LESSON 1 b) Uterus

Plant Reproduction c) Testis

1. What characterizes the life cycles of plants? d) Vagina
a) Alternation of generations
b) Sequential generations 8. What is the primary function of the epididymis in
c) Continuous vegetative growth males?
d) Asexual reproduction only a) Production of testosterone
b) Storage and maturation of sperm
2. Which structures are involved in the reproduction of c) Secretion of seminal fluid
flowering plants? d) Conduction of urine
a) Sepals and petals
b) Stamens and carpels 9. What process involves the fusion of sperm and egg to
c) Leaves and stems form a zygote?
d) Roots and shoots a) Ovulation
b) Fertilization
3. What is the function of the anther in a flower? c) Gestation
a) Production of eggs d) Menstruation
b) Reception of pollen
c) Formation of ovules 10. Which accessory gland adds secretions to semen in
d) Production of pollen grains males?
a) Prostate gland
4. Which type of flower possesses both male and female b) Seminal vesicles
reproductive structures? c) Bulbourethral glands
a) Complete d) Vas deferens
b) Incomplete
c) Perfect Reproductive Variations
d) Imperfect 11. What is metagenesis also known as?
a) Asexual reproduction
5. What is the primary purpose of pollination in b) Transformation development
angiosperms? c) Sexual reproduction
a) Seed dispersal d) Virgin development
b) Fruit development
c) Gamete formation 12. Which organism demonstrates metagenesis through
d) Fertilization alternation of generations?
a) Earthworm
Animal Reproduction b) Squid
6. What is the main difference between asexual and sexual c) Hydrozoan
reproduction? d) Honeybee
a) Asexual reproduction involves two parents, while
sexual reproduction involves one. 13. Parthenogenesis involves the development of an
b) Asexual reproduction produces genetically diverse unfertilized egg into an adult animal. Which organism
offspring, while sexual reproduction does not. utilizes this form of reproduction?
c) Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of gametes, a) Honeybee
while asexual reproduction does not. b) Earthworm
d) Asexual reproduction is only found in plants, while c) Squid
sexual reproduction is found in animals. d) Frog

7. Which structure is responsible for producing sperm in 14. What characterizes hermaphroditism in animals?
males? a) Production of both eggs and sperm by a single
a) Ovary organism
 b) Development of an unfertilized egg into an adult LESSON 2
c) Alternation of asexual and sexual generations
1. Which of the following are the three main parts of
d) Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote
almost all tracheophytes (vascular plants)?
a. a. Flowers, leaves, and roots
Human Reproduction b. b. Leaves, stems, and roots
15. Which female reproductive organ produces both the c. c. Roots, stems, and flowers
egg cell and sex hormones? d. d. Flowers, stems, and leaves
a) Uterus 2. In seed plants, which group is characterized by
b) Ovary having "naked seeds"?
a. a. Angiosperms
c) Vagina
b. b. Monocots
d) Cervix c. c. Dicots
d. d. Gymnosperms
16. What is the function of the epididymis in males? 3. Which of the following functions as a digestive
a) Storage and maturation of sperm organ in seed germination for monocots?
b) Production of testosterone a. a. Scutellum
b. b. Coleorhiza
c) Secretion of seminal fluid
c. c. Aleurone layer
d) Conduction of urine d. d. Endosperm
4. In dicot seeds, what structure corresponds to the
17. What structure is responsible for receiving sperm shoot apex in monocots?
during copulation in females? a. a. Hypocotyl
a) Uterus b. b. Epicotyl
b) Ovary c. c. Plumule
d. d. Cotyledons
c) Vagina
5. What hormone is emitted by the embryo to break
d) Cervix dormancy?
a. a. Auxin
18. What triggers the transformation of the ovary into a b. b. Gibberellin
fruit during fruit development? c. c. Cytokinin
a) Fertilization d. d. Ethylene
b) Pollination 6. Which layer of cells in the root tip is responsible
for protecting tender tissues from abrasion by soil
c) Ovulation
particles?
d) Menstruation a. a. Zone of division
b. b. Zone of elongation
19. What physiological reaction characterizes the c. c. Zone of maturation
excitement phase of human sexual response? d. d. Root cap
a) Increased muscle tension 7. In dicot secondary growth, what is the earliest
trace of differentiation behind the apical zone of
b) Rhythmic contractions
active mitosis called?
