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ŽůƵƔƵƌ͘dƵnjĐƵůďŝƚŬŝůĞƌŝŶ

zĂLJŦŶdĂƌŝŚŝ 21 Ocak 2021
LJĞƚŝƔƚŝŒŝďƵĕŽƌĂŬƚŽƉƌĂŬůĂƌƚĂƌŦŵŝĕŝŶĞůveƌŝƔůŝĚĞŒŝůĚŝƌ.
Görsel : Çernozyom topraklar Grafik : Türkiye'de toprak ŬƵůůĂŶŦŵŦŶŦŶ ĚĂŒŦůŦŵŦ 2. Soru:

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