistance’ means continual effort to achieve
(vii) (a) The quote in option (a) best expresses the central
something. Hence, option (a) contains the
sentence that uses the words appropriately.
(v) (d) The figure of speech metaphor is used in both the PASSAGE 10
phrases in option (b) and (c). Hence, option (d) is
(i) (c) The greatest lesson being taught by the acronym
the correct answer.
‘think’ is that only necessary truths should be
(vi) (b) “Success can means different thing to different shared and that too, with kindness.
people”–is the correct meaning of the phrase given
(ii) (b) ‘Let your parents tell her’. They will be able to explain
in the question.
better’ is appropriate to complete the dialogue.
(vii) (d) The quote given in option (d) but expresses the
(iii) (b) ‘To become known very quickly’ best expresses the
central idea of the passage.
message in ‘spreading like a wildfire’.
PASSAGE 8 (iv) (d) The writer is warning against disclosing a friend’s
secret to others, in paragraph 4.
(i) (a) The greatest lesson being learnt about instincts is
that if cultivated properly, they can help a person (v) (c) ‘Hallmark’ means a distinctive feature. Hence, the
become a great leader. sentence in option (c) contains the appropriate
(ii) (c) “Filled with courage and determination but” is words to replace ‘hallmark’.
appropriate to complete the dialogue. (vi) (c) The sentence in option (c) uses the figure of speech
(iii) (b) “A person’s behaviour towards their instincts is hyperbole.
equally important” is the correct meaning of the (vii) (a) The quote in option (a) best expresses the central
phrase given in the question. idea of the passage.
!
Case Based Factual Passages
Read the passages given below carefully.
Passage 1
1. India’s population is expected to grow by 25%, with reference to 2011, to 1.52 billion by 2036, according to the
final report of the technical group on population projections dated July 2020. The group was constituted by the
National Commission on Population (NCP) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare with the mandate
to provide population projections for the period 2011 to 2036.
2. India’s population growth rate is expected to decline to its lowest since the Independence in the 2011-2021
decade, with a decadal growth rate of 12.5%. It will decline further to 8.4% in the 2021-2031 decade, as per the
report, which The Wire has seen. According to these projections, India will overtake China as the world’s most
populous country around 2031 – almost a decade later than the United Nations projection of 2022.
India’s population is projected to increase to 1.52 billion by 2036.
0
1.4
1.2
Population (in billions)
0.0
0.8
0.4
0.2
0
2021 2011
2028 2018
2031 2038
Year
Source: Report of the technical group on population projections
3. The projections have been delayed quite significantly. “Ideally, they should have come by 2016. But there were
delays in setting up the committee and then more delays at the government’s end even after we submitted the
report. We had submitted our report in November 2019,” said a member of the committee wishing to remain
anonymous. This was confirmed by two other members as well.
4. India’s population was 1.21 billion as per the Census of 2011 and the projections now estimate that the
population will grow by 311 million by 2036.
5. The report projects that as much as 70% of this increase will be in urban areas. India’s urban population will
increase from 377 million in 2011 to 594 million in 2036 – a growth of 57%. So, while 31% of Indians were living
in urban India in 2011,that will grow to 39% by 2036.
6. Consequently, the proportion of the rural population will decline from 69% to 61% as the urban population is
projected to increase more than twice the projected increase in the rural population. (321 Words)
Questions (a) Population projections for 2036
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any five (b) Population projections for 2011
out of the seven questions by choosing the correct option. (c) Population projections for 2011-2036
(i) The purpose of the above report was to give ........... (d) Population projections for 2031
Choose the correct option.
(ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements (iv) According to the research, rural population will
given below. ................. .
(1) India will become the most populous country in the (a) Decline as compared to the urban population’s growth
world by 2031. (b) Increase as compared to the urban population’s growth
(2) China’s population will diminish owing to increasing (c) Remain the same as at present
deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic. (d) None of the above
(a) (1) is the result of (2) (v) Select the option which gives the number by which
(b) (1) is the reason for (2) the population of India is estimated to grow by 2036.
(c) (1) is independent of (2) (a) 377 million (b) 311 million
(d) (1) is true (2) is false (c) 594 million (d) 1.21 billion
(iii) Select the option that gives the correct meaning of (vi) Why did the projections come in July of 2020?
the following statement. (a) Delay in setting up the committee
“It will decline further to 8.4% in the 2021-2031 (b) Delay by the government
decade…” (c) Delay by the committee
(a) India’s population growth rate is expected to decline (d) Both (a) and (b)
drastically. (vii) This passage contains the decadal growth rate for
(b) India’s mortality rate is expected to decline drastically. the decade 2011-2021, which is .......... . Select the
(c) India’s infancy rate is expected to decline drastically. correct option.
(d) India’s population is expected to decline drastically. (a) 8.4% (b) 12.5% (c) 57% (d) 25%
Passage 2
1. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder affecting more than 21 million people worldwide which is
characterised by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behaviour. Common
experiences include hallucinations and delusions which involve having fixed, false beliefs.
2. Since schizophrenia is a chronic illness that influences virtually all aspects of life of affected persons, treatment
planning has three goals which are to reduce or eliminate symptoms, to maximise quality of life and adaptive
functioning and to promote and maintain recovery from the debilitating effects of illness to the maximum extent
possible. Medications are invaluable in the management of patients with mental illnesses. Pharmacists are
therefore indispensable in improving the quality of service rendered to patients with mental illnesses such as
schizophrenia which contributes to reduction of the numerous problems associated with and faced by patients
with mental disorders.
3. Management of patients with conditions such as schizophrenia is generally a collaborative effort which
encompasses incorporation of skills of a myriad of health care professionals involved in patient care. Clinical
pharmacists have been instrumental in several roles such as being educators, consultants and providers for over
30 years. Since pharmacists are authorities in pharmaceutical care, they also apply their complementary skills
and knowledge in managing patients with mental illnesses together with other health care professionals in the
multidisciplinary team. Clinical pharmacists as such contribute to patient care by playing a vital role in the
detection, resolution and prevention of medication-related problems. In ensuring the safe and efficacious use of
medications, clinical pharmacists are also pivotal. In addition, pharmacists are available to provide
comprehensive drug information to patients with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, the patient’s relatives
and other health care professionals involved in patient management. Pharmacists spearhead medication
adherence and are involved in education on primary prevention of mental illnesses, health promotion and
lifestyle modification. (307 Words)
Questions (c) Schizophrenia and its cure
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any (d) Schizophrenic people and their behaviour
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements
option. given below.
(i) The purpose of this passage was to study the ........ . (1) People face distortions in thinking, lose the sense of
Choose the correct option. self and start seeing things that are not really there.
(a) Schizophrenia and its benefits (2) Schizophrenia is a mental illness that is affecting
(b) Schizophrenia and its treatment more than 21 million people in the world.
(a) (1) is the result of (2). (3) Stop hallucinations

(b) (1) is the reason for (2). (4) To increase the quality of life
(c) (1) is independent of (2). (5) To promote recovery
(d) (1) is true (2) is false. (6) To fix a person’s thinking
(iii) Complete the sentence to give correct meaning of (a) 2, 4 and 6
the following phrase. (b) 1, 2 and 6
“Common experiences include hallucinations and (c) 1, 4 and 5
delusions…” (d) 2, 3 and 5
As a result of schizophrenia, people ................ . (vi) What are the clinical pharmacists involved in
(a) Start feeling the sudden urge to kill someone besides making sure that medication is strictly
(b) Start behaving erratically and irrationally followed?
(c) Start seeing and hearing things and have mistaken
(a) Education on preventing the mental illness
beliefs
(b) Promoting a healthy life
(d) Start feeling unreasonably jovial and ecstatic
(c) Modifying lifestyle in accordance with the treatment
(iv) According to the research, managing the suffering (d) All of the above
patients requires a ............. .
(vii) This passage suggests that clinical pharmacists
(a) Single-handed effort by incorporating skills.
(b) Joint effort of health care professionals.
provide ............ to patients suffering from mental
(c) Educational degree in psychology. illness.
(d) Sympathetic treatment by surrounding people. Select the correct option.
(v) Select the option listing the objectives of treatment (a) Comprehensive drug information
of schizophrenia. (b) A complete booklet of information
(1) Reduce symptoms (c) Professionally administered syringes with drugs
(d) Step-by-step procedure of cure
(2) To set suffering mind straight
Passage 3
1. On the eve of International Youth Day, which is observed globally every year on 12th August, experts and policy
commentators in India have called for more steps by the government to create employment opportunities.
2. According to a 2011 Census, people aged 15-24 comprise one-fifth or 19% of India’s total population. Multiple
reports, however, indicate that the number of unemployed youth in the South Asian country is rising.
3. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, a think tank, said India’s labor participation rate in May was 40%,
with 15 million jobs lost in the month. “May 2021 is also the fourth consecutive month of a fall in employment.
The cumulative fall in employment since January 2021 is 25.3 million. Employment in January 2021 was 400.7
million. This has dropped to 375.5 million,” said the report published in June.
4. Similarly, The Financial Express, a leading business daily, recently reported that according to the International
Labour Organisation’s database, India’s unemployment rate rose to 7.11% in 2020 – the highest in at least three
decades.
5. “High rates of unemployment are dangerous. If you have so many unemployed people, it means they are neither
saving nor consuming. This has a direct impact on economic growth and the country’s economic potential,”
Rajrishi Singhal, a policy consultant who has also worked at the country’s top financial newspapers, told
Anadolu Agency.
Ritu Dewan, vice president of the Indian Society of Labour Economics, said the situation has further worsened
due to COVID-19.
6. “Unemployment was there even before the pandemic, but now the situation has turned from bad to worse,”
Dewan, who is also a former director of the Department of Economics at the University of Mumbai, told
Anadolu Agency.
She said that several reports of late have pointed out that unemployment among both men and women is very
high in the country and “we need to take steps urgently.”
7. The government has acknowledged that virus lockdowns have affected economies across the globe, including
that of India. Earlier this month, Prime Minister Narendra Modi asked industry representatives to look at ways
to increase exports, a move that could help boost employment. (346 Words)
CMIE Series of Unemployment: Unemployment Rate (UER) (>=15)
25
20
15
10
0
Jan Jun Nov Apr Sep Feb Jul Dec May Oct Mar Aug Jan Sep
Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd
Questions (c) Unemployed people have a positive effect on the

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any country’s economic potential.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (d) Employed people have a harmful yet positive effect on
the country’s economic potential.
option.
(iv) According to the ILO report, India’s unemployment
(i) The purpose of above passage is to focus on .......... .
rate ......... .
(a) Fell to the lowest in the last 30 years
(a) The decreasing problem of youth unemployment in
India (b) Rose to the highest in the last 3 years
(b) The increasing problem of youth employment in (c) Rose to the highest in the last 30 years
India (d) Fell to the lowest in the last 3 years
(c) The increasing problem of youth unemployment in (v) Select the option listing the organisations/people
India who commented on the problem of youth
(d) The decreasing problem of youth employment in India unemployment, according to the passage.
(ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements (1) Department of Economics
given below. (2) ILO
(1) COVID-19 lockdown contributed to the already (3) The Financial Express
worsening situation. (4) Anadolu Agency
(2) The unemployment rate in India has risen over the (5) Ritu Diwan
past year.
(a) 2, 3 and 5 (b) 1, 4 and 5
(a) (1) is the result of (2)
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
(b) (1) is the reason for (2)
(c) (1) is independent of (2) (vi) What did PM Modi ask the industry representatives
(d) (1) contradicts (2) to do?
(iii) Select the option that gives the correct meaning of (a) To boost employment (b) To hire more people
the following statement. (c) To increase exports (d) To educate the youth
“This has a direct impact on economic growth and (vii) The passage mentions that the unemployment rate
the country’s economic potential.” in India rose to ................ in 2020. Select the
correct option.
(a) Employed people have a harmful effect on the
country’s economic potential. (a) 19% (b) 40%
(b) Unemployed people have a harmful effect on the (c) 7.11% (d) 25.3%
country’s economic potential.
Passage 4
1. Sprouts relatively contain the largest amount of nutrients per unit of any food known to man. Sprouts produce a
fountain of power for chemical changes. Enzymes are produced, starch gets converted into glucose, protein is
transformed into amino acids and vitamin value increases. In fact, a new explosion of life force takes place.
According to Dr Bailey of the University of Minnesota, USA, the vitamin C value of wheat increases 600% in the
early sprouting period. Dr CR Shaw of the University of Texas Cancer Centre found that cancer was inhibited
upto 90% when healthy bacteria were exposed to a cancer causing substance in the presence of a juice made
from wheat sprouts.
2. Enzymes, which initiate and control almost every chemical reaction in our bodies, are greatly activated in the
sprouting process. Enzymes spark the entire digestive system to synthesise the nutrients in our food into blood.
They are the key to longevity.
3. Sprouts are enjoyed more when they are fresh. Mix sprouts with other foods and dressing according to your
taste and enjoy eating them. But you must eat them every day you will soon realise that making sprouts a part of
your diet has a dramatic effect on your health. With this live food, all the cells of your body will become active
and agile.
4. The nourishment which develops as the sprouts grow is very stable and can be frozen or dried for future.
Sprouted potato or tomato seeds are likely to be poisonous. Alfalfa and moong bean sprouts are excellent soft
food. They are almost predigested and can be easily assimilated even by the children and the elderly. They
contain every known vitamin in perfect balance necessary for the human body.
Health Benefits of Sprouts