c) Breathing and heart rate increase a. a. Protoderm
d) Formation of a pollen tube b. b. Ground meristem
c. c. Provascular cylinder
20. Which phase of human sexual response involves the d. d. Cambium
rhythmic, involuntary contractions of reproductive 8. What structure in monocot seeds protects the
structures? future root as it grows out of the seed into the soil?
a. a. Coleoptile
a) Excitement phase
b. b. Radicle
b) Plateau phase c. c. Scutellum
c) Orgasm phase d. d. Coleorhiza
d) Resolution phase 9. Which part of the dicot embryo develops into the
two cotyledons?
a. a. Basal cell
b. b. Terminal cell
c. c. Suspensor
d. d. Hypocotyl
10. In monocots, which structure develops into the 19. What does the primary thickening meristem in
mature versions of the radicle, mesocotyl, and monocots like palm trees produce?
shoot apex? a. a. Apical meristem
a. a. Aleurone layer b. b. Vascular tissues
b. b. Endosperm c. c. Root cap
c. c. Scutellum d. d. Lateral branches
d. d. Embryo proper 20. Which of the following is a characteristic of
11. During which stage does the human zygote reach gymnosperms?
the two-cell stage after fertilization? a. a. Seeds enclosed within a carpel
a. a. 12 hours b. b. Presence of flowers
b. b. 24 hours c. c. Naked seeds
c. c. 36 hours d. d. Presence of fruit
d. d. 48 hours
12. What is the structure called that forms a hollow
ball and eventually gives rise to the embryo itself? LESSON 3
a. a. Morula Plant and Animal Nutrition
b. b. Blastocyst
c. c. Gastrula 1. Which of the following elements is crucial for the
d. d. Archenteron synthesis of nucleic acids and ATP in plants?
13. On which day does the implantation of the embryo a. Calcium
in the endometrium begin? b. Phosphorus
a. a. 3rd day c. Potassium
b. b. 5th day d. Magnesium
c. c. 7th day
d. d. 9th day 2. A plant exhibiting yellowing of the leaves along the
14. Which layer in vertebrate embryos will develop veins, particularly in the youngest leaves, is likely
into the digestive tract and other structures? deficient in:
a. a. Ectoderm a. Zinc
b. b. Mesoderm b. Iron
c. c. Endoderm c. Boron
d. d. Blastoderm d. Molybdenum
15. Which of the following is NOT typically found in
a dicot seed? 3. The essential macronutrient that is a major intracellular
a. a. Aleurone cation and crucial for maintaining membrane potential in
b. b. Cotyledons plant cells is:
c. c. Radicle a. Sulfur
d. d. Plumule b. Potassium
16. In which zone of the root tip does most of the c. Nitrogen
lengthwise growth occur? d. Calcium
a. a. Zone of division
b. b. Zone of elongation 4. Which plant micronutrient deficiency leads to stunted
c. c. Zone of maturation growth and small leaves due to short internodes?
d. d. Root cap a. Chlorine
17. What term describes the rapid mitosis process that b. Copper
a zygote undergoes to become a multicellular c. Zinc
embryo? d. Manganese
a. a. Cleavage
b. b. Implantation 5. Mycorrhizae help plants primarily by:
c. c. Differentiation a. Fixing nitrogen
d. d. Germination b. Providing sugars
18. Which of the following structures is responsible c. Increasing phosphate absorption
for producing digestive enzymes in monocots d. Producing auxins
during germination?
a. a. Cotyledons 6. Which type of plant is completely dependent on its host
b. b. Endosperm for both water and nutrients?
c. c. Aleurone layer a. Holoparasite
d. d. Scutellum b. Hemiparasite
c. Epiphyte
 d. Mycorrhizal
15. In animals, the organ responsible for secreting
7. Nitrogen fixation in plants is primarily carried out by: enzymes that break down all major food molecules is the:
a. Cyanobacteria a. Liver
b. Fungi b. Gallbladder
c. Protozoa c. Pancreas
d. Viruses d. Stomach

8. The macronutrient needed for chlorophyll synthesis and 16. Which essential amino acid cannot be synthesized by
enzyme activation, whose deficiency causes mottled humans and must be obtained from their diet?
