ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY

INDETERMINATE BEAM
Slope Deflection Method
Prof. Dr. Noridah Mohamad
 INTRODUCTION
• Used to relate the moment at each end of a
member
- to the end displacements of the member
- to the loads applied to the member between
its end
• End displacements of a member can include
both a rotation and a translation
perpendicular to the member’s longitudinal
axis
SLOPE DEFLECTION
EQUATIONS
 INTRODUCTION
• It relates the unknown slopes and deflections
to the applied load on a structure
• The slope-deflection equations can be
obtained by using the principle of
superposition by considering separately the
moments developed at each support due to
each of the displacement, 𝜃𝐴, 𝜃𝐵 and ∆, and
then the loads
 INTRODUCTION
• Span AB (continuous beam)
subjected to arbitrary loading
and has a constant EI
• Relate the beam’s internal end
moment 𝑀𝐴𝐵 and 𝑀𝐵𝐴 in terms
of its three degree of freedom,
namely, its angular
displacements 𝜃𝐴 and 𝜃𝐵 , and
linear displacement Δ which
could be caused by a relative
settlement between the
support
Angular Displacement at A, 𝜃𝐴
• Consider node A of the
member to rotate 𝜃𝐴
while its far-end node B
is held fixed
• To determine the
moment 𝑀𝐴𝐵 needed to
cause this
displacement, used
conjugate-beam
method
 Conjugate Beam Method
- Is an engineering method to derive the slope and displacement of a
beam
- A conjugate beam is defined as an imaginary beam with the same
dimensions (length) as that of the original beam but load at any point
on the conjugate beam is equal to the bending moment at that point
divided by EI
 Angular Displacement at A, 𝜃𝐴
• The deflection of the “real beam” is to be zero
at A and B, therefore the corresponding sum
of the moments at each end A’ and B’ of the
conjugate beam must be zero. This yield
 Angular Displacement at A, 𝜃𝐴
• Then, we obtain the following load-
displacement relationship
 Angular Displacement at B, 𝜃𝐵
• In a similar manner, if end B of the beam rotates to
its final positions 𝜃𝐵 , while end A is held fixed
• We can relate the applied moment 𝑀𝐵𝐴 to angular
displacement 𝜃𝐵 and the reaction moment 𝑀𝐴𝐵 at
the wall. The results are;
 Relative Linear Displacement, ∆
• The moment M can be related to the displacement ∆ using the
conjugate-beam method.
• Due to the displacement of the real beam at B, the moment at
the end B’ of the conjugate beam must have a magnitude of ∆
 Relative Linear Displacement, ∆
• Summing moments about B’;
 Fixed-End Moments (FEM)
• In general, the linear or angular displacement
of the nodes are caused by loadings acting on
the span of the member, not by moments
acting at its nodes
• In order to develop the slope-deflection
equations, we must transform these span
loading into equivalent moments acting at the
nodes and then use the load-displacement
relationship previously derived
Fixed-End Moments (FEM)
Fixed-End Moments (FEM)
Fixed-End Moments (FEM)
 Slope-Deflection Equation
• If the end moments due to each displacement and
the loading are added together, the resultant
moments at the ends can be written as;
 Analysis of Beams
• Write the slope-deflection equation for each end moment
member
• Equilibrium equation obtainable to each joint where the total
of joint member is zero
 Analysis of Beams
• Applied boundary condition (determined
value for slope)
• Determine value for end moments
• Determine reaction
• Sketched shear force and bending moment
diagram
 Example
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for
the beam below. EI is constant.
 Example
Draw the shear force and bending moment
diagrams for the beam below. EI is constant.
 Reference
1. R.C Hibbeler, (2017). Structural Analysis Ninth
Edition in SI Units. Pearson Education
Limited.
2. K.M Leet, C.M Uang and J.T Lanning, (2021).
Fundamentals of Structural Analysis. McGraw
Hill.
Thank you