MIDTERM REVIEWER RIPH

TYPE OF EXAM:
Multiple Choice, Association Type, Identifying Error, Fill in the Blanks, Identification type

 Treaty of Peace (Treaty of Paris)

- between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain ,
signed in Paris, December 10, 1898

- ratifications exchanged at Washington, April 11, 1899;

CLAUSES OF THE TREATY

 ARTICLE I
- Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba.

- And as the island is, upon its evacuation by Spain, to be occupied

by the United States, the United States will, so long as such as
occupation shall last, assume and discharge the obligations that may
under international law result from the fact of its occupation, for
the protection of life and property.

 ARTICLE V
- The United States will, upon the signature of the present treaty,
send back to Spain, at its own cost, the Spanish soldiers taken as
prisoners of war on the capture of Manila by the American forces. The
arms of the soldiers in question shall be restored to them.

- Spain will, upon the exchange of the ratifications of the present

treaty, proceed to evacuate the Philippines, as well as the island of
Guam, on terms similar to those agreed upon by the Commissioners
appointed to arrange for the evacuation of Porto Rico and other
islands in the West Indies, under the Protocol of August 12, 1898,
which is to continue in force till its provisions are completely
executed.
  ARTICLE VI

- Spain will, upon the signature of the present treaty, release all
prisoners of war, and all persons detained or imprisoned for political
offenses, in connection with the insurrections in Cuba and the
Philippines and the war with the United States.

- Reciprocally, the United States will release all persons made

prisoners of war by the American forces, and will undertake to obtain
the release of all Spanish prisoners in the hands of the insurgents in
Cuba and the Philippines.

 ARTICLE VIII

- In conformity with the provisions of Articles I, II, and III of this

treaty, Spain relinquishes in Cuba, and cedes in Porto Rico and other
islands in the West Indies, in the island of Guam, and in the
Philippine Archipelago, all the buildings, wharves, barracks, forts,
structures, public highways and other immovable property which, in
conformity with law, belong to the public domain, and as such belong
to the Crown of Spain.

 ARTICLE XV

- The Government of each country will, for the term of ten years,
accord to the merchant vessels of the other country the same treatment
in respect of all port charges, including entrance and clearance dues,
light dues, and tonnage duties, as its accords to its own merchant
vessels, not engaged in the coast-wise trade.

- This article may at any time be terminated on six months’ notice

given by either Government to the other.

 ARTICLE XVII

- The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United

States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and
by Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain; and the ratifications shall
be exchanged at Washington within six months from the date hereof, or
 earlier if possible.

PERSONALITIES

 ALFRED MCCOY

- J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-

Madison who specializes in Southeast Asia.

- He has written about and testified before Congress on,

Philippine political history, opium trafficking in the Golden Triangle,
underworld crime syndicates, and international political surveillance.

 VICENTE SOTTO
- He never missed to attack the church

 LEONARD WOOD
- a United States Army major general, physician, and public
official. He served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army,
Military Governor of Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines.

- graduate of Harvard Medical School (1884) and began his

military career the next year as a civilian contract surgeon with the
U.S. Army in the Southwest, achieving the rank of captain and
assistant surgeon by 1891. He was awarded a Medal of Honor for his
service with the expedition against the Apache Indians who were
resisting the capture of their leader, Geronimo (1886).

- In 1921, President Harding—recognizing Wood’s administrative

talent and experience—appointed him to the Wood-Forbes Mission to the
Philippines. The mission reported that a grant of immediate
independence to the islands would be premature and urged the U.S.
government not to be left in a position of responsibility without
authority. Wood was then appointed governor-general of the Philippines,
a post he held until forced to resign by a terminal illness in 1927.

