The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

In this chapter we will learn following,

1. Averages (Mean) meaning

2. Averages applications & Properties
3. Weighted Average (Combined Mean)
4. Average Speed

Introduction

Suppose there is a group having so many values, imagine if we represent that

entire group by a single value, this leads to concept of averages.

The basic formula for the average of n numbers n1 , n2 , n3 ,… nn is

Average ( An ) = n1 + n2 + n3 .... + nn
n
So total of numbers = ( An )  n.

Example 01:
The average of 22, 24 and 26 is
22 + 24 + 26 72
Sol: = = = 24
3 3

Important Note: If there are two numbers a, b (a<b) their average lies between a & b
only.

. Concept -01: Meaning of Average

Replacing each and every number in the group with Average (Mean) value.

The average of 22, 24 and 26 is 24.

So, 24 is the unique value of this group, if we replace each and every number of this
group by 24, what happens?

Still Sum won’t change, i.e., 22 + 24 + 26 = 72 and also 24 + 24 + 24 = 72

(22 + 2) + 24 + (26 – 2)  + 2 + 0 – 2 = 0.
Positive deviation (+2) = Negative deviation (-2)
Net deviation = +2 – 2 = 0 (Always zero)
22 + 2 = 24
24 + 0 = 24
26 – 2 = 24

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The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

Foundation Questions

1. Average age of 3 students is 20 years. If a new student entered the class, what is the
age of new student so that average of the group won’t change?
(a) 20 (b) 18 (c) 22 (d) 16

2. Average age of 30 students is 18 years. If a teacher is included in the class, then average
of the class is increased by 1, what is the age of teacher?
(a) 21 (b) 31 (c) 51 (d) 49

3. The average age of 10 students is 25 years find the age of new student, if he included
average is decreased by 0.5 years?
(a) 24.5 (b) 19.5 (c) 12.5 (d) 18.75

4. The average of a batsman in 20 innings is 40, in the next innings he scored 82 runs,
his new Average is?
(a) 41 (b) 40 (c) 42 (d) 44

5. The average monthly income of a person in a certain family of 5 is Rs. 10,000. What
will be the average monthly income of a person in the same family if the income of
one person increased by Rs.1,20,000 per year? (CSAT 2016)
(a) 12,000 (b) 16,000 (c) 20,000 (d) 34,000

Concept – 02: Replacements/ Removals

Whenever a number or something is replaced by another number, observe what
is happening (find out net change) in the group to find Mean.

Example 02:
The average age of 6 members is 33. If a member aged 30 resigns and a man aged 18
becomes a member, then the average age of the new group is?
(a) 35 (b) 31 (c) 33 (d) 30
Sol: Net change = – 30 + 18 = – 12, divide this equally for all so, – 12/6 = – 2.
New average is 33 – 2 = 31

6. The average age of 10 numbers is 36, two numbers with values 15 and 21 are replaced
with 12 and 20, and then what is the new average?
(a) 36.40 (b) 35.40 (c) 27 (d) 35.60

7. The average marks of 100 students are given to be 40. It was found later that marks of
one student were 53 which were misread as 83. The corrected mean marks are (CSAT
2019)
(a) 39 (b) 39.7 (c) 40 (d) 40.3

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The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

Concept – 03: Averages Applications in Numbers

Example 03:
Average of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3.5
Sol: Average of equally spaced numbers (2 – 1 = 3 – 2 = 4 – 3 = 5 – 4 = 1) is middle
number, it is 3 here.

If a big series is given it is difficult to figure out middle number so better to follow another
way, Average = (First + Last number)/ 2

In above series, Average of first and last numbers, i.e. (5 + 1)/ 2 = 3.