Aid in digestion
Boost immune system
Aid in weight management
Protect body against cancer
Improve blood circulation in body
Help to reduce risk of heart ailments
Help in growth and development of body
Reduce risk of neural tube defects in infants
Help to prevent cataracts and mascular degeneration
Inhibit growth of cold sores and reduce effect of allergic
reactions and asthma
Caution : Wash well before use to prevent any type of microbial infection
Questions (iv) The qualities of sprouts as mentioned in the last

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any para of the passage are
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct I. excellent soft food
option. II. predigested
(i) Which element initiates chemical reaction in our III. can be easily assimilated
body? IV. contain poisonous element
(a) Enzymes (b) Sprouts Codes
(c) Bacteria (d) Vitamins (a) I and II
(b) I, II and III
(ii) According to Dr CR Shaw, cancer was inhibited
(c) III and IV
upto …… with the help of sprouts.
(d) I, III and IV
(a) 80% (b) 90%
(c) 20% (d) 95% (v) The word ……… from the passage means absorb of
‘digest’.
(iii) As per the passage eating sprouts is good for
(a) assimilated
(a) children
(b) predigest
(b) adults
(c) dried
(c) the elderly
(d) soft
(d) All of these
(vi) Choose the option that lists the statement that is (vii) Which of the following is not a step in the sprouting
NOT TRUE. process?
(a) Sprouts contain hard proteins that are not easily digested. (a) Production of enzymes.
(b) The perfect balance of the vitamins in the body can be (b) Conversion of starch into glucose.
obtained from sprouts. (c) Release of essential vitamins.
(c) In the sprouting process, enzymes are greatly activated. (d) Transformation of protein into amino acids.
(d) All of the above
Passage 5
1. Worsening air pollution has been amongst India’s most pressing problems in recent years. Toxic air is not only a
massive health and environmental concern, but also takes a huge economic toll: it impedes development and
affects people’s welfare. According to the Health Effects Institute, in 2015, over 1.1 million premature deaths in
India were caused by air pollution. In 2019, air pollution led to about 18 per cent of all deaths in the country. In
the same year, it resulted in an economic loss of approximately 1.4 per cent of GDP. Studies have identified the
severely negative impacts of air pollution across a multitude of sectors, including labour productivity and crop
yields.
2. Indeed, India’s air quality has deteriorated exponentially in the past few decades, due to various reasons
including rapid urbanisation, industrialisation and population growth. According to IQAir, in 2020, India ranked
third amongst all countries in the world with the worst air quality. The Northern regions alone are home to no
less than 13 of the 15 most polluted cities in the world.
3. Governments have initiated policy initiatives and created regulatory agencies and other institutions all meant to
combat air pollution; they are highly inadequate. The current scenario shows a need for better and more
effective ways of improving air quality across the country, especially in the densest and most populated urban
spaces. One imperative is to ramp up the role of technology and encourage the private sector to engage in
partnerships between each other, and with the government, to tackle air pollution. It is equally important to
involve the grassroots, especially the most vulnerable populations, through community-based initiatives.
4. Any effort, however, must begin with accurate and timely information on air pollution. This will ensure that
awareness is heightened about the magnitude of the crisis and its manifold impacts. Disseminating proper,
adequate information should also seek to inspire individual action, and a collective commitment to a future
where there is clean air for all. (323 Words)
Questions (iii) Which of the following is true about the toxicity of air?
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any (a) It causes increase in labour and crop yields.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (b) It doesn’t have any effect on the economic growth of
option. the country.
(c) It causes decrease in labour and crop yields.
(i) The purpose of the above passage is to ............. . (d) It resulted in an increase in GDP by 1.4 per cent.
(iv) According to the research, ............. in India owing
(a) Improve the air quality in India
to air pollution.
(b) Highlight the issue of bad quality of air in India
(a) More than 1.1 million people died timely deaths
(c) Suggest necessary steps to be taken to improve the
bad air quality in India (b) Almost 1.1 million people died untimely deaths
(c) More than 1.1 million people died untimely deaths
(d) Show the harmful effects of air pollution
(d) Almost than 1.1 million people died timely deaths
(ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements
(v) Select the option listing severe effects of unclean
given below.
and toxic air.
(1) The Government of India has taken several steps
(1) It is an obstacle in development.
and measures to deal with the problem of air
(2) It kills people with the help of harmful gases.
pollution.
(3) It causes numerous health problems.
(2) Finally, the initiatives have shown positive results
(4) It badly affects the economy of a country.
and the air quality has become much better.
(5) It destructs any and all government initiatives.
(a) (1) is the result of (2) (b) (1) is the reason for (2) (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) (1) is independent of (2) (d) (1) is true (2) is false (c) 2, 3 and 5 (d) 2, 4 and 1
(vi) How can the problem of air pollution be dealt with? According to paragraph 4, at which level actions
(a) By encouraging private sectors to come together and should be taken against the increasing crisis of air
use technology to deal with it. toxicity?
(b) By encouraging private sector to come together with (a) At individual level with a collaborative commitment.
the government and use technology to tackle with the
(b) At ground level with an individual effort and
problem.
commitment.
(c) By involving people from the ground level.
(c) At authoritative level with better initiatives and
(d) All of the above
policy.
(vii) Choose the correct option to answer the (d) At scientific level with creation of a antidote.
following.
Passage 6
1. India is home to an estimated 10% of the global Snow Leopard population spread across five Himalayan states
of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh which is only 5% of the
available global habitat for the animal.
2. Project Snow Leopard was introduced in India by the Project Snow Leopard Committee instituted by the
Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, in the year 2009 to safeguard and conserve India’s
unique natural heritage of high altitude wildlife populations and their habitats by promoting conservation
through participatory policies and actions.
3. Project Tiger and Project Elephant is prevalent in India with the former introduced in 1973 garnering
worldwide attention.
4. The Snow Leopard usually occurs at an altitude of >2700m above sea level and is the apex predator in the
Himalayan Region along with the Tibetan Wolf. The project is not only to protect the Snow Leopard, but as with
Project Tiger, it is considered an umbrella species and with its protection, comes the protection of other species
and the habitat which they are all a part of.
5. Top 3 National Parks in India where the Snow Leopard can likely be seen
(i) Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary – Himachal Pradesh (ii) Ulley Valley – Ladakh
(iii) Hemis National Park – Himachal Pradesh
The reasons for introduction of Project Snow Leopard are as follows
(i) High altitudes of India > 3000m including the Himalayan & Trans-himalayan biogeographic zones support
a unique wildlife assemblage of global conservation.
(ii) There has been relatively less attention on the region from the viewpoint of wildlife conservation.
(iii) The region represents a vast rangeland system supporting important traditional pastoral economies and
lifestyles.
PROJECT SNOW
LEOPARD
UNCIA UNCIA
SCIENTIFIC NAME
VULNERABLE
IUCN STATUS
2009
INTRODUCTION OF
PROJECT SNOW
LEOPARD IN INDIA
1,28,000 SQ.KM
PROTECTED AREA
UNDER PROJECT
SNOW LEOPARD
INDIA
400-600
POPULATION IN INDIA
4500-7500
POPULATION IN
THE WORLD
(iv) The region provides essential ecosystem services and harbours river systems vital for the nation’s food security.
(v) India has ratified international agreements promoting the conservation of high altitude wildlife species such as
the snow leopard.
(vi) The region is important for the country’s national security as well as international relations.
(vii) The high altitude wildlife in India today faces a variety of threats.
(viii) The existing high altitude protected areas in India require considerable strengthening.
(ix) Wildlife Management in the region needs to be made participatory. (360 Words)
Questions (b) It consists of many other species.
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any (c) It is the most important species in the region.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (d) None of the above
option. (iv) According to the above passage, high altitude
(i) The purpose of above study is to show that snow regions should be protected because they ............. .
leopards are ............. . Choose the correct option (a) Support unique wildlife of global significance
(a) Near threatened species that can be protected (b) Support endangered wildlife that must be protected
(b) Vulnerable species and must be protected (c) Consist of very insignificant ecosystems and organisms
(c) Least concerned species that need no protection (d) Are rich in minerals and natural resources
(d) Species that live in the Himalayas (v) According to the passage, which other species can
(ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements be found in the Himalayan Region besides the
given below. Snow Leopard?
(a) Asian Elephants (b) Endangered Tiger
(1) Project Snow Leopard was introduced in India in
2009 to conserve unique high altitude wildlife like (c) Tibetan Wolf (d) Both (a) and (c)
snow leopards. (vi) Which of the following is integral to the nation’s
(2) Project Tiger was introduced in India in 1973 to food security?
conserve the endangered Bengal tigers and save (a) Wildlife management (b) Vast rangeland system
them from extinction. (c) Aquatic ecosystems (d) River systems
(a) (1) is the result of (2). (b) (1) is the cause of (2). (vii) The passage concludes that promotion of
(c) (1) is independent of (2). (d) (1) contradicts (2). conservation of high altitude wildlife species by
(iii) Select the option that gives the correct meaning of India requires it to ............... .
the following phrase. Select the correct option
“Snow Leopard… is considered an umbrella (a) Keep the region neat and tidy
species…” (b) Protect the region as well
(a) Other species will also be protected by protecting (c) Donate money to the human inhabitants of the region
Snow Leopards. (d) Hold such species captive in order to protect them
Passage 7
1. India has already commissioned two nuclear power stations, one at Tarapur and the other at Rana Pratap Sagar.
Each one has the installed capacity of producing 420 M. W. of electricity. Two other stations, one at Narora and
the other at Kalpakkam, are operational. This energy will be able to meet the power shortage throughout the
country. lf industries work at their full capacity, production will be higher and so per capita income will increase
and inflation will be neutralised.
2. With the help of controlled nuclear explosions, artificial dams can be made. In fact for building a dam there
should be two huge mountain walls enclosing a deep valley just near the course of a river. These conditions are
not available at all the places. So with the help of controlled nuclear explosions mountains can be blown up. This
can also help in laying roads in the mountainous areas. In fact, some of the borders of India have mountainous
terrain and the movement of the army is quite difficult. So even for the sake of national security it is necessary
to have roads in those areas.
3. With the help of radiation the shelf life of vegetables and fruits can be increased. In the tropical countries like
India, it is necessary that the perishable fruit stuffs are preserved for a long time. Radiation can check the
sprouting of onions and potatoes which are much in demand in foreign countries.
Similarly fruits like bananas and mangoes which have much export potential can be preserved for a very long
time. The texture and taste of the fruit do not undergo any change.
4. Nuclear technology can also be harnessed for medical purposes. It is said that radioactive iodine is used for
detecting the disease of the thyroid glands. Similarly, India has been able to prepare, with the help of UN
experts, radiated vaccine which can immunise sheep from lungworm disease, which used to take a heavy toll of
sheep every year.
5. Properly processed nuclear fuel is also used for artificial satellites in space. Weather satellites can predict
cyclones and the rainfall with extreme accuracy. Communication satellites can help in conveying the message to
very long distances. In a huge country like India, communication satellites are necessary.
6. Radiation is also used for preparing the mutant seeds. Many varieties of rice and some cereals have been
prepared at Tarapur laboratory. This will increase our agricultural production and help India to become
economically better off. So for India it is necessary to make peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
NUCLEAR USES
• Power (your house)
• Medicinal (cancer radiation)
• Agricultural (pesticides)
• Preservation (food)
• Environmental (pollution)
(335 Words)
Questions (a) 1,3 and 6 (b) 2,4 and 5
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any (c) 1,3,5 and 6 (d) Only 5
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (v) Select the option that is true for the two statements
(i) India is building nuclear power stations to ............. . 1. With the help of controlled nuclear explosions,
(a) become rich artificial doms can be made.
(b) become self-reliant 2. With the help of radiation the shelf life of vegetables
(c) increase industrial production and fruits can be increased.
(d) help the poor (a) (1) is the result of (2)
(b) (1) is the reason for (2)
(ii) Controlled nuclear explosions can be used to blow
(c) (1) is independent of (2)
up ........... .
(d) (1) is true (2) is false
(a) roads (b) dams (c) mountains (d) seas
