MAPEH REVIEWER Q2

HEALTH

TEENAGE PREGNANCY

- Adolescent pregnancies often times occur most in poorer and marginalized communities. Many girls face
considerable pressure to marry early and become mothers while they are still a child.
- Teenage pregnancy increases when girls are denied the right to make decisions about their sexual and
reproductive health and well-being.
- Girls must be able to make their own decisions about their bodies and futures and have access to appropriate
healthcare services and education.

HOW DOES TEENAGE PREGNANCY AFFECT GIRLS?

- Adolescent pregnancy remains a major contributor to maternal and child mortality. Complications relating to
pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for girls aged 15-19 globally.
- Pregnant girls and adolescents also face other health risks and complications due to their immature bodies.
Babies born to younger mothers are also at greater risk.
- For many adolescents, pregnancy and childbirth are neither planned, nor wanted. In countries where abortion is
prohibited or highly restricted, adolescents typically resort to unsafe abortion, putting their health and lives at
risk. Some 3.9 million unsafe abortions occur each year to girls aged 15-19 in developing regions.
- Teenage pregnancy affects 5.99 percent of Filipino girls which is the second highest rate in Southeast Asia based
on Save the Children's Global Childhood Report (2019). An estimated 538 babies are born to Filipino teenage
mothers every single day, according to Philippine Statistical Authority (2017).

The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012

- also known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law, and officially designated as Republic Act No. 10354, is a
law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual
education, and maternal care.
- A responsible parenthood is simply defined as the “will” and ability of parents to respect and do the needs and
aspirations of the family and children. It is the ability of a parent to detect the need, happiness and desire of the
children and helping them to become responsible and reasonable children

Parenting style

- refers to the combination of strategies that you use to raise your children. The work of Diane Baumrind in the
1960s created one commonly-referenced categorization of parenting styles.

The four Baumrind parenting styles have distinct names and characteristics:

Authoritarian Parenting

• Authoritarian parents are often thought of as disciplinarians.

• They use a strict discipline style with little negotiation possible.

• Punishment is common.

• Communication is mostly one way: from parent to child.

• Rules usually are not explained.

 • Parents with this style are typically less nurturing.

• Expectations are high with limited flexibility.

Permessive Parenting

• Permissive or Indulgent parents mostly let their children do what they want, and offer limited guidance or
direction.

• They are more like friends than parents.

• Communication is open but these parents let children decide for themselves rather than giving direction.

• Parents in this category tend o be warm and nurturing.

• Expectations are typically minimal or not set by these parents.

Uninvolved Parenting

• Uninvolved parents give children a lot of freedom and generally stay out of their way.

• Some parents may make a conscious decision to parent in this way, while others are less interested in parenting
or unsure of what to do.

Authoritative Parenting

• Authoritative parents are reasonable and nurturing, and set high, clear expectations. Children with parents who
demonstrate this style tend to be self-disciplined and think for themselves. This style is thought to be most
beneficial to children.

• Disciplinary rules are clear and the reasons behind them are explained.

• Communication is frequent and appropriate to the child’s level of understanding.

• Authoritative parents are nurturing.

• Expectations and goals are high but stated clearly. Children may have input into goals.

Smoking

Smoking is also a global problem. According to the article of the Department of Health (DOH), tobacco harms the health,
the treasury, and the spirit of the Philippines. Every year, more than 117,700 of its people are killed by tobacco-caused
disease. Still, more than 94,000 children (10-18 years old) and 12,838,000 adults (20+ years old) continue to use tobacco
each day. Complacency in the face of the tobacco epidemic insulates the tobacco industry in the Philippines and ensures
that tobacco's death toll will grow every year

What are the health effects of smoking?

• There's no way around it; smoking is bad for your health.

• It harms nearly every organ of the body, some that you would not expect. Cigarette smoking causes nearly one
in five deaths in the United States. It can also cause many other cancers and health problems.

• These include: Cancers, Including Lung and Oral Cancers. Vision Problems Such as Cataracts

• Women who smoke while pregnant have a greater chance of certain pregnancy problems.

• Their babies are also at higher risk of dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Why do people smoke?

• People say that they use tobacco for many different reasons like:

• stress relief

- Some people smoke as ‘self-medication’ to ease feelings of stress.

- Nicotine creates an immediate sense of relaxation, so people smoke in the belief it reduces stress and anxiety.

• pleasure

- Smoking is associated with pleasant and comforting feelings for many smokers. It can even be expressed as a
love of smoking. Cigarettes can relax you and smoking can be a way to retreat and pamper yourself.

• social situations

- Social smoking is smoking that only occurs in social situations such as in pubs, nightclubs or parties.
- By definition, social smokers do not smoke alone or as part of their daily routine.

