Signaling System

.: European Train Control System (ETCS)

Persinyalan dan Pengendalian Operasi -2

Yanto Yulianto
@2023
Goals Pemahaman
materi kuliah
Ø Background and Development of ETCS Technology
Ø Defining ETCS
Ø Main Characteristics of ETCS Systems
Ø Levels of Automation
Ø Greenfield and Brownfield ETCS
Ø ETCS Transport Mode Applications Today
Ø CBTC General Presentation – Summary

Persamaan dan
perbedaan dari setiap
jenis persinyalan modern
Previous…
“CBTC” How it works
• Continuous high-capacity data, bidirectional train-to-wayside digital communications.
• Wayside (and, or control center ) equipment room processors and train onboard processors capable of
implementing:
• Onboard Automatic Train Protection (ATP) – train speed, brake applications and links to Wayside
ATP;
• Onboard Automatic Train Operation (ATO) – traction & braking, driver/attendant facilities for
operation mode;
• Wayside ATP – manages trains in designated area, provides train LMA via link to Onboard ATP;
• Wayside ATO – train destination, regulation & station dwell time targets and links to control centre;
• System configuration varies from different suppliers.

Background &
Development of ETCS
Conventional signaling system:
Ø Train detection by track
sections or 'blocks‘;
Ø Each block protected by
signals;
Ø Every block is fixed in place by
the infrastructure;
Ø Referred to as fixed block
systems.
City / population growth = mass transit
transport expansion
Signaling system development & adaptation
to safely meet increased demand for greater
traffic capacity.
Operators focus on maximizing train line
capacity
Objective = increase capacity by safely
reducing headway
 • ETCS is the core signalling and train control
component of ERTMS, the European Rail Traffic
Management System. ETCS continuously
Background & calculates a safe maximum speed for each train,
Development with cab signalling for the driver and on-board
systems that take control if the permissible
of ETCS speed is exceeded. For ETCS trackside
equipment and train borne systems need to be
standardized according to the different ETCS
levels.
 Background & Development of ETCS
ETCS – the European Train Control System – is a standardized
signalling and train control technology that allows trains to
cross national borders without the need to stop to change
locomotives.

Trains fitted with ETCS are able to operate freely over suitably equipped track
in any country. Cab signalling is a vital part of ETCS. This makes it possible not
only to get rid of conventional signals but also to operate safely at speeds up
to 500kmh. In Europe, more than 40,000km of ETCS track is now in operation
across 24 countries.
Defining ETCS
The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the signalling and control component of
the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). It is a replacement for
legacy train protection systems and designed to replace the many incompatible safety
systems currently used by European railways. The standard was also adopted outside
Europe and is an option for worldwide application. In technical terms it is a type
of positive train control (PTC).
ETCS is implemented with standard trackside equipment and unified controlling
equipment within the train cab. In its advanced form, all lineside information is passed to
the driver wirelessly inside the cab, removing the need for lineside signals watched by
the driver. This will give the foundation for a later to be defined automatic train operation.
Trackside equipment aims to exchange information with the vehicle for safely
supervising train circulation.[1] The information exchanged between track and trains can
be either continuous or intermittent according to the ERTMS/ETCS level of application
and to the nature of the information itself.[1]
Levels of Automation
level I
ETCS Level 1 can be easily superimposed on the existing national signalling system and provides cab signalling.
Movement authorities can be granted through fixed and switchable Eurobalises. They also send route data to the on
board unit. With the received data the maximum speed as well as the breaking curves are calculated at any time.
Additionally to Eurobalises it is possible to implement EuroLoop (loop infill) or a radio based solution (radio infill)
which continuously transmits data over a longer distance.
 Levels of Automation
level II
ETCS Level 2 is a radio based system which displays signalling
and movement authorities in the cab. The train is continuously
sending data to the Radio Block Centre (RBC) to report its exact
position and direction. Eurobalises are used as passive
positioning beacons. Trains refine their position with additional
sensors such as accelerometers, odometers or radar.
 Levels of Automation
level III
Trackside equipment disappeared. Train-location and -integrity do not rely on trackside
equipment (signals, track circuits or axle counters) but are handled by train and RBC.
Greenfield & Brownfield ETCS
Implementation

LRT Palembang is ETCS level 1 Green field

 ETCS Transport Mode Applications Today
Global ETCS deployments
•More than 80,000km of the worldwide rail network is now equipped or is contracted to be
equipped with ETCS, up from less than 40,000km in 2010.
•10,000 rail vehicles globally are now equipped for ETCS operation.
•In the Middle East and Asia, ETCS is deployed over more than 33,000km of track in 9
countries including Saudi Arabia, India and China.
•ETCS is emerging as the standard for Africa, with more than 7,000km of ETCS lines in 7 countries
from Algeria to Zambia.

ETCS was developed to promote interoperability across Europe but it is being rapidly adopted by operators worldwide
whether they have borders to cross or not.
•More trains – ETCS boosts the capacity of existing networks by up to 40%.
•Reliability improvements – radio-based communications and reduced infrastructure means there’s less to go wrong.
•Open supply market – trackside and on-board equipment is produced by multiple suppliers in a competitive market
place.
•Lower cost of ownership – elimination of trackside equipment, including signals, means reduced maintenance costs.
Operational
Issues
[ ETCS ]