chlorosis, is: a. Alanine
a. Sulfur b. Glycine
b. Magnesium c. Lysine
c. Iron d. Glutamine
d. Calcium
17. Which vitamin is water-soluble and essential for
9. Which nutrient is not absorbed by plants in its elemental normal metabolism?
form but as a sulfate? a. Vitamin A
a. Nitrogen b. Vitamin D
b. Phosphorus c. Vitamin K
c. Sulfur d. Vitamin B12
d. Potassium
18. Fluid-feeders obtain their nutrients by:
10. The plant tissue through which water and minerals are a. Straining food particles from water
conducted from the soil is: b. Living in or on their food source
a. Phloem c. Sucking nutrient-rich fluids from a host
b. Xylem d. Consuming large chunks of food
c. Cortex
d. Epidermis 19. Which of the following minerals is required in trace
amounts and is part of enzymes and body fluids?
11. What is the primary function of root hairs in plants? a. Calcium
a. Photosynthesis b. Phosphorus
b. Water and nutrient absorption c. Zinc
c. Structural support d. Potassium
d. Hormone production
20. Which of the following is NOT a function of fats in
12. Which of the following is a micronutrient that plays a animal nutrition?
role in oxidative metabolism and photosynthetic oxygen a. Energy storage
production? b. Building cell membranes
a. Boron c. Synthesizing enzymes
b. Manganese d. Insulating nervous tissue
c. Copper
d. Zinc LESSON 4
1. Where does gas exchange primarily occur in animals?
13. The symbiotic interaction between a young root and a a. Skin
fungus is known as: b. Intestines
a. Nitrogen fixation c. Muscles
b. Parasitism d. Liver
c. Mycorrhiza
d. Root nodule 2. Which of the following is NOT a gas exchanged in
animal respiration?
14. Which type of endocytosis involves the uptake of a. Oxygen
extracellular fluid by a cell using small vesicles? b. Nitrogen
a. Phagocytosis c. Carbon dioxide
b. Pinocytosis d. Hydrogen
c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. Exocytosis
3. What is the basic mechanism of gas exchange in living b. Gas exchange
organisms? c. Nutrient absorption
a. Osmosis d. Photosynthesis
b. Active transport
c. Diffusion 12. What gas enters through the stomata during
d. Filtration photosynthesis?
a. Carbon dioxide
4. Which of the following animals primarily uses its skin b. Oxygen
for gas exchange? c. Nitrogen
a. Fish d. Hydrogen
b. Frogs
c. Earthworms 13. Which of the following is NOT a respiratory medium
d. Birds for animals?
a. Air
5. What respiratory organ do insects like grasshoppers and b. Water
spiders use for gas exchange? c. Soil
a. Lungs d. Plasma
b. Gills
c. Tracheae 14. Which gas is removed from the bloodstream through
d. Skin the gills of fish?
6. Which part of the respiratory system in humans is a. Oxygen
responsible for actual gas exchange? b. Carbon dioxide
a. Larynx c. Nitrogen
b. Bronchi d. Hydrogen
c. Alveoli
d. Pharynx 15. What is the primary function of the tracheal system in
insects?
7. What happens to the chest cavity during inhalation? a. Circulation
a. It expands b. Reproduction
b. It contracts c. Gas exchange
c. It remains the same d. Digestion
d. It vibrates
16. Which gas is released into the environment during
8. How do plants primarily exchange gases with the exhalation?
environment? a. Oxygen
a. Through specialized organs b. Carbon dioxide
b. Through their roots c. Nitrogen
c. Through their leaves d. Hydrogen
d. Through their stems
17. What is the purpose of the diaphragm in human
9. What are the small openings on the underside of leaves respiration?
called? a. To pump blood
a. Stomata b. To protect the lungs
b. Guard cells c. To aid in breathing
c. Mesophyll d. To filter air
d. Epidermis
18. What do animals primarily need oxygen for?
10. Which part of the leaf is responsible for a. Digestion
photosynthesis? b. Reproduction
a. Stomata c. Respiration
b. Guard cells d. Circulation
c. Mesophyll
d. Epidermis 19. Which of the following animals relies primarily on
diffusion for gas exchange?
