DETAILED LESSON SCHOOL DON MARIANO MARCOS GRADE GRADE 10

PLAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

TEACHER IRYNE M. MARRON LEARNING SCIENCE 10
AREA
PRE-SERVICE TEACHER ARTHUR N. RAMOS QUARTER SECOND
TEACHING DATES/TIME 7:30-8:30; 8:30-9:30; 9:45-10:45; 2:00-3:00

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard The learner demonstrate an understanding of the organism as having feedback
mechanism, which are coordinated by the nervous, endocrine, reproductive systems
B. Performance Standard
C. Learning Competencies Most Essential Learning Competence
/Objectives (Write
the LC Code for each)
Explain how protein is made using information from DNA (S10LT-IIId-37)
Specific Objectives
1. Differentiate the nature of DNA to that of RNA in terms of its structure, location, and bases.
2. Draw DNA and RNA in accordance to what its structural formation
3. Justify the importance of understanding DNA and RNA in Inheritance and Variation

II. CONTENT Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

Topic Title Introduction to Central Dogma- DNA vs RNA
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. REFERENCES
1. Teachers Guide pages Science10_Unit 3_Mod2_Heredity: Inheritance and Variation_ pp.191-197
2. Learners Materials Science10_Unit 3_Mod2_Heredity: Inheritance and Variation_ pp.269-279
pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional Materials
From Learning
Resource Portal
B. Other Learning
Resources
IV. PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
A. Daily Routine Good Morning, Class! Good Morning, Sir!

How are you today? Awesome, Sir!

Good to hear that.

Class secretary, is there any absent today? None, Sir!

Excellent! Before we begin this day, may I [Class president lead the prayer]
request the class president to please come in
front and lead us a short prayer. Amen.

Amen!

Before you take your seat, please pick up all the [Student Obliged]
scattered papers under your chair.

Thank you. You may now take your seats.

[Student Obliged]

B. Reviewing Previews lesson
or presenting new lesson
We are now done in our first module of the [Listen attentively]
Unit 3 which is the Coordinated Functions of
the Reproductive, Endocrine, and Nervous
Systems now let’s proceed the second Module
of the Unit 3. Heredity: Inheritance and
Variation

This module encompassed broad topics hence

we chuck them into smaller topics.

First we have DNA vs. RNA, after that we are

going to discuss about Central Dogma of
Molecular Biology
Which are further divided by 3 subtopics, we
have Replication, Transcription, and
Translation. After that topic we proceed to
topic 3 which is the Mutation. Again, it was
further divided by subtopics which are
Translocation, Deletion, and Inversion. After
that we will discuss Human Karyotyping and
Genetic Engineering together.

Let’s start then the module 2 with DNA vs.

RNA, their structure, location, bases, and
others.

Before that, let’s have a review.

Who do you resemble more, your mom or

[Student answer]
your dad?

How about your characteristic?

Who do you have similar traits to? Your mom [Student answer]
or your dad?

They say, it is because of Inheritance. It is

because of the process called genetics. Which
talks about DNA.

Some say that it is because you possessed

more dominant DNA coming from your father
and less DNA coming from your mother. Or
Vice versa.

Is that correct?
No, sir!
Why? Because During reproduction, according to genetics,
each parent contributes half of their genetic material
to the offspring. This genetic material is packaged
into structures called chromosomes, with humans
typically having 23 pairs of chromosomes. One
chromosome in each pair comes from the mother,
while the other comes from the father.
In this case what is genetics?
Genetics is the study of how traits are
passed down from parents to children. It looks at how
tiny units called genes, which we inherit from our
parents, determine things like our eye color, height,
and other characteristics. Scientists in genetics
explore how these genes work, how they can change,
and how they affect our health and development.

What is Gene? Gene is a small section of DNA that carries

instructions for a specific trait or function. These
instructions tell cells in our bodies how to make
proteins, which are essential for various processes and
structures. Genes are passed from parents to offspring
and determine many of our inherited characteristics,
such as eye color, hair texture, and susceptibility to
certain diseases
 What is DNA?
DNA is the hereditary material that carries genetic
information in cells, encoding instructions for the
development, functioning, and traits of organisms.

What is RNA?
RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a molecule involved in
various cellular processes, including protein
synthesis, gene regulation, and the transmission of
genetic information from DNA to proteins
Very Good, class!

C. Establishing a purpose for As we go through with our lesson, can we It helps us understand how traits are passed down
the lesson emphasize the importance of knowing our from parents to offspring. This knowledge is crucial
DNA? for understanding the genetic basis of inherited
diseases and traits.

It plays a significant role in medicine, including

diagnosing and treating genetic disorders, predicting
disease risk, developing personalized medicine
approaches, and researching potential gene therapies.