(iii) In the line, “…has already commissioned”, the (vi) Radiation is helpful in ............ .
word ‘Commissioned’ DOES NOT refer to (a) growing vegetables
(a) be opened or established (b) growing fruits
(b) create something new (c) growing onions
(c) a rank conferred by a commission (d) preserving fruits
(d) bring (something newly produced) into working (vii) Which of the following is the use of weather
condition. satellite?
(iv) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose (a) Predicting average temperature
the option that lists the uses of nuclear energy. (b) Predicting rainfall and cyclones with accuracy
1. Creation of artificial dams 2. Development of space theories (c) Predicting heat waves
3. Increasing shelf life of food 4. Mutation of different flowers (d) Predicting ozone gaps
5. Medical facilities 6. Weather predictions
Passage 8
1. The term ‘child labour’ is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and
their dignity and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It refers to work that:
- is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and/or
- interferes with a child’s ability to attend and participate in school fully by obliging them to leave school
prematurely or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.
2. There are many inter-linked factors contributing to the prevalence of child labour. Child labour is both a cause
and consequence of poverty. Household poverty forces children into the labour market to earn money. Some
perform child labour to supplement family income while many also are in it for survival. They miss out on an
opportunity to gain an education, further perpetuating household poverty across generations, slowing the
economic growth and social development. Child labour impedes children from gaining the skills and education
they need to have opportunities of decent work as an adult. Inequality, lack of educational opportunities, slow
demographic transition, traditions and cultural expectations all contribute to the persistence of child labour in
India. Age, sex, ethnicity, caste and deprivation affect the type and intensity of work that children perform.
3. Child labour remains a persistent problem in the world today. The latest global estimates indicate that 160
million children – 63 million girls and 97 million boys – were in child labour globally at the beginning of 2020,
accounting for almost 1 in 10 of all children worldwide. Seventy-nine million children – nearly half of all those
in child labour – were in hazardous work that directly endangers their health, safety and moral development.
4. Global progress against child labour has stagnated since 2016. The percentage of children in child labour
remained unchanged over the four-year period while the absolute number of children in child labour increased
by over 8 million. Similarly, the percentage of children in hazardous work was almost unchanged but rose in
absolute terms by 6.5 million children.
Global progress against child labour has stalled since 2016
245.5 Percentage and number of children aged 5 to 17 years in child labour
million and hazardous work
222.3
215.2 Child labour
million
million
16.0% Hazardous work
14.2% 168.0
million 160.0
13.6% 151.6 million
170.5
million million
11.1%
128.4 10.6%
million 115.3 9.6% 9.6%
million
8.2% 85.3
7.3% million 72.5 79.0
million million
5.4%
4.6% 4.7%
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
(339 Words)
Questions (d) The decrease in the number of child labourers in the
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any past four years
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements
(i) The purpose of the passage is to highlight ............ . (1) Poverty forces children into the labour market.
Choose the correct option. (2) Child labour perpetuates poverty across
(a) The issue of child labour generations.
(b) The reasons behind child labour (a) (1) is the result of (2) (b) (1) is the reason for (2)
(c) The increase in the number of child labourers in the (c) (1) is independent of (2) (d) (1) contradicts (2)
past four years
(iii) Select the option that gives the correct meaning of (3) Poverty
the following statement. (4) Slow demographic transition
“Global progress against child labour has stagnated (5) Hinders skill development
since 2016.” (a) 1, 4 and 5
(a) The fight against the evil of child labour has increased. (b) 2, 3 and 4
(b) The fight against the evil of child labour has (c) 1 and 5
decreased. (d) All of these
(c) The fight against the evil of child labour has stopped
altogether. (vi) What does child labour do to a young minds?
(d) None of the above (a) It makes them retarded.
(b) It hinders them from participating in school.
(iv) According to the data provided in the above
(c) It causes mental illness in children.
passage, ................ engaged in labour are in
(d) It makes them violent and aggressive.
hazardous work.
(a) Almost half of all children (vii) This passage gives the definition of ‘child labour’
(b) Almost all of children suggesting that it deprives children of their
(c) 10% of all children childhood and affects their .......... .
(d) None of the above Select the correct option.
(v) Select the option listing the severe effects of child (a) Potential and their dignity
labour. (b) Harmful physical and mental growth
(c) Hard work and thus, market value
(1) Impedes their education
(d) Mental concentration for any future jobs
(2) Inequality
Passage 9
1. As the virus began to spread around the world, some Indians began to return home, to relative safety. When
Kerala registered India’s first COVID-19 case on 30th January, 2020 (IDFC Institute, 2020), the state was
prepared. Four days before registering its first case, Government of Kerala (GoK) had already released novel
corona virus-specific guidelines that established case definitions, screening and sampling protocol, hospital
preparedness and surveillance.
2. Over the weeks that followed, a series of comprehensive measures were rolled out. The rapid screening and
quarantining of patients and isolation of their contacts delayed the transmission from imported cases for up to 40
days, until Kerala witnessed its first cluster outbreak in the district of Pathanamthitta. A total of 14 confirmed
cases were registered over the two days that followed.
3. Given the early spread of the virus in Kerala, it is commendable that the state had two consecutive days of zero
new cases over the 100- day period from the day it registered the first case of COVID-19. Given its relatively
efficient public health care systems, backed by strong socio-economic foundation and the experience of
previously handling the Nipah virus in 2018, the State was able to act swiftly. Kerala prepared itself to address
the pandemic as early as January. The State followed the time-tested strategy of case identification, isolation,
contact tracing and vulnerability mapping in containing the virus.
4. Kerala’s public healthcare system is decentralized with facilities at the state, district, sub-district, panchayat,
and ward level. The field-level staff including health inspectors, ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activists)
workers.
5. Coordination at the middle level was largely done by the District Collectors who worked in close coordination
with the District Medical Officers and the district-level heads of the police. One of the flagship measures
adopted by the State was the development of COVID First Line Treatment Centers and COVID-19 Care
Centers.
6. Local testing labs, district-wise allocations and, later, walk-in sample kiosks, allowed Kerala to quickly scale up
testing capacities and, over time, conduct mass screenings and serological tests.
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
13-Mar
16-Mar
19-Mar
22-Mar
22-Mar
35-Mar
28-Mar
31-Mar
3-Apr
6-Apr
9-Apr
12-Apr
15-Apr
18-Apr
21-Apr
24-Apr
27-Apr
30-Apr
3-May
6-May
9-May
12-May
15-May
18-May
21-May
24-May
27-May
30-May
2-Jun
5-Jun
8-Jun
11-Jun
14-Jun
17-Jun
20-Jun
23-Jun
Confirmed Deaths Active Recovered
COVID-19 Kerala Graph, June 2020
(334 Words)
Questions (c) The Centre is solely responsible for the healthcare
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any system.
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct (d) None of the above
option. (iv) According to the passage, for how many days there
(i) The purpose of the above passage is to show that was no case of corona virus in Kerala after the first
the ............... . Choose the correct option. case was registered?
(a) Spread of any virus can be controlled with proper (a) For 100 days (b) For two days
preventive measures (c) For two weeks (d) For 40 days
(b) State of Kerala has always been the best at handling (v) Select the option listing the steps taken by the
virus outbreaks Kerala Government to contain the spread of the
(c) Handling of any epidemic is almost impossible, virus.
regardless of any measures (1) Rapid screening of the patients
(d) State of Kerala was the only state to have been affected (2) Sending away the infected people
by the COVID-19 pandemic (3) Quarantining the patients
(ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements (4) Isolation of the patients
given below. (5) Immediate elimination of the infected people
(1) When faced with the problem of the COVID-19 (a) 1, 2 and 5 (b) 2 and 4
pandemic, Kerala was quick to act. (c) 2, 3 and 5 (d) 1, 3 and 4
(2) Kerala’s experience with similar virus outbreak had
the state prepared.
(vi) Who did the District Collectors work with in
coordination?
(a) (1) is the result of (2) (b) (1) is the reason for (2)
(a) Other District Collectors
(c) (1) is independent of (2) (d) (1) contradicts (2)
(b) ASHA Workers
(iii) Select the option that gives the correct meaning of (c) District Medical Officers
the following statement. (d) Health Inspectors
“Kerala’s public healthcare system is decentralised (vii) The passage suggests that ............ allowed Kerala to
with facilities at the state, district, sub-district, conduct mass screenings and tests. Select the
panchayat and ward level.” correct option.
(a) It’s not just the state that is responsible but every (a) Local testing labs
level. (b) District-wise allocations
(b) The state is solely responsible for the healthcare (c) Walk-in simple kiosks
system. (d) All of the above
Passage 10
1. Nuclear power in India delivers a total capacity of 6.7GW, contributing to just under 2% of the country’s
electricity supply. India’s nuclear plants are controlled by Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL), a
state-owned corporation which was founded in 1987. India boasts a fleet of seven nuclear power plants, as of
November 2020.
2. Kudankulan Nuclear Power Plant, located in Tamil Nadu, is the highest-capacity nuclear plant in India, with a
total of 2,000MW currently installed with a further 2,000MW under construction. It is the only nuclear plant in
India that uses Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR) rather than Boiling Water Reactors (BHWR) or Pressurised
Heavy-Water Reactors (PHWR).
3. Presently, India has 22 operating nuclear power reactors, with an installed capacity of 6780 MegaWatt electric
(MWe). Among these eighteen reactors are Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and four are Light
Water Reactors (LWRs).
4. The nuclear energy programme in India was launched around the time of independence under the leadership of
Homi J Bhabha.
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) is being manufactured by the Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam
Limited (BHAVINI), a wholly owned Enterprise of the Government of India under the administrative control of
the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
5. The Government of India is further set to increase the country’s nuclear power generation capacity with plans
to commission more nuclear plants.
6. The move will help India substantially increase its share of non-fossil fuel in total energy mix in sync with its
pledges under the Paris Agreement. Though India’s share of installed capacity of non-fossil fuel-based electricity
generation has already reached nearly 39% of its total power generation capacity against its existing target of
40% by 2030, the step towards nuclear energy would help it upgrade its climate action goal.
7. The government has granted for ten new reactors, as well as an administrative approval and financial sanction
for ten Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRS).
8. The new reactors are expected to increase India’s nuclear power generation capacity to 22,480MW by 2031.
Highest priority will be given to safety in all aspects of nuclear plant development, including sitting, design,
construction, commissioning and operation.
The government also plans to build more nuclear power plants in the future. (310 Words)
Questions (iii) According to given passage, what is the current
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any capacity of the highest-capacity nuclear plant in
five out of the seven questions by choosing the correct India?
option. (a) 4000 MW (b) 2000 MW
(c) 6780 MW (d) 22480 MW
(i) The purpose of increasing India’s nuclear power
generation capacity is to ............ . Choose the (iv) According to the research, Prototype Fast Breeder
correct option. Reactor is being constructed by ........... .
(a) Generate more fossil fuel energy (a) The UN
(b) Decrease the amount of non-fossil fuel energy (b) The Union Minister for Atomic Energy
(c) Generate more clean energy (c) NPCIL
(d) Build nuclear weapons at a faster speed (d) BHAVINI
(ii) Select the option that is true for the two statements (v) Select the option listing the aspects of development
given below. that will be given highest priority.
(1) India’s climate action goal can be upgraded by its (1) sitting (2) designing
steps towards clear energy. (3) constructing (4) commissioning
(2) India has reached nearly 39% of its total power (5) operating
generation capacity.
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 4 and 5
(a) (1) is the result of (2) (b) (1) is the reason for (2) (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) All of these
(c) (1) is independent of (2) (d) (1) contradicts (2)
(vi) The nuclear energy programme in India was According to the above passage, how much does
launched by nuclear power contribute to the country’s
(a) The Government of India electricity supply?
(b) Dr. Jitendra Singh (a) About half of the supply.
(c) Homi J Bhabha (b) All of the country’s electricity supply comes from
(d) Department of Atomic Energy nuclear power.
(vii) Choose the correct option to answer the (c) About 2% of the supply.
following. (d) None of the above
Answers and Explanations

PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 3
(i) (c) The purpose of the given report was to give (i) (c) “The increasing problem of youth unemployment in
population projections for ‘2011-2036’. India” is the focus of the given passage.
(ii) (d) The statement (2) is not apparent from the given (ii) (b) It is true that the unemployment rate in India has
paragraph and hence, is false. Hence, option (d) is risen over the past year because of the nationwide
the correct answer. lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19
(iii) (a) “India’s population growth rate is expected to pandemic.
decline drastically”–gives the correct meaning of (iii) (b) “Unemployment and unemployed people have a
the statement in the question. harmful effect on the country’s economic potential”
(iv) (a) Rural population will decline as compared to the is the correct meaning of the statement in the
growth of urban population. question.
(v) (b) India’s population is expected to grow by (iv) (c) According to the given passage and the ILO’s
311 million by 2036, according to the given report, India’s unemployment rate rose to the
passage. highest in the last 30 years.
(vi) (d) The projections came in July of 2020 because of (v) (a) The ILO, The Financial Express and Ritu Diwan
delay in setting up of the committee and delay on spoke on the problem of youth unemployment
the government’s part. along with Rajrishi Singhal and the centre for
(vii) (b) The decadal growth for the decade 2011-2021, monitoring Indian Economy, according to the
according to the passage, is 12.5%. passage.
(vi) (c) PM Modi asked the industry representatives to
PASSAGE 2 increase exports.
(i) (b) The purpose of the passage was to study (vii) (c) In 2020, the unemployment rate in India rose to
schizophrenia and its treatment. 7.11%.
(ii) (a) According to the passage, schizophrenia is a
mental illness in which people face thinking
PASSAGE 4
distortions, lose the sense of self and start (i) (a) Enzymes initiates chemical reaction in our body.
hallucinating. Hence, option (a) is the correct (ii) (b) According to Dr. CR Shaw, cancer was inhibited
answer. upto 90% with the help of sprouts.
(iii) (c) A result of schizophrenia is hallucination people see (iii) (d) As per due passage eating sprouts is good for
and hear things which are not really there and have children, adults and elderly.
mistaken beliefs. This is the correct meaning of the (iv) (b) In the last para of the passage, sprouts are
phrase in the question. excellent soft food, predigested and can be easily
(iv) (b) The management of people, ailed with assimilated.
schizophrenia required joint effort of health care (v) (a) The word assimilated means absord of ‘digest’.
professionals. (vi) (a) The statement (a) is not correct according to the
(v) (c) The objectives of treatment of schizophrenia passage.
include to reduce symptoms, to increase the quality (vii) (c) Releasing of essential vitamins is not a step in the
of life and to promote recovery. sprouting process.
(vi) (d) The clinical pharmacists are involved in educating
on prevention of the mental illness, promoting a PASSAGE 5
healthy life and modifying lifestyle in accordance
(i) (b) The passage focuses to highlight the issue of bad
with the treatment. Hence, option (d) is the correct
quality of air in India.
answer.
(ii) (d) The statement (2) is false as the passage doesn’t
(vii) (a) ‘Comprehensive drug information’ is appropriate to
state any positive impacts or results. Hence, option
fill the blank in order to answer the question.
(d) is the correct answer.
(iii) (c) It is true that the toxicity of air causes decrease in failure to acquire education and thus, remain poor.
labour and crop yields. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
(iv) (c) Owing to air pollution, more than 1.1 million people (iii) (c) The given sentence means that the fight against the
died untimely deaths. evil of child labour has come to a half.
(v) (b) The severe effects of unclean and toxic air includes (iv) (a) The data provided in the passage suggests that
it being an obstacle in development, it causing ‘almost half of all children’, engaged in labour, are
numerous health problems and the bad effects on in hazardous work.
the economy of a country. (v) (d) The severe effects of child labour include obstacles
(vi) (d) All of the given options are correct. in education, unequal opportunities, poverty, slow
(vii) (a) According to paragraph 4, action against the demographic transition and obstruction of skill
increasing crisis of air toxicity should be taken at development.
individual level and with a collaborative (vi) (b) Child labour hinders young children from
commitment. participating in school.
(vii) (a) The passage suggests that child labour affects the
PASSAGE 6 ‘potential and dignity’ of young children.
(i) (b) The purpose of the passage is to show that snow
leopards are vulnerable species and must be PASSAGE 9
protected. (i) (a) The passage wishes to show that the spread of any
(ii) (c) Both statements give information of two projects virus can be controlled with proper preventive
introduced to conserve the concerned endangered measures.
species but they are not dependent on each other. (ii) (a) Statement (1) is the result of statement (2).
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. (iii) (a) The given statement means that not only the state or
(iii) (a) ‘Umbrella species’ refers to such species whose Central Governments but the districts,
protection will ensure the protection of other sub-districts, panchayats, etc. are also
species. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. responsible.
(iv) (a) High altitude regions should be protected as they (iv) (b) For two days, no corona case had been registered
support unique wildlife of global significance. in Kerala after the first case was registered.
(v) (c) Along with the snow leopards, ‘Tibetan Wolf’ is also (v) (d) In order to contain the spread of virus, the Kerala
found in the Himalayan region. Government began rapid screening of the patients,
(vi) (d) River systems are integral to the nation’s food quarantining them and isolating them.
security. (vi) (c) The District Collectors worked with the District
(vii) (b) ‘Protect the region as well’ is appropriate to fill the Medical Officers in coordination.
blank to complete the sentence. (vii) (d) ‘Local testing labs’, ‘district-wise allocations’ and
‘walk-in simple kiosks’ allowed Kerala to conduct
PASSAGE 7 mass screenings and tests.
(i) (c) India is building nuclear power stations to increase
industrial production. PASSAGE 10
(ii) (c) Controlled nuclear exposions can be used to blow (i) (c) The purpose of increasing India’s nuclear power
up mountains. generation capacity is to ‘generate more clean
(iii) (b) The word commissioned does not refer to ‘creating energy’.
something new’. (ii) (c) Both the statements are apparent from the
(iv) (c) ‘Creation of artificial dams, increasing self life of given passage but are not dependent on each
food, medical facilities and weather predictions are other.
uses of nuclear energy. (iii) (b) The current capacity of the highest-capacity
(v) (c) Statement (1) is independent of statement (2). nuclear plant in India is 2000 MW, according to the
passage.
(vi) (d) Radiation is helpful in preserving fruits.
(iv) (d) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor is being
(vii) (b) Weather satellite is use for predicting rainfall and constructed by ‘BHAVINI’.
cyclones with accuracy.
(v) (d) The aspects of development that will be given
PASSAGE 8 highest priority include sitting, designing,
constructing, commissioning and operating.
(i) (a) The purpose of the passage is to highlight the issue
(vi) (c) The nuclear energy programme in India was
of child labour.
launched by ‘Homi J Bhabha’.
(ii) (b) The connection between poverty and child labour is
(vii) (c) Nuclear power’s contribution to the country’s
cyclic, as suggested in paragraph 2. Poverty
electricity is around 2%.
forces children to work which eventually results in
Chapter Test
!
Discursive Passages That way there is much more chance that you
will be able to reach an agreement. You’ll also
1. Read the passage given below. probably find that the problem is much easier
1. In life we sometimes have disagreements to solve.
with people. When this happens, the 9. Some people think that arguing is always
important thing is to try not to let a calm bad. This is not true. Conflict is a normal part
discussion turn into a heated argument. But of life, and dealing with conflict is an
of course this is easier said than done. important part of any relationship. If you don’t
2. The way you begin the conversation is very learn to argue properly, then when a real
important. Imagine you are a student sharing problem comes along, you won’t be prepared
a flat with another student who you think to face it together. Think of the smaller
isn't doing her share of housework. If you say, arguments as training sessions. Learn how to
‘Look, you never do your share of the argue cleanly and fairly. It will help your
housework’, the discussion will very soon turn relationship become stronger and last longer.
into an argument. It’s much more On the basis of your reading answer any eight out of
constructive to say something like, ‘I think the following questions.
we’d better have another look about how we
divide up the housework.’ (i) According to author what is easy to suggest but
quite difficult to do?
3. If you’re the person who is the wrong, just (a) To have disagreements with people.
admit it! This is the easiest and best way to (b) Not to let a peaceful discussion change into a
avoid an argument just apologise and move heated argument.
on. The other person will have more respect (c) Never raise your voice
for you in the future if you do that. (d) To have heated argument with friends.
4. Don’t exaggerate. Try not to say things like (ii) Which of the following steps should one follow
‘You always come home late when my mother to stop arguing, according to the passage?
comes to dinner’ when perhaps this has only 1. Keeping calm 2. Leaving the room
happened twice. This will just make the other 3. Stop talking 4. Don’t raise your voice
person think you’re being unreasonable, and 5. Stick to your point 6. Time out
will probably make him or her stop listening (a) 1,2 and 3
to your arguments. (b) 4,5 and 6
5. Sometimes we just can’t avoid a discussion (c) 1,3 and 5
turning into an argument. But if you do start (d) 2,4 and 6
arguing with someone, it is important to keep (iii) Which of the following will be the most
things under control. appropriate title for the passage?
(a) How Not to Argue?
6. Don’t raise your voice. Raising your voice will
(b) Discussion Vs Argument
just make the other person lose their temper
(c) Stopping an Argument
too. If you find yourself raising your voice, stop (d) How to Control Arguments?
for a moment and take a deep breath. If you
can talk calmly and quietly, you'll find your (iv) What happens if a complaint is exaggerated?
(a) The other person thinks you are unreasonable
partner will be more ready to think about
(b) The other person think that you are overbearing
what you are saying. (c) The other person finds you stupid
7. It is also very important to stick to the point. (d) The other person stops paying any attention to you
Try to keep to the topic you are talking about. (v) Select the option that makes the correct use of
Don’t bring up old arguments, or try to bring ‘agreement’ as used in the passage, to fill in the
in other’ issues. Just concentrate on solving blank space.
the one problem, and leave the other things (a) This ............ was proposed to the General Assembly
for another time. in 1870.
8. If necessary call ‘Time out’. If you think that an (b) Dean was beginning to have serious ............ about
the trip.
argument is getting out of control, then you
(c) It is a willing ............ to a set of values and procedures
must say, ‘Listen, I'd rather talk about this
and a standard of conduct.
tomorrow when we’ve both calmed down’. (d) In discussing nutrition, there is often ............ on the
You can then continue the discussion the next nature of the problems.
day when both of you are less tense and
angry.
(vi) Select the option that suitably completes the time spent with computers or mobile phones
dialogue with reference to the above passage. for entertainment can never really substitute for
Max : Making mistake is a part of human nature the holistic benefits of outdoor play.
sometimes you get stuck in ugly situations. 5. As for me I think this age of rapid development
Jack : We can just apologise person ..... and the has created at least as many problems as it has
other. solved. The reason is that the basic goal of life,
(a) will argue the pursuit of happiness, has now been
(b) will have more respect for you replaced by the pursuit of money. Money and
(c) will fight happiness are considered analogous in our
(d) will complain against you
present society, but actually are not so. In this
(vii) The second paragraph suggests that mindless pursuit of money, nobody has time
(a) we must share our workload now to appreciate the beauty of life, which
(b) how we start a discussion is very important consists of a simple act of kindness to someone
(c) our words can hurt people in a time of need.
(d) we must use words that do not presuppose an
argument 6. So there is an urgent need to stop for a moment
and think about where we are actually heading-
2. Read the passage given below. is it development or destruction? Do we have to
1. We live in an age of wonders and miracles. It has wait until people have grown so much apart
been called the ‘Age of Science’, and different from each other that we cannot see the
aspects of our life that have changed in the suffering of our own species due to our mindless
preceding centuries have been attributed to greed, or can we still mend our ways?
science. This is completely true, but it is only On the basis of your reading answer any ten of the
one side of the coin. The flip side is that as we following questions.
have advanced more and more, something
fundamental to humanity has been left behind. (i) According to passage it is like one side of the coin
Values such as empathy and concern for our to say that life has changed owing to science as
(a) age of science has brought wonders and miracles.
fellow-human beings are gradually being
(b) different aspects of life have changed due to science.
eroded due to the onslaught of our (c) there is another side of the coin to look at.
ever-evolving lifestyles, aided by the marvels of (d) this side of coin is true and sufficient to look at.
technological advancement.
(ii) Choose the option that best captures the central
2. Take the example of the Internet. On the one
idea of the passage from the given quotes.
hand, access to information and knowledge at (a) “The most important journey of our lives is doing good
the click of a button is a boon to everyone for the world, especially working for the upliftment of
making our lives much simpler. On the other, it human conditions, human values, human dignity and
has severely limited actual contact with human rights.”? – Amit Ray
teachers, friends and elders. Thus, the learning (b) “It is impossible to escape the impression that people
that a person gains is incomplete as he or she commonly use false standards of measurement — that
cannot easily take the advice that another they seek power, success and wealth for themselves
person can give on the basis of knowledge and and admire them in others and that they
practical experience that is at his or her disposal. underestimate what is of true value in life.”? –Sigmund
Freud
3. Today, a small child can access and navigate the (c) “The saddest aspect of life right now is that science
Internet with ease that still astounds those from gathers knowledge faster than society gathers
the older generation. But what is even more wisdom.”? – Isaac Asimov
astounding is the neglect of the basic human (d) “Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me
traits of friendship, society, relationships and truth.? – Henry David Thoreau
family values. Owing to all the technological (iii) Internet hampers the holistic growth of a child by
advancements and the gadgets available today, (a) encouraging human traits of friendship, society and
children often miss out on the most enriching of family.
childhood experiences such as playing outdoor (b) enriching childhood experiences of outdoor games.
games with friends, which apart from being (c) providing virtual friends and gadgets.
immensely enjoyable and physically (d) developing teamwork and discipline.
exhilarating, also develops traits such as (iv) Which of the following lists the values that
teamwork and discipline from an early age. humans have lost with advancement?
4. But now when the concept of friends is 1. Materialism 2. Kindness
gradually being limited to virtual friends, one 3. Concern 4. Empathy
shudders to think of the implications for the 5. Respect 6. Equality
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 5 and 6
personality development of a child because the
(c) 1,5 and 6 (d) 2,3 and 4
(v) Which of the following will be the most 5. Umesh Sharma, an advocate, said enforcement
appropriate title for the passage? of rules is very poor on the ground. “The issue is
(a) Understanding Society directly related to public health and the
(b) Technological Advancement- The Flip Side government should take serious initiatives to
(c) Not All is Good implement food safety rules,” he said. Data from
(d) Is this Development? the agency shows an abysmal conviction rate.
(vi) Select the option that makes the correct use of 6. In 2017, the Law Commission had issued a set of
‘navigate’ as used in the passage, to fill in the space. recommendations regarding the issue. The
(a) You can ............. this site by subject or by alphabet.
panel had recommended that IPC Sections 272
(b) Andrew had been his confidante and mentor whose
guidance had helped him ......... his role properly.
(dealing with adulteration of food and drinks)
(c) The improvement of the Missouri is far more difficult and 273 (dealing with the sale of noxious food
to ........... than the Mississippi-was begun by Congress and drinks) be amended to make adulteration a
in 1832. serious crime. It was also recommended that
(d) She was more comfortable on the ground crawling depending on the gravity of the offence,
than trying to .......... the shaking earth on her feet. punishment can include life imprisonment and
(vii) What does older generation wonder about? the minimum sentence should be six months’
(a) How to access internet and the gadgets. jail term.
(b) How can small children easily navigate through 7. The panel, headed by former Supreme Court
internet. judge BS Chauhan, also wanted amendments to
(c) Where have they lost the morals and virtues.
Section 357 of the Criminal Procedure Code so
(d) How to inculcate morals and virtues in the younger
generations.
that courts can order compensation for victims.
FOOD FACTS
!
85729
78340
1. Read the passage given below.
75282
72499
1. Data released by India’s food quality regulator,
the Food Safety and Standards Authority of
India (FSSAI) earlier, shows that nearly 25%
samples of edible goods it tested this year were
found to be adulterated or in violation of
prescribed standards.
2. The samples included milk and dairy products,
spices, cereals as well as branded food products.
20390
A total of 85,729 samples were sent, so far. FSSAI
18325
16133
14716
carried out the testing following a spike in