11. What is the function of the spongy mesophyll in a. Birds
leaves? b. Fish
a. Water storage c. Insects
 d. Reptiles 8. What percentage of urine consists of water in the human
excretory system?
20. What is the role of the capillaries in the skin of worms? a. 50%
a. Nutrient absorption b. 75%
b. Gas exchange c. 90%
c. Reproduction d. 95%
d. Protection
9. What role do root hairs play in plants?
LESSON 5 a. Facilitate gas exchange
1. Which of the following characteristics distinguishes a b. Absorb water and minerals
closed circulatory system from an open circulatory c. Produce sugars through photosynthesis
system? d. Protect against pathogens
a. Hemolymph circulation
b. Distinction between blood and interstitial fluid 10. Which vascular tissue in plants transports sugars from
c. Presence of heart chambers the leaves to the rest of the plant?
d. Lymphatic division involvement a. Xylem
b. Phloem
2. What is the function of valves in the human heart? c. Cambium
a. Facilitate exchange between atria and ventricles d. Epidermis
b. Control blood flow direction
c. Increase heart muscle contraction LESSON 6
d. Regulate oxygen content in the blood 1. Which of the following best describes homeostasis?
a) Maintaining a stable internal environment
3. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? b) Maintaining a stable external environment
a. Arteries c) Rapidly changing internal conditions
b. Veins d) Avoiding feedback mechanisms
c. Capillaries
d. Venules 2. What term is used to describe the ideal value around
which the body maintains homeostasis?
4. What is the primary role of red blood cells in the a) Set point
circulatory system? b) Threshold point
a. Defend the body against infection c) Equilibrium value
b. Transport oxygen and remove waste d) Regulatory point
c. Form clots to prevent bleeding
d. Regulate blood pressure 3. Which process primarily moves solvent molecules
through a semipermeable membrane to a higher solute
5. Which component of the blood is responsible for concentration area?
forming clots to stop bleeding? a) Osmosis
a. Red blood cells b) Diffusion
b. White blood cells c) Active transport
c. Plasma d) Facilitated diffusion
d. Platelets
4. Which type of osmoregulator relies on vacuoles to
6. How are wastes removed from the body in humans? regulate osmolarity in the cytoplasm?
a. Through exhalation a) Higher plants
b. Via sweat glands b) Bacteria
c. Filtration by kidneys and excretion as urine c) Protozoa
d. Absorption by intestines d) Marine invertebrates

7. Which organ in humans filters the blood to remove 5. What role does aldosterone play in human
wastes? osmoregulation?
a. Liver a) Promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys
b. Kidneys b) Increasing urine output
c. Lungs c) Lowering blood pressure
d. Spleen d) Activating aquaporins in the endothelial cells
6. Which structure in plants helps control water loss and is
often protected by a waxy cuticle?
a) Stomata
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Contractile vacuole
7. What is the primary function of osmoreceptors in the
hypothalamus?
a) Monitoring changes in water potential
b) Regulating blood pressure
c) Excreting excess salts
d) Facilitating glucose absorption
8. Which hormone is stored in the pituitary gland and
targets endothelial cells in the kidneys to control water
absorption?
a) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b) Aldosterone
c) Angiotensin II
d) Insulin
9. In marine invertebrates, how is internal osmolarity
typically maintained relative to the environment?
a) By matching internal osmolarity to external conditions
b) By using contractile vacuoles
c) By secreting excess salts
d) By absorbing water continuously
10. Which of the following describes a key difference
between osmoconformers and osmoregulators?
a) Osmoregulators actively control their internal osmotic
pressure.
b) Osmoconformers maintain constant internal
conditions despite external changes.
c) Osmoregulators match their internal osmolarity to the
environment.
d) Osmoconformers use passive processes to balance
internal conditions.
