CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SEC B 56

NEURONS AND REFLEX ARC

Grade 12 LS

QUESTION 1

1.1 The diagram below represents the central nervous system in a human.

1.1.1 Identify part:

(a) A (1)

(b) D (1)

1.1.2 State THREE functions of part B. (3)

1.1.3 Name the part that joins the two hemispheres. (1)

1.1.4 Name the system of membranes that surround the brain. (1)
(7)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 57
NEURONS AND REFLEX ARC
Grade 12 LS

1.2 The diagram below represents the structure of a neuron.

1.2.1 Name the type of neuron in the diagram above. (1)

1.2.2 Identify part

(a) B (1)

(b) F (1)

(c) A (1)

1.2.3 Give the LETTER and NAME of the part that:

(a) Transmits impulses away from the cell body (2)

(b) Insulates and speeds up the transmission of impulses (2)

1.2.4 Name the condition caused by the progressive degradation of (1)

part D (9)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 58
NEURONS AND REFLEX ARC
Grade 12 LS

1.3 The diagram below shows a reflex arc.

1.3.1 What is a reflex action? (2)

1.3.2 Name the following:

(a) The functional connection between R and S (1)

(b) Neuron S (1)

1.3.3 State the significance of the functional connection between R and S (1)

1.3.4 Explain the movement of the impulse from Q until it reaches P,

Ensure the correct order of LETTERs in your explanation. (8)

1.3.5 Explain the consequences for a reflex action if the neuron that leads
to P is damaged. (2)

1.3.6 Explain how neuron R differs in structure from the one that transmits
the impulse to P. (3)
(18)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 59
NEURONS AND REFLEX ARC
Grade 12 LS

MARKING GUIDELINES
QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 (a) A- Medulla oblongata (1)

(b) D - Cerebellum (1)

1.1.2 -Controls all voluntary activities/ example

-Contains centres that receive and interpret all sensations/
example
-Is the seat of higher mental functions/ example (3)
- Influences emotional behavior/example
1.1.3 Corpus callosum (1)

1.1.4 Meninges (1)

(7)

1.2 1.2.1 Motor/ multipolar/ efferent neuron (1)

1.2.2 (a) B - Nucleus/ nuclear membrane (1)

(b) F - Cytoplasm/ cell body (1)

(c ) A - Dendrites (1)

1.2.3 (a) C - Axon (2)

(b) D- Myelin sheath (2)

1.2.4 Multiple sclerosis (1)

(9)

1.3
1.3.1 Is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus
(2)
1.3.2 (a) Synapse (1)

(b) Interneuron/ connector neuron (1)

1.3.3 -It ensures that the impulse moves in one direction only
-It prevents continuous stimulation of the neurons
-It ensures that the impulse is transmitted from the sensory neuron
to the motor neuron (1)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 60
NEURONS AND REFLEX ARC
Grade 12 LS

1.3.4 -The receptors in the skin of the hand(Q) 

-receive the heat stimulus
-The stimulus triggers an impulse
-in the sensory neuron(R) 
-which transmits the impulse to the spinal cord (S) 
-The impulse is passed to the interneuron(S) 
-which passes it to the motor neuron
-The motor neuron passes the impulse to the muscles/ effectors of
the arm (P) 
-The muscles contract and pull the hand up (8)

1.3.5 The person will be able to receive the stimulus but will not be
able to respond to it (2)

1.3.6 Has only one dendrite

Has a short axon
Cell body on side (3)
(18)