Different types of smoker

Firsthand or Mainstream smoke is the inhaled and

exhaled smoke created while taking a puff on a lit
cigarette.

Secondhand smoke or side stream is the combination of

smoke from the burning end of a cigarette and the smoke
breathed out by smokers.

Thirdhand smoke is residual nicotine and other chemicals left

on indoor surfaces by tobacco smoke.

Harmful chemicals in cigarettes

Tobacco smoke is made up of thousands of chemicals, including at least 70 known to cause cancer. These cancer-causing
chemicals are referred to as carcinogens. Some of the chemicals found in tobacco smoke include:

Nicotine

Hydrogen cyanide

Formaldehyde

Lead

Arsenic

Ammonia

Carbon monoxide
Comprehensive dangerous drug act

Drug abuse affects almost all countries of the world. Based on the article published by the National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA), the Philippines has reached epidemic proportions and is one of the top priorities on the government’s
agenda. Nevertheless, when Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte assumed office in 2016, his government launched
an unprecedented campaign against illegal drugs.

What are the health effects of illegal drugs?

• Many people who use illicit drugs think that the only bad thing about doing drugs is that they are illegal and if
you get caught, you can go to jail.

• The truth is there are negative health effects associated with every illegal drug out there and some of them can
be fatal.

The Health Effects of Marijuana

• Although marijuana has become legalized in many places in recent years, there are still potential health effects
of using this substance. Studies have shown that smoking weed can have negative effects on the brain, the
heart, and the lungs

Effects of Methamphetamine

• Meth is a stimulant, which affects the body's central nervous system. It's highly addictive and cheaper than
many other street drugs, which is why so many get hooked so easily.

The Health Effects of Cocaine

• The effects of cocaine may not be as immediately noticeable as those of meth use, but they can be just as
devastating. Although cocaine overdose is rare, the use of the drug can lead to an increased risk of heart attack
and stroke.

Health Effects of Ecstasy

• methylenedioxy-methamphetamine or MDMA can cause a long list of physical problems, which can include
sleep disruption, severe anxiety, nausea, blurred vision, increased heart rate, and high blood pressure. It can
also lead to increased body temperature that can be fatal.

• The Health Effects of Heroin

• Heroin is a highly addictive drug in the opioid family, with withdrawal symptoms beginning shortly after the drug
is taken. Studies have also found that heroin use can lead to a loss of the brain's white matter, which plays a role
in a variety of important brain functions

Effects of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide

• The main problem with LSD use is that its effects are unpredictable: Someone who uses LSD regularly can
suddenly experience an acute adverse reaction, including severe anxiety, paranoia, and panic attacks, known as
a "bad trip," at any time.

Effects of illegal drugs

• You should also know that heroin and other drug exposure can result in dependence in the newborn, requiring
treatment for withdrawal symptoms. Drug use during pregnancy links to brain and behavioral problems in the
baby, which leads to cognitive challenges for the child.

effects of illegal drugs in the philippines

 • Drug addiction, no doubt, has severely affected society, cutting across all socio-economic echelons and
demographics.

• No one can deny that drug addiction is a societal menace, resulting in countless crimes, financial problems, and
broken relationships, both with families and friends.

Republic act 9165

• Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act No. 9165, is the policy of the State to safeguard
the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry particularly, the youth, from the harmful effects of
dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being, and to defend the same against acts or omissions
detrimental to their development and preservation.

MUSIC

POP MUSIC

Pop music

- is the genre of popular music that produces the most hits. A hit is a song that sells many copies, and the latest
hits are listed every week on the charts. To get on the charts, a song must be released as a single, although most
singles are also released on an album.

Michael Joseph Jackson

- Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer.

- Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century.

BALLAD

- Traditional folk music performed by a soloist that expresses a tale in a chorus form
- It is any light, simple song, having two or more stanzas all sung to the same melody.
- It is performed with a romantic or sentimental emotion

EX: Elvis Presley- can’t help falling inlove

ALTERNATIVE MUSIC

- Alternative rock, pop music style, built on distorted guitars and rooted in generational discontent, that
dominated and changed rock between 1991 and 1996.
- It is a do-it-yourself type of music of different musical bands

Ex: my chemical romace

ROCK AND ROLL

- a popular style evolved in the 1950s from a combination of rhythm and blues and country-western music
characteristics.
- PAROKYA NI EDGAR - It is a Filipino band formed in 1993. The band is known for its original rock novelty songs
- Eraserheads were a Filipino alternative rock band formed in 1989. With a line-up comprising Ely Buendia, Buddy
Zabala, Marcus Adoro, and Raimund Marasigan
- ELVIS PRESLEY “king of rock and roll”

DISCO

- a style of popular music in the 1970s and a distinguish form of dance

 - is characterized by hypnotic rhythm, repetitive lyrics, and electronically produced sounds

ARTS

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

- The captured images re digitized and stored as a computer file

ready for further digital processing, viewing, digital publishing
or printing.
- It is a photography the image where and is exposed, captured
stored electronically rather than on film.

