MECHANICAL SYSTEM: MOBILE CRANE

COMPANY/LOCATION:
NW Steel Technologies Inc.,
/ 2 Commonwealth Ave,
Novaliches, Quezon City, 1122 Metro Manila

MEMBERS:

CRUZADA, KENNETH A.

DELA CRUZ, MICHAEL BRYAN C.

LUCEÑA, ANGEL LANCE JERICHO A.

REBORIANO, JOHN MART DEJHAY D.

I. Introduction

Mobile cranes are strong and essential in various industries, supporting the lifting
and moving of heavy things with great precision and efficiency. They are crucial on busy
construction sites and in complex logistics for smooth supply chain operations. These
machines prove their importance repeatedly due to their ability to work in tight spaces. In
the dance of industry, mobile cranes play a vital role, carrying the weight of progress with
their reliable strength.

Their mechanical skills ensure heavy things are lifted smoothly, aiding the flow of
materials crucial for progress. Safety is a significant concern in their use, given the
potential for accidents in industrial settings. The integrity of these machines is essential
to prevent accidents and protect people and valuable assets. Mobile cranes represent a
commitment to excellence, contributing to the progress of industry with every lift. As we
explore mobile crane systems, it's crucial to recognize their impact on industry,
symbolizing a dedication to safety and reliability.

1.1 Project Background

This study goes beyond just explaining; it aims to uncover the detailed structure of
mobile crane systems. Going beyond the basics, the goal is to give a complete view,
exploring not only the obvious functions but also the intricate details that make these
strong machines what they are. In our quest for understanding, we take a journey through
design, operation, maintenance, and safety aspects specific to mobile crane systems. By
examining the layers covering their functions, we reveal the complex interaction of
mechanical and engineering details that control how they work.
1.2 Objectives

Maintaining a mobile crane is crucial to ensure its smooth operation and longevity.
One key objective is to regularly inspect and lubricate the crane's moving parts, such as
the boom and winch, to prevent wear and tear. This helps in identifying potential issues
early on and addressing them before they become major problems. Additionally,
operators should follow the manufacturer's guidelines for proper storage and usage to
extend the crane's lifespan.

Analyzing problems in a mobile crane involves a systematic approach. When an

issue arises, operators should first conduct a thorough visual inspection to identify any
visible damages or irregularities. Next, they can refer to the crane's manual to understand
its components and their functions. Troubleshooting may involve testing specific parts,
such as the hydraulic system or electrical components, to pinpoint the root cause. To
prevent future problems, operators should also adhere to a regular preventive
maintenance schedule, which includes tasks like checking fluid levels, inspecting cables,
and verifying safety features. By following these objectives, mobile crane operators can
ensure a safer and more efficient working environment.

1.3 Scope of Work

The scope of mobile crane maintenance routine inspections, lubrication, and

adherence to manufacturer guidelines for optimal operation. Regular visual checks, such
as inspecting the boom, winch, and hydraulic systems, fall within the scope, helping
identify potential issues early on. Proper lubrication of moving parts is crucial to prevent
wear and ensure smooth functioning. Adhering to storage and usage guidelines extends
the crane's lifespan. Troubleshooting involves a systematic approach to analyze
problems, which may include testing hydraulic and electrical components. Preventive
maintenance, within the scope, entails tasks like monitoring fluid levels, inspecting cables,
and verifying safety features to proactively avoid future problems.
1.4 Limitations:

Limitations to mobile crane maintenance. Operators should not attempt complex

repairs beyond their skill level, as this could lead to issues or compromise safety. Certain
maintenance tasks may require specialized knowledge or tools that are beyond the
capabilities of regular operators. Additionally, unexpected failures due to manufacturing
defects or external factors may be beyond the scope of routine maintenance. While
maintenance enhances reliability, it does not eliminate the possibility of sudden
malfunctions. Lastly, adherence to preventive maintenance schedules is essential, but
external factors such as harsh environmental conditions may impact the effectiveness of
these measures.

1.5 Key Words (Terminologies)

Boom- The extendable arm of the crane utilized for lifting, maneuvering, and positioning
loads with precision.