LESSON 7
1. Homeostasis in animals primarily aims to:
a) Maintain a stable internal environment
b) Regulate only external conditions
c) Accelerate physiological processes
d) Disrupt equilibrium intentionally
2. Osmoregulation involves the regulation of:
a) Protein synthesis and DNA replication
b) Osmotic pressure to maintain water and electrolyte
balance
c) Cellular respiration rates
d) Genetic mutations
3. Osmoconformers are organisms that:
a) Actively control their internal osmotic pressure
b) Use passive or active processes to match internal
osmolarity to the environment
c) Produce osmoprotectant molecules regardless of
environmental osmolarity
d) Always have a lower internal osmolarity than their
environment
4. The role of the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is
to:
a) Promote water reabsorption in the kidneys
b) Increase glucose levels in the blood
c) Stimulate muscle contraction
d) Regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes
5. Which plant structure is primarily responsible for
regulating water loss?
a) Stomata
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Root hairs
6. Which hormone is stored in the pituitary gland and
regulates water absorption in the kidneys?
a) Aldosterone
b) Cortisol
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d) Insulin
7. Plants that live in salty environments (halophytes) often:
a) Excrete salts onto their leaves
b) Have extremely thin cuticles
c) Rely solely on photosynthesis for energy
d) Avoid storing any water in their tissues
8. What is the primary function of the nervous system?
a) Transmit electrical impulses to collect, process, and
respond to information
b) Produce hormones for long-term regulation
c) Store genetic information
d) Transport nutrients throughout the body
9. Sensory neurons are specialized to:
a) Carry impulses from sense organs to the central nervous
system
b) Transfer signals between other neurons
c) Carry impulses to muscles and glands
d) Store neurotransmitters
10. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of:
a) The brain and spinal cord
b) Sensory and motor neurons
c) Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
d) Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
11. Which hormone is primarily involved in promoting
fruit ripening?
a) Gibberellins
b) Cytokinins
c) Ethylene
d) Abscisic acid
12. The primary role of cytokinins in plants is to:
a) Promote cell division
b) Induce seed dormancy
c) Trigger leaf abscission
d) Stimulate fruit ripening
13. Which of the following is a response of plants to
touch?
a) Thigmotropism
b) Phototropism
c) Hydrotropism
d) Thermotropism
14. What happens when the stomata of a plant close?
a) Gas exchange is reduced, and photosynthesis slows
down
b) Water absorption is increased
c) Nutrient transport via phloem is accelerated
d) Leaf abscission is initiated
15. Auxins are primarily responsible for:
a) Cell elongation in phototropism and gravitropism
b) Leaf abscission
c) Fruit ripening
d) Water absorption
16. The role of the endocrine system in animals is to:
a) Produce and use chemical signals called hormones
b) Transmit electrical impulses for quick responses
c) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
d) Perform mechanical digestion
17. Which part of the nervous system regulates voluntary
activities such as muscular movement?
a) Somatic nervous system (SNS)
b) Central nervous system (CNS)
c) Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
d) Sympathetic nervous system
18. Abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is associated with:
a) Promoting dormancy and stress responses
b) Stimulating rapid cell division
c) Enhancing fruit size
d) Triggering ethylene production
19. Which hormone is involved in the systemic acquired
response (SAR) in plants?
a) Methyl salicylate (MeSA)
b) Gibberellins
c) Cytokinins
d) Systemin
20. How do xerophytes adapt to dry environments?
a) Store water in vacuoles and have thick cuticles
b) Excrete salts onto leaves
c) Open stomata continuously
d) Utilize contractile vacuoles to expel excess water
LESSON 8
1. What distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate
immunity?
a) Adaptive immunity involves nonspecific defense
mechanisms.
b) Innate immunity is acquired through exposure to
pathogens.
c) Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory
after exposure to a pathogen.
d) Innate immunity is more complex than adaptive
immunity.