WHAT DOES THE ACRONYM DSLR STAND FOR?

- A digital single-lens reflex camera (also called digital SLR or DSLR) is

a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a
single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as
opposed to photographic film.

Digital camera

- A camera that captures the photo not on film, but in an

electronic imaging sensor that takes the place of film.

Pixel

- Picture Element: digital photographs are comprised of thousands or millions of them; they are the building
blocks of a digital photo.
 • Smaller number = bigger hole= more light

• Smaller number = bigger hole= less depth of field

(more background blur)

• Use AV- aperature value mode

• M-manual mode

• P- program mode

Aperture ﾐ A small, circular opening inside the lens that can change in diameter to control the amount of
light reaching the camera's sensor as a picture is taken.

Shutter speed ﾐ The camera's shutter speed is a measurement of how long its shutter remains open as the
picture is taken. The slower the shutter speed, the longer the exposure time

• Shutter speed and aperature work together to make a photograph

• But you can control them separately

• To control shutter speed use TV mode

• M-manual mode

• P- program mode

Shutter speed is used to stop action 1/1000 sec Or shutter speed can blur motion 1/15 sec

ISO speed ﾐ A rating of a film's sensitivity to light. Though digital cameras don't use film, they have adopted
the same rating system for describing the sensitivity of the camera's imaging sensor.

White balance ﾐ A function on the camera to compensate for different colors of light being emitted by different
light sources.

TECHNOLOGY BASED-ART

HISTORY

- The years around the turn of the 20th century into the 21st century witnessed the greatest worldwide
transformations in the realm of art.
- These were the years many artists of the world put their faith in new technology, believing it to be the way
forward, and the means of moving positively from one century to the next.
- One of the first artist to devote time and work with new technology was Nam June Paik.
- Paik was fascinated by television sets their styles and design, and their impact on people.
- One of his best works is TV Buddha, an installation in which he observed how in ancient times, sculptures of
Buddha were carved out of mountainsides or cliffs , or placed in shrines, and pilgrims meditated before the
religious figure.
- ‘TV Buddha’ was made in Sydney in 1976 using an old wooden Maitreya (Buddha of the future).
Nam June Paik

- Korean American Composer, Performer, Sculptor, Video and Digital Artist

- Born: July 20, 1932 - Seoul, South Korea
- Died: January 29, 2006 - Miami, Florida, United States
- Nam June Paik, known as "the father of video art," surfed the forefront of cutting edge technologies and utilized
them to realize artworks, the likes the world had never yet seen.
- His various experiments positioned video as a viable art form, and a tool toward accomplishing widespread,
global connectivity - an oeuvre eerily prophetic to our contemporary information age. His revolutionary practice
laid the groundwork for today's artists working in new media art.

TECHNOLOGY BASED-ART

- Technology-based art is essentially computer-generated and/or manipulated.

- Through the centuries, visual artists used actual brushes and palettes, and a whole array of paints, inks and
natural pigments applied to paper, canvas, fabric, walls and ceilings.
- Today’s computer artists employ the ever-expanding powers of image manipulation programs and application to
create their works which can appear in an entire range of media-whether as a physical output or a virtual
experience.

COMPUTER/DIGITAL ART

- Make use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather than the artist’s own hand, to produce the desired
images and effects.
- Thus, these are definitely technology-based art forms.
- In recent decades, personal gadgets such as laptops, tablets and android phones have incorporated the artistic
capabilities of the large-scale computers.
- So it is now possible for anyone to be a digital artist.

COMPUTER/DIGITAL ART

• Mobile Phone (photos/videos)

• Digital Photography

• Digital Painting

• Computer Generated Images

• Videos (TV and Film)

 P.E

EATING DISORDERS

Eating disorders are illnesses in which the people experience severe disturbances in their eating behaviors and related
thoughts and emotions.

TYPE OF EATING DISORDERS

Anorexia Nervosa

- is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a
distorted perception of weight.
- People with anorexia place a high value on controlling their weight and shape, using extreme efforts that tend to
significantly interfere with their lives.

Bulimia Nervosa

- bulimia, is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating

disorder.
- People with bulimia may secretly binge — eating large
amounts of food with a loss of control over the eating and
then purge, trying to get rid of the extra calories in an
unhealthy way.
Binge-eating Disorder

- Is an eating disorder where there is an uncontrollable urge to eat large amounts of food.