Counterweight- additional weight strategically installed on the rear of the crane to

stabilize, and counterbalance lifted loads, ensuring optimal operational balance and
safety.

Outrigger- Extendable supports deployed to enhance crane stability during lifting

operations, especially in challenging terrain or adverse environmental conditions.

Load Capacity- The maximum weight that a crane can safely lift under specified
conditions, determined by various factors including structural integrity, hydraulic capacity,
and operational limitations.

SWL (Safe Working Load)- The maximum load capacity allowed for a crane under
normal operating conditions, ensuring compliance with safety standards and minimizing
risks associated with overloading.
Chapter II: Audit Methodology

2.1 Model/Mechanical Standards

In ensuring the safety and reliability of mobile crane operations, we adopt a rigorous set
of model and mechanical standards. These standards serve as the foundation for our
audit and encompass various crucial elements:

• International Standards

Our audit methodology relies heavily on internationally recognized standards

established by esteemed bodies such as the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). These
standards provide comprehensive guidelines covering design, construction, and
operational parameters essential for ensuring the integrity of mobile crane systems.

• Manufacturer Specifications

We meticulously review and incorporate specific guidelines provided by mobile

crane manufacturers. These specifications offer valuable insights into the intended
design, usage, and maintenance requirements of the crane, ensuring alignment with
industry best practices and manufacturer recommendations.

• Regulatory Requirements

Our audit process is meticulously aligned with applicable regulatory standards

mandated by local, national, and international authorities. These regulatory standards are
integral in ensuring compliance with safety regulations and guidelines governing mobile
crane operations, thereby mitigating potential risks and liabilities.
2.2 Testing Methodology

Our testing methodology is characterized by a comprehensive and multi-faceted

approach aimed at evaluating the operational integrity and safety compliance of mobile
crane systems. Key components of our testing methodology include:

• Visual Inspection

We conduct a meticulous visual inspection of all crane components, meticulously

scrutinizing structural integrity, wear and tear patterns, fluid leaks, and any visible signs
of damage or malfunction. This visual assessment serves as a fundamental step in
identifying potential areas of concern and assessing the overall condition of the crane.

• Functional Testing

Operational tests are meticulously conducted to evaluate the functionality of critical

systems such as hydraulic mechanisms, load-bearing capacities, braking systems, and
emergency shutdown procedures. These tests simulate real-world operational scenarios,
providing valuable insights into the operational efficiency and reliability of the crane under
varying conditions.

2.3 Intervention Strategy

Based on the comprehensive findings of our audit, we formulate a strategic intervention

strategy aimed at addressing identified deficiencies and enhancing the overall safety and
efficiency of mobile crane operations. Our intervention strategy encompasses short,
medium, and long-term measures:

• Short-Term Recommendations

Immediate corrective actions are recommended to address critical safety issues

and operational deficiencies, mitigating imminent risks, and ensuring regulatory
compliance.
 • Medium-Term Recommendations

Implementation of preventive maintenance programs, component replacements,

and operator training initiatives are proposed to address underlying issues and improve
long-term reliability.

• Long-Term Recommendations

Strategic investments in advanced technologies, structural upgrades, and

operational enhancements are suggested to optimize crane performance, extend service
life, and adapt to evolving regulatory requirements.

2.4 Determination of Optimal Intervention Strategy

The determination of the optimal intervention strategy is a critical aspect of our audit
methodology, guided by a rigorous cost-benefit analysis considering various factors:

• Risk Assessment

We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of potential safety risks and operational

impacts associated with identified deficiencies. This assessment enables us to prioritize
interventions based on their criticality and potential impact on crane operations.

• Cost Analysis

A comparative assessment of intervention costs, including maintenance, repairs,

and upgrades, is conducted against potential financial implications of operational
downtime, accidents, and regulatory penalties. This analysis ensures that interventions
are cost-effective and aligned with budgetary constraints.

• Performance Metrics

An analysis of projected improvements in crane performance, reliability, and

operational efficiency resulting from proposed interventions is performed. This evaluation
enables us to quantify the anticipated benefits of interventions and assess their overall
impact on crane operations.