Mean = (First number + Last number)/ 2 = (Smaller number + Larger number)/ 2

Example 04:
Average of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6……2023?
(a) 2022 (b) 1012 (c) 1011.5 (d) None
Solution: = (1+ 2023) / 2 = 1012

8. Consider a sequence of seven consecutive integers, the average of first five integers is
k. The average of all seven integers is:
(a) k (b) k + 1 (c) k + 2 (d) None

9. The average of 50 consecutive natural numbers is x. What will be the are average when
the next four natural numbers are also included? (UPSC CDS 2019)
(a) x + 1 (b) x + 2 (c) x + 4 (d) x + (x/54)

10. Five consecutive even numbers 2x, (2x + 2), (2x + 4), (2x + 6), (2x + 8), average is 24,
then
I. Largest number is = 28
II. Average of smallest and largest numbers is 24
Which of the above statements are/is correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only II
(c) Both I & II (d) None of the above

11. There are thirteen 2-digit consecutive odd numbers. If 39 is the mean of the first five
such numbers, then what is the mean of all the thirteen numbers? (CSAT 2017)
(a) 47 (b) 49 (c) 51 (d) 45

12. The average of all the numbers between 6 and 500 which are divisible by 5 is
(a) 275 (b) 225
(c) Can’t be determined (d) None of the above

13. Consider the following statements.

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The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

1. The average of 1st 100 natural numbers is = 50.50

2. The average of all the prime numbers and composite numbers up to 100 is = 50.50
3. The average of all the odd numbers in first 100 natural numbers is = 50
4. The average of 1st 100 even numbers is = 101
Which of the above statements are/is correct?
(a) Only 1, 2 & 3 (b) Only 2, 3 & 4
(c) Only 1, 3 & 4 (d) All the above

Concept – 04: Averages Properties

Note:
(1) Let an average of a group of numbers is A, If each and every number is added
by some constant say (k), then average is also added by same value k, so new
average is A + k.

(2) Similarly, if each and every number is multiplied by some value say (k), then
average is also multiplied by same value k, so new average is (A) k

Example 05:
4 years ago average age of A and B is 30 years. Present average age is?
(a) 32 (b) 34 (c) 26 (d) 36
Sol: = Both are increased by 4 years, so present average is 30 + 4 = 34 years.

Example 06:
In a flower shop there were 6 flowers in each bouquet. If the seller has doubled the
number of flowers in each bouquet then the new average of flowers in each bouquet:
(a) 12 (b) 8 (c) 3 (d) none
Sol: = 6 x 2 = 12

14. The average of 11 numbers is 9. If each of these 11 numbers is multiplied by 6 and

then 5 is added to each of these resultant numbers, then the new average is:
(a) 45 (b) 67 (c) 68 (d) 59

Concept – 05: Weighted Average (Combined Mean)

Suppose there are two sections A and B. Average marks of section A (30 students)
is 60 and average marks of section B (20 students) is 80. Find the average marks of entire
students in the two sections.
Total marks of section A = 60 x 30
Total marks of section B = 80 x 20
Total marks in A & B = 60 x 30 + 80 x 20.
Average is = [60 x 30 + 80 x 20] / (30+20) = 3400/50 = 68.
Overall average (= 68) is in between 60 and 80 only.

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The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

So whenever we have two (or) more groups, whose individual averages are known,
we need to find average (weighted average) of all the groups together. Assume there are
total n groups, each group having x1 , x2 , x3 ......xn elements with averages A1 , A2 .. An
respectively.

x1 A1 + x2 A2 + x3 A3 + ...... + xn An
Weight Average is =
x1 + x2 + x3 + ...... + xn

15. 80 boys with average weight 50 kgs and 120 girls with an average weight 60 kgs. Find
the average weight of whole class?
(a) 54 (b) 60 (c) 56 (d) 53

16. The average score of a batsman after his 50th innings was 46.4. After 60th innings, his
average score increases by 2.6. What was his average score in the last ten innings?
(CSAT 2020)
(a) 122 (b) 91 (c) 62 (d) 49

17. 18 kg of rice costing rs.12 mixed, 24 kg of rice costing rs.10 and 36 kg of rice costing
rs.16 are mixed. Find the average cost of the mixture?
(a) 12.75 (b) 10.78 (c) 11.56 (d) 13.23

18. A school has only 3 classes that contain 10, 20 and 30 students respectively. The pass
percentage of these classes are 20%, 30% and 40% respectively. Find the pass
percentage of the entire school.
(a) 25% (b) 33.33% (c) 45% (d) 30%

19. 50 boxes with equal weights were loaded in a ship. 5 more boxes each weighting 105
kg were later added, making the average weight of all the 55 boxes as 95 kg. The
weight of each of the 50 boxes first loaded is
(a) 95 kg (b) 94 kg (c) 96 kg (d) 102 kg

Concept – 06: Average Speed

In Time speed &distance, Distance = Speed x Time.

