A FIRST COURSE IN

ELECTRIC DRIVES
Dr. Mohamed Ali
Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical
Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Egypt.

1
 ‫المحاضره الثالثة‬

STARTINGand
BREAKING

2
STARTING
CHAPTER FIVE
 ELECTRIC DRIVE FUNCTIONS
4

 Starting
 Speed control
 Braking
 Reversing of rotation direction

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.1 Effect of starting on power supply, motor, and
load
5

 Supply: Starting currents develop excessive voltage drops

 Motor: Extra heating
 Load: Safety, comfort, …

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.2 Methods of starting
6

 Full voltage starting (line starting)

 DC up to 2kW
 IM up to 4kW

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.2 Methods of starting
7

 Reduced voltage starting

 DC motor starting (Series
external resistance)

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.2 Methods of starting
8

 Reduced voltage starting

 IM starting by:
 Stator resistance starting
 Stator reactor starting
 Autotransformer (soft-start)

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.2 Methods of starting
9

 Reduced voltage starting

 IM starting by:
 Star-delta

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.2 Methods of starting
10

 Increased torque starting

 Wound-rotor IM

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.2 Methods of starting
11

 Smooth variation of voltage or

frequency (soft-start)

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.3 Energy relation during starting
12

 DC shunt motor

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.4 Energy relation during starting
13

 DC shunt motor—Constant
loaded

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 5.5 Methods to reduce the energy loss during starting
15

 Reducing the moment of inertia

 Starting of dc shunt motors by smooth adjustment of
applied voltage
 Starting of multispeed induction motors in discrete
steps of speed
 Starting of induction motors by smooth variation of
supply frequency (V/f control)

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

ELECTRIC
BRAKING
CHAPTER SIX
 Introduction
17

Electric motor braking enables:

 Rapid stopping of the electric motor

 Holding the motor shaft at specified position

 Maintaining the speed to a desired value

 Preventing motor over-speed

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 Advantages of electric braking
18

Electric braking Mechanical braking

Little maintenance is required Require adjustment and change of

lining

No dirt Dust due to friction and wear

Heat is produced in resistance or fed Heat is dissipated through

back to the supply mechanical parts

Smooth braking Sudden braking

High cost Low cost

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 Forms of braking
20

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.1 Types of Braking
21

Types of
Braking

Regenerative Rheostatic Plugging

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.1 Types of braking
22

 Regenerative braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.1 Types of braking
23

 Rheostatic braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

  Rheostatic braking
25

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.1 Types of braking
26

 Plugging braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.1 Types of braking
27

 Plugging braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.2.1 dc shunt motor
29

 Rheostatic braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.2.2 dc series motor
30

 Regenerative braking
 Not possible

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.2.2 dc series motor
31

 Connect as dc shunt motor

 Series connection  Parallel connection

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.3 Braking while stopping
32

6.3.1 dc shunt motor

 Regenerative braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.3 Braking while stopping
33

6.3.1 dc shunt motor

 Plugging B A

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.3 Braking while stopping
34

 6.3.1 dc series motor

Plugging B A

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.4 Braking of induction motor
35

 6.4.2 DC Rheostatic braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 6.4 Braking of induction motor
36

 6.4.2 DC Rheostatic braking

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

RATING AND HEATING
OF MOTORS

CHAPTER SEVEN
 Rating and heating of motors
38

 Heating effects in the motor

 Loading conditions and classes of the motor
 Load inertia or inertias
 Environmental conditions

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 Rating and heating of motors
39

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

 Rating and heating of motors
40

Heat gain from electrical

motors to the surroundings
Size of Motor Heat Loss
(kW) (Watts/kW)
0-2 250
3 - 15 150
15 - 150 100
150 - 80

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017

42
42
Electric Drives Dr
 Insulation classes
43

Clas Temperat Material

s ure
Y < 105 C cotton, silk and paper without impregnation
A 105 C cotton, silk, and paper when suitably impregnation or coated or when
immersed in dielectric liquid as oil.
E 120 C Cellulose-filled mold products Cotton lamination Paper lamination

B 130 C mica, fiber, asbestos with suitable bonding, impregnation or coating

substance
F 155 C mica, fiber, asbestos, etc with suitable bonding, impregnation or
coating substance as well as other materials or combinations of
material.
H 180 C mica, fiber, asbestos, etc with suitable bonding, impregnation or
coating substance such as appropriate silicone resins
C C
220Drives
Electric mica, porcelain, glassMohamed+Dr.
Dr. Essam quartz and asbestos
Mohamed Ali without or with16/11/2017
an
44

Electric Drives Dr. Essam Mohamed+Dr. Mohamed Ali 16/11/2017