-Short Bond Paper

-Format: to be send
-Handwritten
For Midterms
Title: 1 “Building Material Tools”
>tools mismo sa construction
>history of construction tools
2 “Sixteen Divisions in Building Technologies in Mastered Format”

*in content - include the history or evolution of materials

Note: 1 RSW with 2 topics
Pwede colors and Drawing
Rubrics: Content
Deadline: Saturday Morning 02/24/24 9:00 AM sharp

Outline

•Short Introduction to building Material tools

>w/ little bit common tools

w/ illustrations
•History of tools
>Illustrations and dates
•Personal Understanding and Opinion

https://dailycivil.com/construction-tools-list-uses-in-building-work/

https://www.webuildvalue.com/en/infrastructure-news/building-materials-history.html

https://www.arcsite.com/blog/how-construction-tools-have-evolved-over-time

https://apexschool.com/toolbox/history-of-carpentry-tools/

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_tools

https://rameshcorp.com/artical-details/the-evolution-of-construction-tools-through-manual-labor-t
o-high-tech-equipment (manual to hightech)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_construction
https://join.build/blog/the-history-of-construction-innovations-from-the-stone-age-to-industry-4-0/

•Short Introduction to Sixteen Divisions in Building Technologies in Mastered Format

•Sixteen divisions and Descriptions

•Personal Understanding and Opinions

Content

Introduction

In the world of construction, where architects and engineers reign supreme, are the homes to
buildings and structures built with flawless designs and precision. Of course, these buildings
have different functions, materials, and characteristics, but imagine them being built from
scratch. Isn’t it amazing? But, consider how that "scratch" began or what made it possible in the
first place. Now, let’s stop beating around the bush and talk about building material tools. These
tools are like the backbone of construction, turning architectural visions into reality. From simple
hammers to complex machinery, each tool is a testament to centuries of innovation and
craftsmanship. They're the hands and muscles behind our cities' iconic structures, making the
impossible possible.
Construction Tools

Very broadly, the term ‘tools’ refers to instruments that are used by hand.

Tools, broadly speaking, are handheld instruments used in various tasks. Meanwhile, equipment
typically refers to a collection of tools serving a specific purpose, and plant usually denotes
heavy machinery. There can be some overlap between these terms, especially at smaller
scales.

Throughout history, tools have played a vital role in construction, evolving from early materials
like timber and stone to modern power tools, which expedite tasks with greater precision and
efficiency, often a fewer workers.

Tools might be:

•Hand tools, such as; screwdrivers, brushes, trowels, wrenches, knives, crimpers, clamps, and
so on.
•Power tools, which may be powered by electricity, compressed air, liquid fuel, hydraulic power,
or powder-actuated and might include; mixers, saws, cutters, drills, grinders, guns, breakers,
and so on.
•Machine tools, used for shaping materials into components by cutting, boring, grinding, and so
on.

Tools may be general tools such as shovels and hammers, or specialist tools such electrical
tools or measuring devices. Some tools are multi-functional

It's essential to have the correct tools to ensure that tasks are completed effectively and within
deadlines. However, an excess of tools or ones that are oversized can also present challenges.
Proper training for workers in tool usage and the provision of appropriate safety gear, such as
non-interfering safety glasses and gloves, are necessary measures to mitigate potential risks.

The selection of tools, should consider their:

•Appropriateness for the job.

•Quality.
•Safety.
•Weight.
•Comfort of use (such as grip, balance, vibration and so on).
•Duration of use.
•Available space for use.
•Storage.
•Security.
•Insurance.
•Power and fuel requirements.
•Maintenance and breakdowns.
•Standards and regulations.
•Potential to cause nuisance such as noise, •dust, vibrations and so on.

History and Evolution of Construction Tools

The Stone Age (≈ 2.5 million BCE to 1,200 BCE)

The Stone Age, spanning from approximately 2.5 million BCE to 1,200 BCE, is divided into
three distinct eras: the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods. Each era saw significant
advancements in both general tools and construction tools.

•Paleolithic (Old Stone Age ≈ 2.5 million to 10,000 BCE)

During the Paleolithic Period (approximately 2.5 million to 10,000 BCE), early humans primarily
used stone tools for hunting, food preparation, and production. While construction tools were
rudimentary, such as stone axes for chopping wood, shelters were typically temporary and basic
due to the nomadic lifestyle.

•Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age ≈ 10,000 to 8,000 BCE)

In the Mesolithic Period (approximately 10,000 to 8,000 BCE), the emergence of agriculture led
to the development of more sophisticated construction tools to support permanent settlements.
Tools for clearing land, such as digging sticks and wooden hoes, became essential for early
farming communities.

•Neolithic (New Stone Age ≈ 8000 BCE to 2000 BCE)

The Neolithic Period (approximately 8,000 BCE to 2000 BCE) marked a significant
advancement in construction tools and techniques. With the widespread adoption of agriculture
and animal domestication, humans began to build more permanent structures. Construction
tools such as adzes, chisels, and drills were used to shape wood and stone for building houses,
granaries, and defensive walls around settlements.