Average speed = Total distance travelled/ Total Time taken

Example 07:
Aman started journey from Nirmal to Hyderabad which is 200km at the speed of
40kmph, then he went Bangalore which is 300km, at the speed of 20kmph further he
went to Kochi which is 500km at the speed of 10kmph.The average speed of Aman is:

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The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

(a) 14 (2/7) kmph (b) 14(5/7) kmph (c) 15.6 kmph (d) None
 
 200 + 300 + 500  100 2
Sol:  = = 14
 200 + 300 + 500  7 7
 40 20 10 

Assume a car travelled distance d1 with speed s1 for time t1 , d 2 with speed s2 for
t2 , d 3 with speed s3 for t3 . Average speed = Total distance/ Total time.
Total distance = d1 + d 2 + d 3 & Total time = t1 + t2 + t3
d + d + d3
Average speed is = ( d1 + d 2 + d 3 )/ ( t1 + t2 + t3 ) = 1 2
d1 d 2 d3
+ +
s1 s2 s3
Important Note:
A special case, if d1 = d 2 = d 3 = d . It means car was travelled same distance in each
period of time. Therefore,
d +d +d 3
= =
d d d 1 1 1
+ + + +
s1 s2 s3 s1 s2 s3
Similarly
n
= (Harmonic mean of speeds)
1 1 1
+ + ... +
s1 s2 sn

Example 08:
A person travels at 60 km/ph on the journey from P to Q and returns at 40 km/ph.
Find his average speed (km/ph) for the journey?
(a) 42 (b) 60 (c) 48 (d) 54
Sol: Average speed is = 2/[1/60 + 1/40] = 2/[1/60 + 1/40] = 48

20. Anoop travels first 1/3rd of the total distance at the speed of 10kmph and the next
1/3rd distance at the speed of 20kmph and last 1/3rd of the speed of 60kmph. The
average speed of the Anoop is:
(a) 15kmph (b) 18kmph (c) 25kmph (d) 30kmph

21. A car travels from a place X to place Y at an average speed of v km/hr, from Y to X at
an average speed of 2v km/hr, again from X to Y at an average speed of 3v km/hr
and again from Y to X at an average speed of 4v km/hr. Then the average speed of
the car for the entire journey? (CSAT 2020)
(a) is less than v km/hr
(b) lies between v and 2v km/hr
(c) lies between 2v and 3v km/hr

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The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

(d) lies between 3v and 4v km/hr

Miscellaneous Models

22. The average income of A, B, and C is Rs.10, 000 per month and the average income of
B, C and D is Rs.12, 000 per month. If the average salary of D is twice that of A, then
the average salary of B and C is (in Rs.):
(a) 12, 500 (b) 16, 000 (c) 12, 000 (d) 15, 000

23. The average of first three numbers is double of the fourth number. If the average of
all the four numbers is 12, find the 4th number:
(a) 16 (b) 48/7 (c) 18/7 (d) 12

24. The average weight of all the 11 players in Indian cricket team is 60 kg. If the average
weight of first six lightest weight players is 59 kg and that of the six heaviest players
is 62 kg. The average weight (in kgs) of the player which lies in the sixth position in
the list of players when all the 11 players are arranged in the order of increasing or
decreasing weights:
(a) 55 (b) 56 (c) 66 (d) 52

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The SPOORTHY Averages CSAT 2024

UPSC CSAT PYQS

1. For five children with ages a < b < c < d < e; any two successive ages differ by 2 years.
Question: What is the age of the youngest child?
Statement-1: The age of the eldest is 3 times the youngest.
Statement-2: The average age of the children is 8 years.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the statement?
(CSAT 2023)
(a) The question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be
answered using the other statement alone.
(b) The question can be answered by using either statement alone.
(c) The question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be
answered using either statement alone.
(d) The question cannot be answered even using both the statements together.