complaints from consumers over quality and
adulteration, said an agency official.
4915
1402
1605
3. According to the data, 20,390 samples of the

540
85,729 sent to the agency were found to be

non-confirming to prescribed standards. While 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
agency officials maintain that Food Safety No. of samples tested
Officers in each state regularly test samples to Samples found non-confirming
check for compliance and also take recourse in
cases of violations according to the Food Safety Convictions
and Standards Act, 2006, experts claim that
poor enforcement on the ground and a lack of On the basis of your reading answer any ten of the
awareness plague the process. following questions.
4. Consumer activist Bijon Mishra said the (i) What did the data revealed by FSSAI show?
lengthy legal procedure involved in penalizing (a) Branded food contains cancer causing adulterants
(b) Food items consumed violate the food quality
violators provides an opportunity to the accused
standards
to keep doing business. “Law enforcement is
(c) With food adulteration, food quality checks have
very poor. It takes years to finalise a case and by increased
that time, sellers keep on making profits. (d) Food adulteration has grown exponentially over the
Moreover, people are also not aware. Hardly years
anybody complains about adulteration,” he
added.
(ii) Based on your understanding of the passage, these projects profitable. The culprit, data
choose the option that lists the punishments set suggests, could be online shopping.
for offenders. 3. A report by The Associated Chambers of
1. Life imprisonment 2. Fine
Commerce and Industry of India pegs the
3. Sentence of 6 months 4. Death sentences
5. Public shaming
growth rate of e-commerce in India at 40-50%
(a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 1,4 and 5 in the next five years. Physical stores are the
(c) 1,3 and 4 (d) 2,3 and 5 ones bearing the brunt of massive discounts
(iii) What was the reason behind the survey? and comfort that e-commerce has brought to
(a) The increasing number of complaints regarding the desks and palms of the youngsters who no
quality and adulteration longer feel it necessary to visit a retail outlet to
(b) Increasing mortality rate buy something.
(c) For consumer awareness According to the report, 80-85% of the space in
(d) Increasing malnutrition
the new malls is lying vacant. This problem is
(iv) What do the experts claim regarding the data? being faced by mall owners across the board,
(a) Quality of food is as per the Food Safety and starting with metropolitan cities like Delhi,
Standards Act, 2006
Mumbai and Chennai, followed by Ahmedabad
(b) The poor enforcement on the ground and a lack of
and Hyderabad. In each of these cities, mall
awareness results in adulteration
(c) The procedure of penalization is very lengthy rentals fell by more than 40% owing to fewer
(d) The officials are corrupted to the core allowing the footfalls.
penalized to escape 4. At the same time, online shopping grew by over
(v) …………… allows the penalised to continue their 350% in just one year, the report adds. “Apart
business. from convenience, rising fuel price, security
(a) Poor law enforcement reasons, online discounts and availability with
(b) Higher connections abundance of choices are keeping consumers
(c) Lengthy process indoors,” said DS Rawat, Secretary General of
(d) The scope of the business ASSOCHAM.
(vi) Select the option that is true for the two 5. Even then, revenues continue to come in for
statements given below. some of the malls. The reason: anchor stores.
1. Adulteration became a serious crime. Anchor stores are those specialised stores that
2. Depending on the gravity of the offence, offer exclusive products generally not available
punishment can include life imprisonment. online. Brands like Zara, H&M and even
(a) (1) is the result of (2) Starbucks are acting as anchor stores for mall
(b) (2) is the result for (1) owners, who are rushing to sign them, at times
(c) (1) is independent of (2) with revenue sharing models and larger
(d) (1) contradicts (2) exclusive spaces.
(vii) The panel head also called for 6. Evidently, the surge of online retail has also
(a) checking of the food safety officers forced mall owners to set their priorities
(b) video data of all safety tests straight, as watching movies and dining out
(c) compensation for the victims
remains among the last few things that people
(d) Both (a) and (c)
cannot get delivered to their doorstep. “The
2. Read the passage given below. arrival of the mall syndrome has accelerated the
1. If you went only by the number of shopping growth of cineplexes as multiplexes are the
malls in the country, you would think the anchor tenants in most of these malls,” Shravan
brick-and-mortar retail space in India is Shroff, managing director, Shringar Cinemas.
booming. By the end of this year, India will have Only 17% of Indians are online as of now, a low
more than 87 million square feet of shopping number compared to other countries. However,
space in its malls. The country already has 570 these numbers are soon set to swell up
functional malls, with this number having exponentially as India hits the mark of 300
doubled over the last five years. million people online before the year ends,
2. There is, however, one problem: buyers are no leaving mall owners as well as retailers with the
longer doing their shopping at malls. What mammoth task of luring people away from their
looked like India’s great retail growth story is computers and phones to physical stores at a
turning out to be a tale of empty shopping time when developers are slowing down on
complexes and stalled projects, with developers projects.
giving up midway instead of trying to make
Historical and projected growth of online (iv) Based on your understanding of the passage,
retail in India ($ billion)
20
Choose the option that lists the ways in which the
e-commerce industry had taken over malls.
16 1. Discounts 2. Offers 3.Travelling
12 4. Security 5. Choices 6. Convenience
8 (a) 1,2 and 3