The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age was characterized by further
advancements in construction tools, as metal tools, such as bronze chisels and saws, replaced
their stone counterparts, enabling more precise and efficient construction methods.

The Bronze Age (≈ 3000 BCE to 1,300 BCE)

During the Bronze Age, the discovery of metal led to the creation of superior construction tools,
such as metal axes and chisels. The invention of the wheel facilitated the transportation of
heavy building materials. In ancient Egypt (which emerged in this era), construction relied on
rudimentary tools like ropes and sleds to move massive stones for monumental structures like
pyramids and temples..

The Iron Age (≈ 1200 BCE to 600 BCE)

During the Iron Age, the discovery of iron forging and steelmaking revolutionized construction
tools. In Ancient Greece, advancements in mathematics led to the development of pulley
systems, enhancing builders' ability to move heavy stone slabs efficiently. In Ancient Rome,
hydraulic lime mortar (Roman cement) and innovative tools like the timber crane enabled the
construction of immense structures at rapid speeds. Additionally, Roman engineers introduced
technological innovations such as the waterwheel, sawmill, and arch, as well as intricate road
systems for efficient transportation.
The Industrial Revolution(s) (1800 – 1914)

The Industrial Revolution marked a transformative era in construction, driven by advancements

in tools and technology. Steam engines, machine tools, and machine-cut fasteners
revolutionized building practices. Innovations like I-beams and reinforced concrete enabled the
construction of taller structures. Elevators, cranes, and power tools further propelled efficiency
and productivity, reshaping the industry's reliance on manual labor. Additionally, the prioritization
of fire safety led to the development of new building codes and standards.

Industrial Revolution 4.0 (≈2000 – Present)

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0, has revolutionized the construction industry
with the advent of digital tools enabled by the internet. Traditional physical blueprints have been
replaced by cloud construction platforms, facilitating real-time collaboration among stakeholders
across different locations. This shift has significantly boosted productivity, with essential digital
tools like design collaboration software, field productivity software, preconstruction software,
and project management software becoming integral to modern construction practices.

Conclusion

The evolution of construction tools and equipment has undoubtedly revolutionized the industry,
offering greater efficiency and output. However, it's essential to acknowledge the potential
downsides, such as safety risks, high power consumption, and increased costs associated with
these advancements. Striking a balance between embracing technological innovation and
mitigating its potential drawbacks remains crucial for sustainable progress in the construction
sector.

16 Divisions

Division 1 - General Requirements of construction projects encompasses overarching

administrative and technical provisions applicable across various divisions. It includes
contractual/legal obligations, project summaries, future work explanations, meeting descriptions,
quality control, and equipment submissions. "Submittal" entails submitting equipment
descriptions for approval. Temporary facilities, site preparation, and project closure details are
outlined. General Conditions, a standard section by professional organizations, covers major
topics. Supplemental General Conditions address job-specific elements, while special laws and
building codes are noted therein.

Division 02 - Site Construction Division 2 covers site tasks like soil testing, core drilling, and
seismic exploration, as well as demolition of structures and capping/removal of existing
services. It also outlines site clearing, grading, paving, landscaping, and installing improvements
like fences and lighting.
Division 05 - Metals outlines specifications for metals used in the building, including steel
members for structures, metal roof and floor decking, and permanent metal forms. It also covers
metal fabrications like stairs, handrails, railings, gratings, castings, and lintels, including
ornamental metals when applicable.

Division 06 - Wood and Plastics covers wood and plastics in construction, including rough
carpentry, heavy timber construction, prefabricated structural wood, finished carpentry, and
architectural woodwork. It also includes specifications for plastics used in various construction
elements like joists, studs, columns, beams, hangers, and connecting devices.

Division 10 - SPECIALTIES serves as a catch-all section for construction items not covered in
other divisions. It includes items like chalkboards, louvers, grilles, pest control, lockers, signage,
and sun control devices.

Division 11 - Equipment outlines equipment typically installed by the general contractor during
building construction. This includes maintenance, bank, food service, vending, athletic, laundry,
library, medical, waste handling, and loading dock equipment.

DIVISION 12—FURNISHINGS Major headings in this division are artwork, window treatment,
fabrics, furniture, rugs and m ats,and furnishing accessories

Division 13 - Special Construction provides specifications for constructing special areas such
as clean rooms, hospital operating rooms, incinerators, instrumentation rooms, nuclear reactors,
radiation treatment rooms, sound and vibration rooms, vaults, and swimming pool spaces.

DIVISION 14—CONVEYING SYSTEMS Dumbwaiters, elevators, hoists and cranes, lifts,

material handling systems, moving stairs and walks, and pneumatic tube systems are typical
items described in Division 14

Division 15 - Mechanical outlines air conditioning, ventilation, and heating systems within a
building. It includes sections on general provisions, basic materials and methods, equipment, air
distribution, piping, insulation, controls, and instrumentation. While plumbing specifications used
to be included here, they are often now a separate division (Division 16), with electrical following
as Division 17.

DIVISION 16—ELECTRICAL The electrical division usually consists of general provisions,

basic materials and methods, power generation, power transmission, power service and
distribution, lighting, special systems, communications, controls, and instrumentation