2. Which of the following is a potential consequence of
immune system dysfunction in animals?
a) Increased resistance to infections
b) Allergies and inflammatory diseases
c) Enhanced immune response to foreign antigens
d) Decreased risk of autoimmune diseases
3. What is the primary function of the systemic acquired
response (SAR) in plants?
a) Rapidly destroy invading pathogens at the site of
infection
b) Produce antibodies for long-term protection against
pathogens
c) Induce broad-ranging resistance against future attacks
d) Stimulate cell apoptosis to contain infection locally
4. Which plant immune response involves the activation of
R genes and the ETI reaction?
a) Hypersensitive response (HR)
b) Systemic acquired response (SAR)
c) Effector-triggered immunity (ETI)
d) Gene-for-gene response
5. How does the immune system recognize invaders in
animals?
a) By their genetic makeup
b) By their physical size
c) By their self-antigens
d) By their antigens on the surface
6. What initiates the maturation of dendritic cells into
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in animals?
a) Release of cytokines
b) Connection to natural killer cells
c) Ingestion of foreign substances
d) Activation of B cells
7. What is the function of B cells in the animal immune
response?
a) Destroy invading pathogens with a general attack
b) Produce antibodies to identify and neutralize pathogens
c) Engulf and eat the invaders to expose them to T cells
d) Recognize abnormal fragments of viruses inside normal
cells
8. Which immune cells in animals are designed to find
abnormal fragments of viruses inside normal cells?
a) Natural killer cells
b) Dendritic cells
c) Memory T cells
d) Naïve T cells
9. What happens if a T cell in animals receives Signal 1
but not Signal 2?
a) It transforms into a memory T cell.
b) It multiplies to expand the number of T cells.
c) It dies, and the immune response is shut down.
d) It becomes an effector T cell.
10. What is the role of memory T cells in animals?
a) They recognize and destroy invading pathogens.
b) They slow and shut down the immune response.
c) They transform into regulatory T cells.
d) They provide long-term protection against future
infections.
11. How does the plant immune system recognize
pathogens?
a) By their waxy cuticular layer
b) By their genetic makeup
c) By their antigens on the surface
d) By their altered-self molecules
12. Which protein is activated in plants when pathogen
effector molecules are detected inside the cell?
a) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
b) Nucleotide Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat (NB-LRR)
c) Natural killer cells
d) Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
13. What is the primary function of the hypersensitive
response (HR) in plants?
a) Rapidly destroy invading pathogens at the site of
infection
b) Produce antibodies for long-term protection against
pathogens
c) Induce broad-ranging resistance against future attacks
d) Stimulate cell apoptosis to contain infection locally
14. Which signals induce systemic acquired response
(SAR) in plants?
a) Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid
b) Ethylene and cytokinins
c) Auxins and gibberellins
d) Abscisic acid and abscisic acid
15. What is the primary function of effector-triggered
immunity (ETI) in plants?
a) Rapidly destroy invading pathogens at the site of
infection
b) Produce antibodies for long-term protection against
pathogens
c) Induce broad-ranging resistance against future attacks
d) Stimulate cell apoptosis to contain infection locally
16. How does the plant immune system respond to future
attacks after experiencing SAR?
a) By rapidly destroying invading pathogens at the site of
infection
b) By producing antibodies for long-term protection
against pathogens
c) By inducing broad-ranging resistance against future
attacks
d) By slowing down and shutting down the immune
response
17. Which signaling molecules are involved in the
induction of systemic acquired response (SAR) in plants?
a) Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid
b) Ethylene and cytokinins
c) Auxins and gibberellins
d) Abscisic acid and abscisic acid
18. What distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate
immunity in animals?
a) Adaptive immunity is inherited, while innate immunity
is acquired.
b) Adaptive immunity involves nonspecific defense
mechanisms, while innate immunity involves
antigen-specific immune responses.
c) Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory
after exposure to a pathogen, while innate immunity does
not.
d) Adaptive immunity is less complex than innate
immunity.
19. How does the plant immune system recognize
pathogens?
a) By their genetic makeup
b) By their physical size
c) By their self-antigens
d) By their antigens on the surface
20. What initiates the maturation of dendritic cells into
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in animals?