(b) 4,5 and 6
4 (c) 1,2 and 5
(d) All of these
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020 (v) Choose the option that lists the statement that is
not true according to the given graph.
On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer (a) Between the year 2013 and 2020, online shopping has
seen exponential growth.
any ten of the following questions.
(b) Online shopping became a part of the Indian
(i) What does the given passage highlight? shopping market in 2009.
(a) Increasing number of mall in India. (c) Online shopping saw consistency between 2009-2012.
(b) Growth of online retail in India. (d) Online shopping drastically changed the shopping
(c) Impact of online retail on malls. scenario after 2012.
(d) The strategies that malls must utilise to increase
footfall.
(vi) What are Anchor stores?
(a) Stores that sell customised products.
(ii) In the line, “… a tale of empty”, the word “Tale” (b) Stores that provide all kinds of stuff at one place.
DOES NOT refer to (c) Stores that sell product that is not available online.
(a) a story (b) a situation (d) Stores that offer various options of a product.
(c) a report (d) an account
(vii) What depicts that the growing retail story of India
(iii) How does online retail growth affect the shopping is problematic?
malls? (a) Reduction in footfall.
(a) They are empty. (b) Dependence on anchor stores.
(b) Mall projects are stalled. (c) Malls remaining empty.
(c) No focus on making business profitable. (d) Difficulty faced by mall owners in paying rent.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
ANSWERS
Discursive Passages
1. (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a) (v) (c) (vi) (b) (vii) (b)
2. (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (iv) (d) (v) (b) (vi) (a) (vii) (b)

1. (i) (b) (ii) (a) (iii) (a) (iv) (b) (v) (c) (vi) (b) (vii) (d)
2. (i) (c) (ii) (a) (iii) (d) (iv) (d) (v) (b) (vi) (c) (vii) (b)
Writing Skills
CHAPTER 01
Formal Letters
In this Chapter...
! Letter for Placing an Order
! Letters of Enquiry
! Chapter Practice
Letter is the most common and convenient method of While placing an order, the writer has to be very careful
expressing our thoughts and opinions. It is an important about giving accurate information. Any inaccuracies may
mode of communication. There are two types of letters: result in delayed/wrong deliveries with serious financial
1. Formal Letters These letters are written in formal, implications. Such letters should mention the following
simple and polite language. These follows a certain !
Specifications (with quantities) of the products/services to be
format. Such letters are written for official purposes to supplied.
authorities, colleagues, seniors, etc. !
Reference number of the quotation/price list against which the
2. Informal Letters These include letters written to order has been placed.
parents, friends, relatives, etc. They are written in easy !
Payment terms/credit terms (as applicable).
and conversational language. These are mainly used for !
Required date of delivery.
personal communication.
!
Mode of transport of goods (if required).
Types of Formal Letters !
All taxes/delivery charges.
Formal letters can be broadly classified into four types. These
!
Any other terms and conditions.
are
Letters of Enquiry
1. Complaint letters 2. Enquiry letters
3. Letters of order (Placing/Cancelling an order) A letter of enquiry is written when we want to get some
specific information from someone. It could be about a
4. Letter to the Editor, etc. product or a service. It is also written in response to
In CBSE Class 10th term II syllabus, Letters of order advertisements.
(Placing / cancelling an order) and Letters of Enquiry will be The letter includes the following
discussed. !
A brief introduction about yourself and/or your organisation.
Letters of Order !
Details of the product or service required.
These are business letters which include placing or !
Clearly mention the details you want to know.
cancelling an order for products/services from another !
If there is a time limit within which you need the information,
company or organisation. They are written in a very well specify it in the letter.
formatted and formal manner.
Example The Editor

Points to be Kept in Mind
The Times of India
! The subject line should match with what is asked in Daryaganj
the question. It should be short and to the point. Delhi–110002
! Get right to the purpose of the letter in polite and
4. Subject
formal language. Do not give unnecessary details.
! Be clear, concise and to the point. Stick to the word It expresses the main theme or objective of the letter clearly.
limit mentioned in the question paper.
It must be as brief as possible.
! Use simple language so that the letter is easy to 5. Salutation
understand. Do not use long-winded sentences. It is the greeting to the person to whom the letter is
! Review your finished letter for clarity from the reader’s addressed. In official letters we use
viewpoint.
Sir/Madam, or
Dear Sir/Dear Madam.
Parts of a Formal Letter Note When writing the salutation, we have to keep in mind
An effective formal letter is one which has the following parts the gender of the receiver, if specified in the question.
1. Sender’s Address 6. Body of the Letter

It is the address of the writer. It is written at the top left hand It contains all the information that the writer wants to convey.
The body includes three main parts.
corner of the page. If the address consists of several parts,
each part should be written in a separate line. (i) Introductory Paragraph/Sentence It states the purpose
of writing the letter.
Example 2334/31, Mangal Pandey Nagar
(ii) Informative Paragraph Gives details of the problem, its
Ekta Park causes, effects, possible solutions, etc.
Meerut–250002
(iii) Concluding Paragraph/Sentence It states your hopes,
Note You must not put a comma at the end of each line. comments, requests, suggestions, etc.
2. Date 7. Complimentary Close
Either of the given formats can be used to write the date It’s a courteous way of ending the letter. We can write
20th January, 20XX, January 20th, 20XX !
Yours sincerely !
Yours faithfully !
Yours truly
Note Do not use abbreviation like Jan, Feb, etc., and do not Note 1 The first letter of second word (here ‘s’, ‘f’, ‘t’) is never
write 19 instead of 2019. written in capital.
3. Receiver’s Address Note 2 Do not use Your’s instead of Yours.
All official letters are addressed to the authority/post of the 8. Signature
person concerned. Hence, we write receiver’s address after This is the sender’s name. If applicable, the sender's
addressing the official. designation may be added below the name.
Format of Formal Letter

You are Rama/Ramesh of D-105, Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi. You want information about German Language Courses at
German Embassy, Chanakya Puri, New Delhi. Write a letter to the Director enquiring about the same.
D-105, Lajpat Nagar Sender’s

New Delhi 1100XX Address
12th August, 20XX Date
The Director
German Embassy Receiver’s Official
Chankya Puri Capacity and Address
New Delhi 1100XX
Subject Enquiry regarding German courses Subject
Sir/Madam Salutation
Introductory
I wish to make certain enquiries about the German language courses offered by your
Sentence
institution.
I have just completed class X and want to pursue my career in German. I would like to know the
duration of the course, the fee structure and the transport facilities available. I have always had
a flair for language and have wanted to be a multilingual. Hence, the desire to learn the Body of
German language. the Letter
I will be grateful if you could send me the brochure along with the enrolment form enabling me
to register myself for the course at the earliest. Also, please find enclosed with the letter a draft
of Rs. 200/- for the brochure. Any balance money shall be paid on receipt of the same.
Concluding
I hope to hear from you soon. Sentence
Yours faithfully Complimentary close
Rama Signature
Chapter
Practice
following items as per terms and rates mentioned in the
!
Letter for Placing/ quotations.
Needles to say that all the ordered items should reach us
Cancelling an Order in good condition. Any damage during the transportation
will be your responsibility.
PART 1 Name of the Items and
Ram No. of Items
Objective Questions Brands
Dell 8GB 50
1. Which of the following comes after the Sender’s HP 4GB 60
Address in a formal letter?
(a) Receiver’s Address (b) Date Lenovo 4GB 30
(c) Subject (d) Salutation Asus 8GB 20
Ans. (b)
The payment will be made on delivery as per the
2. Which of the following is a proper complimentary
close in letters for placing / cancelling an order? agreement. …(5)… the above mentioned products at the
earliest.
(a) Yours faithfully (b) Yours lovingly
(c) Yours sincerely Yours faithfully
(d) With all my love and respect Nidhi Das
Ans. (a) Manager, New Age Computer
3. Which of the following gives the correct format of 4. (a) Cancelling an order for computers
the Date in a formal letter of (b) Placing on order for laptops
placement/cancellation of an order? (c) Enquiry about laptops
(a) Aug 20XX (b) January 20th (d) Send us the laptops mentioned below
(c) 14th November 20XX (d) Both (a) and (c) Ans. (b)
Ans. (c)
5. (a) I demand that you send me the
Directions (Q. Nos 4 and 5) The letter given below is (b) I expect you to send me pictures of
incomplete. Choose the correct options to complete the (c) I request you to send me
letter. (d) I implore you to send me details of
New Age Computer Shop Ans. (c)
Ganesh Nagar Directions (Q. Nos. 6-8) Answer the questions given,
Delhi 1100xx with reference to the context below.
24th April, 20xx 6. You are store–incharge in ABC Senior Secondary
The Incharge School, Kolkata. Write a letter to the Manager,
Enfotech Pioneer Traders & Co., Kolkata, placing an order of
Preet Vihar stationery articles for your school store. You are
Delhi 1100xx Naveen.
Subject : .......(4)....... (i) Which of the following aspects are required to be
Sir / Madam mentioned in the letter by Naveen?
1. Details of order
Please refer to your quotation dated 2nd April, 20xx along
2. Date on which letter is to be written
with item list. I am please to place an order for the
3. Expected date of reply (v) Choose the option that provides a suitable
4. Expected date of delivery concluding portion for the letter.
5. Receiver’s home address (1) We would, therefore, request you to deliver the above
(a) 1, 2 and 5 (b) 2, 3 and 4 articles latest by 10th June. The payment shall be done
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 3, 4 and 5 digitally after receiving the order.
Ans. (c) (2) Deliver the above articles latest by 10th June. The
(ii) Choose the correct subject for the letter. order will be sent back after the said date. The
(a) Supply of stationery articles payment shall be done digitally after receiving the
(b) Stationery articles order.
(c) Supply (a) No to option (1) because of use of informal language
(d) Supply our order (b) Yes to option (1) because of use of polite tone
(c) Yes to option (2) because of use of authoritative tone
Ans. (a)
(d) No to option (2) because of use of formal language
(iii) Choose the correct opening line for the letter. Ans. (b)
(a) Three days ago we had discussed about the different
stationery articles at your store. (vi) Choose the correct complementary closing for the
(b) This is in reference with our telephonic conversation above letter.
about the different stationery articles at your store. (a) Yours faithfully
(c) This is with reference to our telephonic conversation Naveen
three days ago wherein we had discussed about the Store–incharge
different stationery articles at your store. ABC Senior Secondary School
(d) This is to refer to your telephonic conversation three Kolkata
days ago. (b) Yours faithfully
Ans. (c) Naveen
(iv) Choose the option which has the correct list of order Kolkata
(c) Yours lovingly
(a) S. No. Articles Qty Naveen
1. White Paper (17” x 27”) 10 reams Store–incharge
2. Stencil Paper 10 boxes (d) Yours obediently
Naveen
3. White Chalk Stick 12 gross
Store–incharge
4. Footballs 12 ABC Senior Secondary School
Kolkata
(b) S. No. Articles Qty
Ans. (a)
1. White Paper (17” x 27”) 10 reams
7. You are the librarian of Amla Public School. You
2. Stencil Paper 10 boxes
had placed an order for textbooks with Dhanpati
3. White Chalk Stick 12 gross and Sons. Since the books did not arrive on time,
4. Carbon Paper (Black) 12 boxes you have decided to cancel the order. Write a letter
5. School bags 20 to the Manager, Dhanpati and Sons, Chennai,
cancelling the order.
(c) S. No. Articles Qty (i) Which of the following aspects are required to be
1. White Paper (17” x 27”) 10 reams mentioned in the letter by the librarian?
1. Photocopy of the Invoice
2. Stencil Paper 10 boxes
2. Date on which letter is to be written
3. Slates 5 3. Expected date of reply
4. Expected date of delivery
(d) S. No. Articles Qty 5. Receiver’s address
1. White Paper (17” x 27”) 10 reams (a) 1, 2 and 5
2. Stencil Paper 10 boxes (b) 2, 3 and 4
3. White Chalk Stick 12 gross (c) 1, 2, 4 and 5
(d) 3, 4 and 5
4. Carbon Paper (Black) 12 boxes
Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
(ii) Which of the following options is correct for (c) delivery had not been made till 19th January
Sender’s Address, Date and Receiver’s Address? (d) delivery has not been made till 19th January
Answer in reference to the letter. Ans. (d)
(a) Manager (ii) (a) treat the cancelled order
Dhanpati and Son (b) kindly treat the order
Chennai (c) kindly treat the order as cancelled
15th September, 20XX (d) order as cancelled
Librarian Ans. (c)
Amla Public School
Bangalore (vi) Choose the correct concluding line of the letter.
(b) Amla Public School (a) I expect a written confirmation of this cancellation
15th of September 20XX. from you and a full refund within 7 to 10 days.
Manager, Dhanpati and Sons (b) I expect a written confirmation of this cancellation
from you and a full refund within 7 to 10 days. Please
Chennai
find enclosed a copy of the invoice.
(c) Amla Public School
(c) I expect full refund within 7 to 10 days.
Bangalore
(d) I expect a written confirmation of this cancellation.
15th September, 20XX
Please find enclosed a copy of invoice.
Manager
Dhanpati and Sons Ans. (b)
Chennai
(d) Dhanpati and Sons Chennai
September 15th, 20XX
Librarian
PART 2
Amla Public School
Bangalore
Subjective Questions
Ans. (c)
1. You are Vaibhavi Sinha, examination incharge,
(iii) Choose the correct subject for the letter. Goodway Public School, Aurobindo Road, Indore.
(a) Supply of books (b) Cancellation of order You require 4 reams of white paper, 2 packets of
(c) Supply (d) Supply our order carbon paper, one dozen registers, blue and red ball
Ans. (b) point pens (50 each). Place an order with Sunrise
(iv) Choose the correct opening line for the letter. Stationery Mart, 12 Mall Road, Indore mentioning
(a) I hope that you are in possession of receipt of our terms of payment, discount asked by you and
order No. A/27/2/04 dated 20th December 20XX for delivery date. CBSE 2020
the supply of 200 copies of MA Kalam’s Accounting, Ans. Goodway Public School
by 10th January 20XX. Aurobindo Road, Indore
(b) I hope that you are in possession of receipt of your 5th March, 20XX
order No. A/27/2/04 dated 20th December 20XX by Sunrise Stationery Mart
10th January 20XX. 12 Mall Road, Indore
(c) You are in possession of receipt of your order No.
Subject Placing an order for Stationery
A/27/2/04 dated 20th December 20XX for the supply
of 200 copies of MA Kalam’s Accounting. Sir/Ma’am
We would like to place a bulk order of stationery items
(d) I think that you are in possession of receipt of our
for the academic session 2020-2021. The particulars of
order No. A/27/2/04 dated 20th December 20XX for
the products and the quantity to be supplied are given
the supply of 200 copies of MA Kalam’s Accounting,
below.
by 10th January 20XX.
Ans. (a) S.No Product Quantity
(v) Complete the following to give the reason for 1. White Paper 4 reams
cancellation of the order.
2. Carbon Paper 2 packets
I regret to inform you that the (i) .............. . We
have no option but to cancel the order. We request 3. Registers 1 dozen
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Metal from ’62 Taken Out of Hand.
Doctor D. R. Peters, of Mount Sterling, Ill., has removed from one of the
fingers on one hand of J. P. Amonett a small piece of metal that he had
received in the battle of Shiloh in the Civil War in 1862. The metal has been
troubling Amonett lately, and he decided to have it removed. He said it
seemed several times larger than it was.
Sleeps One Year and Expires.