Scientists can investigate how species evolve over

time, understand the genetic basis of adaptation, and
explore the relatedness between different organisms.

It is essential in agriculture for breeding crops and

livestock with desirable traits, improving yield, and
developing disease-resistant varieties. It also helps in
conservation efforts by studying genetic diversity
within species.

Genetic techniques are used in forensic science for

identifying individuals, determining familial
relationships, and solving crimes through DNA
analysis.

It is fundamental in biotechnology for genetically

modifying organisms, producing pharmaceuticals,
developing vaccines, and conducting basic research in
fields such as molecular biology and bioinformatics.

[answer may vary]

Very good, class! It is important then to learn

about our DNA as well as our RNA.

So for today’s lesson, here are our Learning

objectives. Can you read it class?

D. Presenting .
Examples/instances of the Where do you usually hear the word DNA or In teleserye, sir!
new lesson RNA?

What is the significant of this? They use it to identify if a person is related to other
person sir!
Can you give a movie or teleserye

E. Discussing new concepts You already define what is DNA and what [Student Obliged]
and practicing new skills RNA is in your own words.
#1
In a clean sheet of paper. Draw the structural
form of RNA and is DNA,

DO that for 1 minute.

We are now going to watch a video. The video

contains information about what is DNA and
RNA. Carefully observe the structure of these
nucleic acid because after watching this video,
you will going to compare your drawing to that
of the proposed structure model of DNA and
RNA.

Again, go to your permanent group. [Student Obliged]

Every group must answer these guide

questions. After watching this Video, I will
give you 1 minute to wrap up all your notes and
present it in class. Bear in mind that you must
answer the provided guide questions.

Here are the guide questions:

[Students watch the video]

Okay, 1 minute to wrap up all your notes.

Okay times up!

Everybody eyes on me now.

Before we proceed, lets understand first Where

do DNA found?

Can you explain this model?

 DNA is the genetic material.
 Histones are proteins that DNA wraps
around to form nucleosomes.
 Nucleosomes are the basic units of
chromatin, made up of DNA wrapped
around histone proteins.
 Chromosomes are condensed chromatin
structures, composed of tightly packed
nucleosomes.
 The nucleus is the cellular organelle where
chromosomes are found, containing the
genetic material of the cell.
 Now that you understand where we found
DNA, you may now proceed. Begin with group Groups present their answers,

F. Discussing new concepts DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA

and practicing new skills (ribonucleic acid) both contain nitrogenous
#2 bases, but they differ slightly in composition.
DNA has four nitrogenous bases:
What are they again? 1. Adenine (A)
2. Thymine (T)
3. Cytosine (C)
4. Guanine (G)
Sir!
How about RNA?

1. Adenine (A)
2. Uracil (U)
3. Cytosine (C)
4. Guanine (G)
Sir!

RNA also has four nitrogenous bases, but it

lacks thymine and instead contains uracil (U) in
its place

So, the key difference is that DNA contains

thymine (T) while RNA contains uracil (U).

Now try to answer this one.

G. Developing Mastery (Leads [Student answer on the board]
to Formative Assessment 3) On the board, translate DNA to RNA

H. Finding Practical Again, what are the importance of knowing Sure! Here are the simple reasons why understanding
applications of Concepts DNA and RNA in inheritance and Variation? DNA and RNA is important for inheritance and
and skills in daily living variation:

1. Genetic Instructions DNA tells cells how to

function and reproduce, while RNA helps in the
process.

2. Variation and Traits , DNA mutations create

differences between individuals, influencing traits and
characteristics.

3. Disease Understanding, DNA and RNA help us

understand genetic diseases and find ways to diagnose
and treat them.
 4. Controlling Gene Activity, RNA helps regulate
which genes are active, impacting how traits are
expressed.

5. Evolution , By studying DNA and RNA, we can

track how species have changed over time.

6. Biotechnology , Understanding DNA and RNA is

crucial for techniques like gene editing, which can be
used in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

I. Making generalizations and
abstractions about the
lesson
J. Evaluating Learning
Sir!
[Ask student to share what he/she learn to the [student to share what he/she learn to the class]
class]

K. Addition activities for Assignment:

Remediation Watch video on YouTube about Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

V. REMARKS
4. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who
earned 80% in the
Evaluation
B. No. of learners who
require additional
activities for
remediation who
scored below 80%
C. Did the remedial
Lesson work? No. of
Learners who have
caught up with the
lesson.
D. No. of Learners who
continue to require
remediation
E. Which of my
teaching strategies
worked well? Why
did these work?
F. What difficulties did
I encounter which my
principal or
supervisor can help
me solve?
G. What innovation or
Localized materials
did I use/ discover
which I wish to share
with other teachers?
Prepared by: Checked:

ARTHUR N. RAMOS IRYNE M. MARRON