a) Release of cytokines
b) Connection to natural killer cells
c) Ingestion of foreign substances
d) Activation of B cells
Answers to Multiple Choice Test 11. b. Water and nutrient absorption
12. b. Manganese
LESSON 1 13. c. Mycorrhiza
Plant Reproduction 14. b. Pinocytosis
1. a) Alternation of generations 15. c. Pancreas
2. b) Stamens and carpels 16. c. Lysine
3. d) Production of pollen grains 17. d. Vitamin B12
4. c) Perfect 18. c. Sucking nutrient-rich fluids from a host
5. d) Fertilization 19. c. Zinc
Animal Reproduction 20. c. Synthesizing enzymes
6. c) Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of gametes,
while asexual reproduction does not. LESSON 4
7. c) Testis 1. a
8. b) Storage and maturation of sperm 2. d
9. b) Fertilization 3. c
10. a) Prostate gland 4. c
Reproductive Variations 5. c
11. b) Transformation development 6. c
12. c) Hydrozoan 7. a
13. a) Honeybee 8. c
14. a) Production of both eggs and sperm by a single 9. a
organism 10. c
Human Reproduction 11. b
15. b) Ovary 12. a
16. a) Storage and maturation of sperm 13. c
17. c) Vagina 14. b
18. a) Fertilization 15. c
19. c) Breathing and heart rate increase 16. b
20. c) Orgasm phase 17. c
18. c
LESSON 2 19. c
1. b. Leaves, stems, and roots 20. B
2. d. Gymnosperms
3. c. Aleurone layer LESSON 5
4. c. Plumule 1. b. Distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
5. b. Gibberellin 2. b. Control blood flow direction
6. d. Root cap 3. a. Arteries
7. c. Provascular cylinder 4. b. Transport oxygen and remove waste
8. d. Coleorhiza 5. d. Platelets
9. b. Terminal cell
6. c. Filtration by kidneys and excretion as urine
10. d. Embryo proper
11. b. 24 hours 7. b. Kidneys
12. b. Blastocyst 8. d. 95%
13. c. 7th day 9. b. Absorb water and minerals
14. c. Endoderm 10. b. Phloem
15. a. Aleurone
16. b. Zone of elongation LESSON 6
17. a. Cleavage
1. a) Maintaining a stable internal environment
18. c. Aleurone layer
19. b. Vascular tissues 2. a) Set point
20. c. Naked seeds 3. a) Osmosis
4. a) Higher plants
LESSON 3 5. a) Promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys
1. b. Phosphorus 6. a) Stomata
2. b. Iron 7. a) Monitoring changes in water potential
3. b. Potassium
8. a) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4. c. Zinc
5. c. Increasing phosphate absorption 9. a) By matching internal osmolarity to external conditions
6. a. Holoparasite 10. a) Osmoregulators actively control their internal osmotic
7. a. Cyanobacteria pressure
8. b. Magnesium
9. c. Sulfur
10. b. Xylem
LESSON 7
1. a) Maintain a stable internal environment
2. b) Osmotic pressure to maintain water and electrolyte balance
3. b) Use passive or active processes to match internal
osmolarity to the environment
4. a) Promote water reabsorption in the kidneys
5. a) Stomata
6. c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
7. a) Excrete salts onto their leaves
8. a) Transmit electrical impulses to collect, process, and
respond to information
9. a) Carry impulses from sense organs to the central nervous
system
10. a) The brain and spinal cord
11. c) Ethylene
12. a) Promote cell division
13. a) Thigmotropism
14. a) Gas exchange is reduced, and photosynthesis slows down
15. a) Cell elongation in phototropism and gravitropism
16. a) Produce and use chemical signals called hormones
17. a) Somatic nervous system (SNS)
18. a) Promoting dormancy and stress responses
19. a) Methyl salicylate (MeSA)
20. a) Store water in vacuoles and have thick cuticles

LESSON 8
1. c) Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory
after exposure to a pathogen.
2. b) Allergies and inflammatory diseases
3. c) Induce broad-ranging resistance against future
attacks
4. c) Effector-triggered immunity (ETI)
5. d) By their antigens on the surface
6. a) Release of cytokines
7. b) Produce antibodies to identify and neutralize
pathogens
8. d) Naïve T cells
9. c) It dies, and the immune response is shut down.
10. d) They provide long-term protection against future
infections.
11. d) By their altered-self molecules
12. b) Nucleotide Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat (NB-LRR)
13. a) Rapidly destroy invading pathogens at the site of
infection
14. a) Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid
15. a) Rapidly destroy invading pathogens at the site of
infection
16. c) By inducing broad-ranging resistance against future
attacks
17. a) Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid
18. c) Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory
after exposure to a pathogen, while innate immunity
does not.
19. d) By their antigens on the surface
20. a) Release of cytokines