After sleeping almost continuously for one year, Henry Mankey, a
trooper during the Civil War, died in Columbus, Ohio. Physicians say the
case is without parallel in medical annals. Mankey was seventy-four years
old. The long sleep was held to be due to an injury.
Champion Woman Swimmer.

Miss Constance Meyer, champion woman swimmer of Portland, Ore.,
and one of the best on the Pacific coast, knew nothing about swimming
three years ago. One day she attempted to cross a stream on horseback. The
horse was unable to carry her across and she slipped into the water and held
to his tail. Fortunately, he got to the shore with her, but Miss Meyer made
up her mind that she must learn to swim. She began at the Portland Y. W. C.
A., and soon became so proficient that she entered outdoor contests. When
the national-championship contests at the San Francisco Exposition were
announced recently, Miss Meyer was sent from Portland.
“Learn to swim,” is her advice to every girl. “It is good for your health
and may get you out of danger some time.”
Toadstools Kill Two.

Carlo Muzzareller and Dominic Mulano are dead, and ten other persons
are seriously ill in West Franklin, Ill., as the result of including toadstools in
a picnic luncheon. Little hope is held out for the recovery of the sick.
Many Ill from Rabbit Meat.

As a result of eating rabbits that had eaten loco weed, several score
persons in Kenna, N. M., and the surrounding farming community were
severely ill. Physicians were at a loss to account for the epidemic till they
learned that every person who was ill had recently eaten rabbit meat.
Rabbits and loco weed are extraordinarily plentiful this year, and hunters
say that thousands of rabbits are locoed.
Fifty Thousand Dollars for Each Foot Lost.

Miss Daisy B. James, who had been a dancer at the Winter Garden in
New York, values each of her lost feet at fifty thousand dollars.
She filed an action in the New Jersey Supreme Court, in Newark, N. J.,
for one hundred thousand dollars against the Lackawanna Railroad. Miss
James was in such haste to board a train in East Orange on June 10th last
that she ran under the closed gates. As the train drew into the station, the air
suction caught her wide taffeta skirts and sucked her under the cars. Both
legs were cut off.
Trapping Arizona Monkeys.

Trapping monkeys is the latest industry to spring into prominence in
Arizona. Several citizens of Parker, Ariz., have formed the Colorado River
Monkey Company, with the intention of trapping and marketing a colony of
several hundred monkeys known to exist in Cunningham Pass, an almost
inaccessible cañon located northeast of this place.
There was a big gold excitement at the Pass in 1882. Among those who
rushed in was an Italian organ grinder with a pair of monkeys. The monkeys
escaped and have been multiplying ever since, in spite of the depredations
of coyotes and other predatory animals.
Never Again for Johnny.

Johnny Williams, ten-year-old son of John N. Williams, of Big Laurel,
Va., declares that he will never swing on another grapevine until he has
carefully examined both ends.
A few days ago Johnny was out in the woods with some other boys and
they found a grapevine, which, by cutting it off near the ground, would
make a swing that they could take hold of and swing far out over a deep
ravine.
Johnny was the most fearless in the bunch, so he grabbed onto the vine
as soon as it was cut loose and swung out over the hollow. The other end of
the vine had not taken hold of the limbs of the tree sufficiently to hold his
weight, and he fell, taking the vine with him. He would have been dashed to
death against the rocks below if he had not landed in the top of a beech tree.
He caught onto a limb and held there until he could get a better balance, but
the worst part was still to come, for the beech was a very tall one and there
was no limbs for sixty feet above the ground. So there the boy had to sit for
five long hours until men came with ladders and brought him down.
Pigeons Break World’s Record.

Claim of a new world’s record for flight by homing pigeons was made
by the Fort Worth Pigeon Fanciers’ Association. Four birds liberated at
New Orleans, covered the 579 miles to Fort Worth in fourteen hours,
maintaining an average of forty-one miles an hour.
Large Mound on Man’s Head.

Contractor Charles S. Wilcox’s thick “two-story” fedora saved him from
instant death when a carpenter on the fifth floor of a new building, in
Lansing, Mich., dropped a hammer on his head. Wilcox was on the first
floor. The blow made him imitate a merry-go-round, but he finally got
control and kept his balance. At present he is wearing a big mound beneath
his life-saving hat.
Can’t Catch Weasel Asleep.

U. S. Liphart, a farmer near Windsor, Pa., will receive bounty for
trapping a weasel in his trousers. He has forwarded the head of the animal
to the commissioner’s office, together with an affidavit made before Justice
D. A. Heindel.
Liphart was plowing when he noticed the weasel chasing a chipmunk.
He went to the rescue, and the weasel turned on him and made a dart for his
pantaloon leg, ascending rapidly. When it got as far as the knee, Liphart
seized it and choked the life out of it.
Breaks Dentistry Records.

Mrs. James Seever, of Atchison, Kan., had twenty-five of her teeth
pulled by a dentist, and did not take an anæsthetic. She did not become
nervous or hysterical during the ordeal, and went home unassisted.
Vest Will Urge Big Navy.

The Navy League will send over the country to lecture in behalf of a
greater navy Alexander S. Vest, son of former Senator George Graham Vest,
Missouri, the last surviving member of the Congress of the Confederate
States of America and an intimate friend of Jefferson Davis.
Feeding the Two-headed Calf.

Fed through rubber tubing, the two-headed calf at the country home of
Tom van Swearington, in Shenandoah, Iowa, has been kept alive since its
birth, a fortnight ago, and has strength enough to almost stand alone now.
The freak of nature has attracted a great deal of attention.
Animal Horns and Antlers.

A record of the conditions of the deer, moose, and elk in the zoölogical
park of New York City proves that their formidable-looking horns and
antlers, which are newly acquired each year, are grown within four months.
The old horns are dropped in the spring. The largest elk in the zoo lost both
his antlers last year nine hours apart, on March 21st. By June 21st, the full-
length antler had grown, although it was still soft or “in the velvet.”
The dropping of the horn leaves a small circle of skull exposed. Within a
week this is covered with brown skin. Then a round knob appears,
resembling a tomato except in color. It soon begins to lengthen out into the
horns which are to come, the growth sometimes amounting to nearly an
inch in a day. When soft and growing, the horns are full of blood. After they
have reached their full length, they begin to harden. By October the velvet
has been worn off by rubbing against tree trunks and the horns are hard and
smooth.
Tragic Dream Comes True.

Fulfilled premonitions constitute no small part of the lore of the
mountains of southwest Virginia. The following story which was added to
this lore recently was related by an old lady, Mrs. Richard Mullins, of
Haddonfield, Va., whose word is to be relied upon.
Two men by the name of Fleming, who were cutting timber for a lumber
concern, were boarding at Mrs. Mullin’s. Finally their work was almost
completed and the two men, whose first names were Clinton and Walter,
saw that they could finish the work in another day.
The following night Mrs. Mullins dreamed that she saw a tree fall on
Walter, crushing him to a shapeless mass. She related the dream next
morning, but the men apparently gave it no consideration and walked to
their work with light hearts. They were working near the house, and about
one o’clock that afternoon Mrs. Mullins was startled by the screams from
Clinton, and she hurried to the place. There she found that a tree had fallen
on Walter and killed him instantly.
Shot Through Brain, Lives.

With a bullet through his brain, physicians say Clay Brewster, aged
fourteen, of Hoisington, Kan., will live. Young Brewster was accidentally
shot in the left eye, three weeks ago, the shot passing through the cerebrum
of the brain and coming out at the top of the head. The bullet was removed.
He has regained consciousness and makes his wants known by signs, being
unable to talk.
Kills Rat with Blow of Fist.

Thomas Dean, a Sunbury, Pa., man, was awakened from sleep by a pain
in his right hand. He found three of his fingers bleeding. Turning his head
on the pillow, he discovered a huge rat sitting on the pillow, and, Dean said,
“apparently grinning in fiendish delight at what he had done to the hand.”
With a crushing blow from his fist he struck the rat and sent it against the
side of the room. The rodent fell dead. Dean weighed it and found its
weight to be three pounds.
As proof of the occurrence, Dean showed the rat’s body, unmarked, to
his friends. Doctors cauterized the wounds.
Three-ring Movies Latest Idea.

“Three-ring movies” are the latest. Three film plays are shown at one
time on three screens. This is at the Grand Central Palace in New York.
If you don’t care for the comedy on the screen to the left, you can look at
the romantic play in the center screen, or at the thriller on the screen to the
right.
The chief advantage is that when you go in to see your favorite hero of
the movies, who is billed on the posters outside, or go in to see a certain
comedy, you aren’t compelled to sit waiting through a program of pictures
you don’t care about particularly. It is an arrangement for busy folk who
drop into a movie theater at the noon hour.
Wed Editor to Muzzle Her.