- This excerpt discusses the apparent issues faced by the

Filipino officials during his time in office as the Governor General
of the Philippines. (Britanica.com)
Is the Police Force Bribed? (The Independent, June 09, 1917), p. 32.
THIS CARTOON DEPICTS THE FIRST of Manila. THIS CARTOON DEPICTS THE
FIRST of Manila's periodic police scandals.
In 1917 a mysterious informant name Pedro Chua wrote the
Philippines Free Press alleging that senior police were accepting
bribes from Chinese gambling houses in Binondo and Quiapo districtsa's
periodic police scandals.
New Bird of Prey (The Independent, 17 January 1920), B. Harrison
made a tentative move towards reform. In a letter to the Director
General of the Civil Service, the Governor denounced "the rapacious
demands of the landlords" he suggested passage of a bill which set
rents at 12 percent of assessed value of the property
Where The Mosquito Is King, Donde El Mosquito Es Rey (Free Press,
16 April 1921), p. 36. Built on a swamp and ringed with streams and
ponds Manila is natural breeding ground for malarial mosquitos. During
the 19th century, Spanish public health procedures were grossly
inadequate to the imperatives of Manila's site, and the Americans
found the city of cesspool of ill health when they occupied it in 1898.
With their experience in tropical health gained in the Caribbean,
Americans made major advances in epidemic disease control during the
first decades of their rule. Through an arbitrary application of
public health regulations, the Board of Health brought tropical
disease -- malaria, smallpox, cholera and plague -- under control.
During the cholera epidemic of 1902-04, for example, 4,386 people
died in Manila, a mild toll compared to previous outbreaks in the late
19th century. Subsequent outbreaks in 1905-06 were contained and by
1911 the disease had been eradicated.

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” “Libertad, Igualdad, Fraternidad”

((Philippines Free Press, Feb. 12, 1921), p. 41. The Philippine
Assembly passed a law authorizing all legislators, active or retired,
to bear firearms.
Brothers Under the Skin urges Filipinos, in the name of Rizal
whose birthday was following day, to end social conflict and deal with
each other fairly
The Loyalty of the Filipinos (below) was published on 14 April
1917, only ten days after the U.S Congress declared war on Germany and
America entered the conflict. The artist Fernando Amorsolo draws a
wise, handsome Uncle Sam leading little Juan, loyal and smiling, on
the road to war. Accurately gauging America’s mood, House speaker
Sergio Osmeña won unprecedented political concessions by suspending
the independence campaign for the duration and offering the United
States 25,000 troops, a destroyer and a submarine. Despite the
country’s poverty, Osmeña orchestrated a nationwide loyalty drive
which netted $20 million in U.S. war bond sales and $500.000 in Red
Cross donation
The Latest (above), In November Quezon led a new mission to
Washington and returned five months later with the same bill by a
different name, just in time to crush his rivals in the June 1934
legislative elections. As hero of the independence battles, Quezon’s
leadership for the rest of the decade was assured
RAIDERS OF THE SULU SEA
A LEGACY OF HEREOS, STORY OF BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR
WORKS OF JUAN LUNA AND FERNANDO AMORSOLO

 JUAN LUNA
- He was a prominent propagandist who pushed for political
reforms along with Jose Rizal
- His victory taking the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition
of Fine Arts for his “Spoliarium”, along with the 2nd prize silver of
fellow Filipino painter Felix Hidalgo, created a celebration that
would be a highlight in the memoirs of members of the Propaganda
Movement

 FERNANDO AMORSOLO
- First National Artist in Painting (1972) of the Philippines,
and is also referred to as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art“
- Amorsolo graduated from both Liceo de Manila Art School in 1909
and the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts. He also
graduated from U.P. with honors in 1914, and received a study grant in
Madrid, Spain. While in New York, his art was influenced with an
encounter with postwar impressionism and cubism, creating a uniquely

WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENTS

 KAMPILAN
- Heavy single-edged sword adorned with hair to make it look even
more intimidating
 - At the tip of the blade are two horns projecting from the blunt
side which is used to pick up the head of a decapitated body

 KRIS
- Weapon of warfare and ceremony
- Measuring up to 1.2 meters in length, was not only carried by
slave raiders into battle but also by nobles and high-ranking
officials of the southern sultanates
- Double-edged and with either a smooth or wavy blade

 BARONG
- One the Tausug warriors use to cut off an M-14, a carbine
- A single-edged leaf-shaped blade made of thick tempered steel
- This approximately one-meter long weapon was used in close
hand-to-hand battle to cut Spanish firearms down to size