2. The average weight of A, B, C is 40 kg, the average weight of B, D, E is 42 kg and the

weight of F is equal to that of B. What is the average weight of A, B, C, D, E and F? (CSAT
2022)
(a) 40.5 kg (b) 40.8 kg
(c) 41 kg (d) Cannot be determined as data is inadequate

3. There are two Classes A and B having 25 and 30 students respectively. In Class-A the
highest score is 21 and lowest score is 17. In Class-B the highest score is 30 and lowest
score is 22. Four students are shifted from Class-A to Class-B.
Consider the following statements:
1. The average score of Class-B will definitely decrease
2. The average score of Class-A will definitely increase
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (CSAT 2021)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

4. The average age of a teacher and three students is 20 years. If all the three students are of
same age and the difference between the age of the teacher and each student is 20 years,
then what is the age of the teacher? (CSAT 2020)
(a) 25 years (b) 30 years (c) 35 years (d) 45 years

5. In a class, there are three groups A, B and C. If one student from group A and two
students from group B are shifted to group C, then what happens to the average weight
of the students of the class? (CSAT 2020)
(a) It increases (b) It decreases

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(c) It remains the same

(d) No conclusion can be drawn due to insufficient data.

6. Sunita cuts a sheet of paper into three pieces. Length of first piece is equal to the average
of the three single digit odd prime numbers. Length of the second piece is equal to that
of the first piece and one-third the length of the third piece. The third piece is as long as
the other two pieces together. The length of the original sheet of paper is?
(CSAT 2019)
(a) 13 units (b) 15 units (c) 16 units (d) 30 units

7. A family has two children along with their parents. The average of the weights of the
children and their mother is 50 kg. The average of the weights of the children and their
father is 52 kg. If the weight of the father is 60 kg, then what is the weight of the mother?
(CSAT 2019)
(a) 48 kg (b) 50 kg (c) 52 kg (d) 54 kg

8. Suppose the average weight of 9 persons is 50 kg. The average weight of the first 5
persons is 45 kg, whereas the average weight of the last 5 persons is 55 kg, Then the
weight of the 5th person will be (CSAT 2017)
(a) 45 kg (b) 47.5 kg (c) 50 kg (d) 52.5 kg

9. The monthly average salary paid to all the employees of a company was ₹ 5000. The
monthly average salary paid to male and female employees was ₹ 5200 and ₹ 4200
respectively. Then the percentage of males employed in the company is (CSAT 2016)
(a) 75% (b) 80% (c) 85% (d) 90%

10. The sum of the ages of 5 members comprising a family, 3 years ago, was 80 years. The
average age of the family today is the same as it was 3 years ago, because of an addition
of a baby during the intervening period. How old is the baby ? (CSAT 2016)
(a) 6 months (b) 1 year (c) 2 years (d) 2 years and 6 months

11. A student on her first 3 tests received an average score of N points. If she exceeds her
previous average score by 20 points on her fourth test, then what is the average score for
the first 4 tests ? (CSAT 2011)
(a) N + 20 (b) N + 10 (c) N + 4 (d) N + 5

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UPSC PYQS

1. P, Q, R, S and T are five friends. The mean of weights of P, Q, R and S is 50 kg, whereas
the mean of weights of Q, R, S and T is also 50 kg. Which of the following statements
is/are correct?
1. The weight of T is 50 kg.
2. The weights of P and T are equal.
Select the correct answer using the code given below (UPSC APFC 2023)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

2. Average marks in Mathematics of Section A comprising 30 students is 65 and that of

section B comprising 35 students is 70. What are the average marks (approximately) of
both the sections if it was detected later that an entry of 47 marks was wrongly made as
74? (UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 67.28 (b) 67.58 (c) 68.11 (d) 68.63

3. The average age of father and elder son is 35 years, the average age of father and younger
son is 32 years and the average age of the two sons is 17 years. What is the average age of
the father and his two sons? (UPSC CAPF 2022)
(a) 30 years (b) 27 years (c) 28 years (d) 29 years