Miss Sadie Velle Fenton, of Denver, Col., Vassar graduate and the
youngest woman editor in the United States, says that she has had to refuse
numerous matrimonial offers from men who proposed mainly for the reason
that they desired to control the editorial policy of her paper, the Logansport
Times, published in the Indiana town of that name, and having the
reputation of being the oldest local prohibition paper in America.
“I’ve had lots of proposals since I’ve been editing the paper,” said Miss
Fenton, “but they have been from men who wanted to marry me because
they would like to edit the paper. Several of these were from men who did
not believe in my views on prohibition and suffrage, and evidently thought
the quickest way to correct them would be to marry me.”
Two-story House Disappears.

Without warning, a two-story house, occupied by Andrew Lappi and his
family on the site of the Colby mine, near Bessemer, Mich., suddenly sank
into the earth and dropped the depth of the shaft. The family was away at
the time, and, on returning, failed to find their house. A large stretch of
country has been undermined in this vicinity, and several families are
moving to other localities.
Costs Extra Cent for Show.

As soon as proper arrangements are made by the board of control of
Montreal, Canada, for collecting the tax, every patron of a place of
amusement will be obliged to add one cent to the cost of his theater ticket.
The city council gave third reading of the necessary bylaw, based on the
authority secured at the last session of the legislature.
“The words ‘place of amusement’ shall mean and include theater, a
moving-picture hall, an amusement hall, concert hall, circus, playground,
race course, skating rink, and any other place in the city where any
exhibition or entertainment whatsoever is given and an entrance fee
collected,” explains the ordinance.
The tax is imposed on each person admitted into any place of
amusement, even if such person is admitted with a complimentary card or
ticket.
How Much Silver is Wasted.

A greater amount of pure silver is used each year in this country in
photography and photo-engraving than for any other purpose except the
coinage of the United States. By the methods in general use only about ten
per cent of the silver consumed in these industries is actually utilized. The
remainder is simply wasted in the solutions which are thrown daily into the
sinks to go out through the drain pipes.
Several schemes for conserving this waste are now being considered.
One consists in saving the solutions in jars and barrels to be refined or
evaporated to regain the silver. Another method, which is really quite
practical, is to utilize the silver wasted in the fixing bath for silver plating.
The process is so simple that it can readily be carried on even by an
amateur. The liquid is strained or filtered and placed in a hard-rubber box.
An ordinary galvanic cell is attached by copper wires to a copper plate in
one end of the receptacle. The articles to be plated should be well cleaned
and placed in the solution opposite the copper plate. The silver will begin to
deposit immediately. Fifteen or twenty minutes will suffice for a thorough
plating. In most photographic establishments enough silver solution is
thrown away each day to plate a couple of dozen spoons or forks.
Dog with Only Two Legs Left.

Carmargo, in Dewey County, Okla., has dogs—big dogs, little dogs, and,
in fact, all kinds of dogs, but one in particular is somewhat of an oddity.
This is a dog that travels on two legs.
Several months ago a dog belonging to Mr. Storey, section foreman, was
run over by a train and two of his legs cut off. For some time he was unable
to move around, but now has recovered so that he can navigate quite
handily. The two legs on which he is forced to walk are both on one side.
He not only walks, but can also run, and seems to be about as well able to
get around as a dog with four good legs.
The Nick Carter Stories

ISSUED EVERY SATURDAY BEAUTIFUL COLORED COVERS
When it comes to detective stories worth while, the Nick Carter Stories
contain the only ones that should be considered. They are not overdrawn
tales of bloodshed. They rather show the working of one of the finest minds
ever conceived by a writer. The name of Nick Carter is familiar all over the
world, for the stories of his adventures may be read in twenty languages. No
other stories have withstood the severe test of time so well as those
contained in the Nick Carter Stories. It proves conclusively that they are
the best. We give herewith a list of some of the back numbers in print. You
can have your news dealer order them, or they will be sent direct by the
publishers to any address upon receipt of the price in money or postage
stamps.
730—The Torn Card.
731—Under Desperation’s Spur.
732—The Connecting Link.
733—The Abduction Syndicate.
738—A Plot Within a Plot.
739—The Dead Accomplice.
746—The Secret Entrance.
747—The Cavern Mystery.
748—The Disappearing Fortune.
749—A Voice from the Past.
752—The Spider’s Web.
753—The Man With a Crutch.
754—The Rajah’s Regalia.
755—Saved from Death.
756—The Man Inside.
757—Out for Vengeance.
758—The Poisons of Exili.
759—The Antique Vial.
760—The House of Slumber.
761—A Double Identity.
762—“The Mocker’s” Stratagem.
763—The Man that Came Back.
764—The Tracks in the Snow.
765—The Babbington Case.
766—The Masters of Millions.
767—The Blue Stain.
768—The Lost Clew.
770—The Turn of a Card.
771—A Message in the Dust.
772—A Royal Flush.
774—The Great Buddha Beryl.
775—The Vanishing Heiress.
776—The Unfinished Letter.
777—A Difficult Trail.
782—A Woman’s Stratagem.
783—The Cliff Castle Affair.
784—A Prisoner of the Tomb.
785—A Resourceful Foe.
789—The Great Hotel Tragedies.
795—Zanoni, the Transfigured.
796—The Lure of Gold.
797—The Man With a Chest.
798—A Shadowed Life.
799—The Secret Agent.
800—A Plot for a Crown.
801—The Red Button.
802—Up Against It.
803—The Gold Certificate.
804—Jack Wise’s Hurry Call.
805—Nick Carter’s Ocean Chase.
807—Nick Carter’s Advertisement.
808—The Kregoff Necklace.
811—Nick Carter and the Nihilists.
812—Nick Carter and the Convict Gang.
813—Nick Carter and the Guilty Governor.
814—The Triangled Coin.
815—Ninety-nine—and One.
816—Coin Number 77.
NEW SERIES
NICK CARTER STORIES
1—The Man from Nowhere.
2—The Face at the Window.
3—A Fight for a Million.
4—Nick Carter’s Land Office.
5—Nick Carter and the Professor.
6—Nick Carter as a Mill Hand.
7—A Single Clew.
8—The Emerald Snake.
9—The Currie Outfit.
10—Nick Carter and the Kidnaped Heiress.
11—Nick Carter Strikes Oil.
12—Nick Carter’s Hunt for a Treasure.
13—A Mystery of the Highway.
14—The Silent Passenger.
15—Jack Dreen’s Secret.
16—Nick Carter’s Pipe Line Case.
17—Nick Carter and the Gold Thieves.
18—Nick Carter’s Auto Chase.
19—The Corrigan Inheritance.
20—The Keen Eye of Denton.
21—The Spider’s Parlor.
22—Nick Carter’s Quick Guess.
23—Nick Carter and the Murderess.
24—Nick Carter and the Pay Car.
25—The Stolen Antique.
26—The Crook League.
27—An English Cracksman.
28—Nick Carter’s Still Hunt.
29—Nick Carter’s Electric Shock.
30—Nick Carter and the Stolen Duchess.
31—The Purple Spot.
32—The Stolen Groom.
33—The Inverted Cross.
34—Nick Carter and Keno McCall.
35—Nick Carter’s Death Trap.
36—Nick Carter’s Siamese Puzzle.
37—The Man Outside.
38—The Death Chamber.
39—The Wind and the Wire.
40—Nick Carter’s Three Cornered Chase.
41—Dazaar, the Arch-Fiend.
42—The Queen of the Seven.
43—Crossed Wires.
44—A Crimson Clew.
45—The Third Man.
46—The Sign of the Dagger.
47—The Devil Worshipers.
48—The Cross of Daggers.
49—At Risk of Life.
50—The Deeper Game.
51—The Code Message.
52—The Last of the Seven.
53—Ten-Ichi, the Wonderful.
54—The Secret Order of Associated Crooks.
55—The Golden Hair Clew.
56—Back From the Dead.
57—Through Dark Ways.
58—When Aces Were Trumps.
59—The Gambler’s Last Hand.
60—The Murder at Linden Fells.
61—A Game for Millions.
62—Under Cover.
63—The Last Call.
64—Mercedes Danton’s Double.
65—The Millionaire’s Nemesis.
66—A Princess of the Underworld.
67—The Crook’s Blind.
68—The Fatal Hour.
69—Blood Money.
70—A Queen of Her Kind.
71—Isabel Benton’s Trump Card.
72—A Princess of Hades.
73—A Prince of Plotters.
74—The Crook’s Double.
75—For Life and Honor.
76—A Compact With Dazaar.
77—In the Shadow of Dazaar.
78—The Crime of a Money King.
79—Birds of Prey.
80—The Unknown Dead.
81—The Severed Hand.
82—The Terrible Game of Millions.
83—A Dead Man’s Power.
84—The Secrets of an Old House.
85—The Wolf Within.
86—The Yellow Coupon.
87—In the Toils.
88—The Stolen Radium.
89—A Crime in Paradise.
90—Behind Prison Bars.
91—The Blind Man’s Daughter.
92—On the Brink of Ruin.
93—Letter of Fire.
94—The $100,000 Kiss.
95—Outlaws of the Militia.
96—The Opium-Runners.
97—In Record Time.
98—The Wag-Nuk Clew.
99—The Middle Link.
100—The Crystal Maze.
101—A New Serpent in Eden.
102—The Auburn Sensation.
103—A Dying Chance.
104—The Gargoni Girdle.
105—Twice in Jeopardy.
106—The Ghost Launch.
107—Up in the Air.
108—The Girl Prisoner.
109—The Red Plague.
110—The Arson Trust.
111—The King of the Firebugs.
112—“Lifter’s” of the Lofts.
113—French Jimmie and His Forty Thieves.
114—The Death Plot.
115—The Evil Formula.
116—The Blue Button.
117—The Deadly Parallel.
118—The Vivisectionists.
119—The Stolen Brain.
120—An Uncanny Revenge.
121—The Call of Death.
122—The Suicide.
123—Half a Million Ransom.
124—The Girl Kidnaper.
125—The Pirate Yacht.
126—The Crime of the White Hand.
127—Found in the Jungle.
128—Six Men in a Loop.
129—The Jewels of Wat Chang.
130—The Crime in the Tower.
131—The Fatal Message.
132—Broken Bars.
133—Won by Magic.
134—The Secret of Shangore.
135—Straight to the Goal.
136—The Man They Held Back.
137—The Seal of Gijon.
138—The Traitors of the Tropics.
139—The Pressing Peril.
140—The Melting-Pot.
141—The Duplicate Night.
142—The Edge of a Crime.
143—The Sultan’s Pearls.
144—The Clew of the White Collar.
145—An Unsolved Mystery.
146—Paying the Price.
147—On Death’s Trail.
148—The Mark of Cain.
Dated July 17th, 1915.
149—A Network of Crime.
Dated July 24th, 1915.
150—The House of Fear.
Dated July 31st, 1915.
151—The Mystery of the Crossed Needles.
Dated August 7th, 1915.
152—The Forced Crime.
153—The Doom of Sang Tu.
Dated August 21st, 1915.
154—The Mask of Death.
155—The Gordon Elopement.
Dated Sept. 4th, 1915.
156—Blood Will Tell.
PRICE, FIVE CENTS PER COPY. If you want any back numbers of our
weeklies and cannot procure them from your news dealer, they can be
obtained direct from this office. Postage stamps taken the same as money.
STREET & SMITH, Publishers, 79-89 Seventh Ave., NEW YORK CITY
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NICK CARTER
STORIES NO. 154, AUGUST 21, 1915: THE MASK OF DEATH; OR,
NICK CARTER'S CURIOUS CASE ***
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Arihant term 2 English 2021 22 Yuvraj

Arihant term 2 science 2021 22 Yuvraj Yadav

Arihant term 2 IT 2021 22 Yuvraj Yadav

Arihant term 2 Social science SST 2021 22 Yuvraj Yadav

Arihant CBSE English Core Term 2 Class 11 for 2022 Exam

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OSWAAL BOOKS CBSE MCQs CHAPTERWISE QUESTIONS BANK F

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WRITING SKILLS . Formal Letters -

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Questions (iv) What qualities do the writer of the above passage

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