 GARAY
- Built from bamboo, wood, and the nipa palm and could carry more
than 100 sailors.
- This single-sailed ship was 25 meters long and six meters
across and housed a powder magazine and cannon at the bow.
- With 30 to 60 oars on each side, the garay was faster than any
other seagoing vessel of its time

ETHNIC TRIBES (PHILIPPINES)

 TWO MAIN KINGDOMS CONTROLLING MUSLIM COLONIES (SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES)
- The Sulu and Maguindanao sultanates

 RAJAH DALASI
 - king of Maguindanao
- launched a bloody attack on Fort Pilar

 BALANGINGI TRIBE (SAMAL)

- Occupied the chain of islands between Basilan and Sulu island.
- Also a long-standing seafaring community

-- A Historiography documentary film focusing on Zamboanga City

depicting how the Spaniards defended the city with the Fort Pilar as
Spain’s last stronghold and bastion of defense and economic expansion
in the South of the Philippines.--

 TAUSUG
- A tribe without maritime experience, but known for its fierce
warriors and widespread political power

 A Legacy of Heroes, Story of Bataan and Corregidor (Documentary

Film)
- The film centers on the stories of valor and heroism by the
gallant Filipino veterans of World War 2. Through the eyewitness
accounts of patriotic Filipino and American men who fought, the
documentary returns to the events of the war, beginning from the
attacks of the Japanese at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and then the
Philippines immediately after, to the battles in Bataan and Corregidor
and the Death March where courage and sacrifice rose to its heights
creating a saga in Philippine history and a legacy of heroes that will
always be remembered.

 RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO
– Abolished exemptions of tribute annual tax, took the liberty of
Filipinos

 THE CAVITE MUTINY

- was an uprising of Filipino military personnel of Fort San
Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippine Islands (then also
known as part of the Spanish East Indies) on January 20, 1872
 FRANCISCO ALBO
– With the logbook

- Magellan, however, gave the name “Islas de San Lazaro”

(Archipelago of St. Lazarus) to the Philippines.

 FATHER PEDRO DE VALDERRAMA OF FERDINANDO

– Conducted the first mass

 EASTER SUNDAY
– Celebration of first mass

 DELA TORRE
- Accused as being with the rebels

 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 2733 | SENATE OF THE PHILIPPINE LEGISLATIVE

- AN ACT TO DECLARE THE SITE IN MAGALLANES, LIMASAWA ISLAND IN
THE PROVINCE OF LEYTE, WHERE THE FIRST MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES WAS
HELD AS A NATIONAL SHRINE

 SGT. FERNANDO LA MADRID

- led the multineers to seized the Fort as well as to kill the
Spanish officers.

 PIO VALENZUELA’S CONTROVERSIAL “CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN” (AUGUST 23,

1896)

 “CRY OF BAHAY TORO (AUGUST 24, 1896)

- Santiago Alvarez

 GREGORIA DE JESUS (LAKAMBINI NG KATIPUNAN)

- Version Of the First “Cry” (August 25, 1896)

 CAPTAIN OLEGARIO DIAZ

- Spanish commander of the Guardia Civil Veterans of Manila, who
investigated the discovery of the Katipunan
Remarks:
Attended with Supremos – 5000 members
by Katipunan General Guillermo Masangkay is Bonifacio’s childhood
friend.

 GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
- “The Cry of Balintawak,”
On August 26th [1896 — Z], a big meeting was held in
Balintawak, at the house of Apolonio Samson, then the cabeza of
that barrio of Caloocan. Among those who attended, I remember,
were Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Aguedo del Rosario, Tomas Remigio,
Briccio Pantes, Teodoro Plata, Pio Valenzuela, Enrique Pacheco
and Francisco Carreon

 TEODORO PLATA
– Bonifacio brother in law
-- Long live the Philippines, Long live the Philippines – Rebels
shouted after they tore their cedula --

 GREGORIO F. ZAIDE
– Historian of the Scheme Philippine History

Note: It is a SUPPLEMENTAl Review materials for MIDTERM exam. If

there’s any concern during the exam, please raise your question in our
meeting. Thank you and Godbless!