4. A car travels 3/4th of the distance at a speed of 60 km/hr and the remaining 1/4th of the
distance at a speed of v km/hr. If the average speed for the full journey is 50 km/hr, then
the value of v is? (UPSC CAPF 2022)
(a) 40 (b) 30 (c) 100/3 (d) 35

5. If the average of the first four of five numbers in decreasing order is 25 and the average
of the last four numbers is 20, then what is the difference between the first and the last
number? (UPSC CAPF 2022)
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20

6. The average age of a husband and his wife was 23 years when they were married 5 years
ago. The average age of the husband, the wife and their child is 20 years now. How old
is the child now? (UPSC EPFO 2021)
(a) 9 months (b) 1 year (c) 3 years (d) 4 years

7. The average weight of 100 students in a class is 46 kgs. The average weights of boys and
girls are 50 kg and 40 kg respectively. What is the difference between the number of boys
and girls?(UPSC EPFO 2021)
(a) 30 (b) 25 (c) 20 (d) 10

8. Which of the following is the average of all the prime numbers between 21 and 55? (UPSC
EPFO 2021)

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(a) 35.85 (b) 36.71 (c) 38.00 (d) 39.00

9. Let the average score of a class of boys and girls in an examination be p. The ratio of boys
and girls in the class is 3 : 1. If the average score of the boys is (p + 1), then what is the
average score of the girls? (UPSC CDS 2021)
(a) (p – 1) (b) (p – 2) (c) (p – 3) (d) p

10. A train travels 600 km in 5 hours and the next 900 km in 10 hours. What is the average
speed of the train? (UPSC CDS 2021)
(a) 80 km/hr (b) 90 km/hr (c) 100 km/hr (d) 120 km/hr

11. The average marks of 40 students in a class is 59 and after removing the highest mark,
the average of remaining 39 students is 58. What is the highest mark in the class? (UPSC
CISF AC 2021)
(a) 90 (b) 85 (c) 92 (d) 98

12. A tourist covers half of his journey by train at 60 km/ph, half the remainder by bus at 30
km/ph and rest by cycle at 10 km/ph. Average speed (in km/ph) of the tourist during
the journey is: (UPSC IES 2019)
(a) 36 (b) 33 (c) 24 (d) 18

13. The average age of Raj and his father is 45 years. If the ages of the father and grandfather
of raj are respectively two and three times that of Raj, then Raj’s grandfather is: (UPSC
CAPF AC’s 2021)
(a) 75 (b) 90 (c) 81 (d) 84

14. In a class room the ratio of number of girls to that of boys is 3 : 4. The average height of
students in the class is 4.6 feet. If the average height of the boys in the class is 4.8 feet,
then what is the average height of the girls in the class? (UPSC CDS 2020)
(a) Less than 4.2 feet
(b) More than 4.2 feet but less than 4.3 feet
(c) More than 4.3 feet but less than 4.4 feet
(d) More than 4.4 feet but less than 4.5 feet

15. A library has an average number of 510 visitors on Sunday and 240 on other days. What
in the average number of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with
Sunday?(UPSC CDS 2019)
(a) 276 (b) 282 (c) 285 (d) 375

16. Consider two-digit numbers which remain the same when the digits interchange their
positions. What is the average of such two-digit numbers? (UPSC CDS 2019)

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(a) 33 (b) 44 (c) 55 (d) 66

17. In a class of 100 students, the average weight is 30 kg. If the average weight of the girls is
24 kg and that of the boys is 32 kg, then what is the number of girls in the class? (UPSC
CDS 2019)
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28

18. If the average of 9 consecutivepositive integers is 55, then what is the largest integer?
(UPSC CDS 2018)
(a) 57 (b) 58 (c) 59 (d) 60

19. The average of the ages of 15 students in a class is 19 years. When 5 new students are
admitted to the class, the average age of the class becomes 18.5 years. What is the average
age of the 5 newly admitted students? (UPSC CDS 2018)
(a) 17 years (b) 17.5 years (c) 18 years (d) 18.5 years
20. The average height of 22 students of a class is 140 cm and the average height of 28
students of another class is 152 cm. What is the average height of students of both the
classes? (UPSC CDS 2017)
(a) 144.32 cm (b) 145.52 cm (c) 146.72 cm (d) 147.92 cm

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