PROBLEM 7.

8
Situation: Velocity distributions (a) through (d) are described in the problem state-
ment.
Find: Indicate whether α is less than, equal to, or less than unity.

ANALYSIS
a) α = 1.0 ; b) α > 1.0 ; c) α > 1.0 ; d) α > 1.0

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PROBLEM 7.9
Situation: A velocity distribution is shown in case (c) in problem 7.8.
Find: Kinetic energy correction factor: α

ANALYSIS
Kinetic energy correction factor
Z
α = (1/A) (V /V̄ )3 dA
A

Flow rate equation

V = Vm − (r/r0 )Vm
V = Vm (1 − (r/r0 ))
Z
Q = V dA
Z r0
= V (2πrdr)
0
Z r0
= Vm (1 − r/r0 )2πrdr
0
Z r0
= 2πVm [r − (r2 /r0 )]dr
0

Integrating yields

Q = 2πVm [(r2 /2) − (r3 /(3r0 ))]r00

Q = 2πVm [(1/6)r02 ]
Q = (1/3)Vm A

Thus
V = Q/A = Vm /3
Kinetic energy correction factor
Z r0
α = (1/A) [Vm (1 − r/r0 )/((1/3)Vm )]3 2πrdr
0
Z r0
2
= (54π/πr0 ) (1 − (r/r0 ))3 rdr
0
α =2.7

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PROBLEM 7.10
Situation: A velocity distribution is shown in case (d) in problem 7.8.
Find: Kinetic energy correction factor: α

ANALYSIS
Flow rate equation

V = kr
Z r0
Q = V (2πrdr)
Z0 r0
= 2πkr2 dr
0
= 2πkr03 /3
V̄ = Q/A
= ((2/3)kπr03 )/πr02
= 2/3 k r0

Kinetic energy correction factor

Z
α = (1/A) (V /V̄ )3 dA
ZAr0
α = (1/A) (kr/(2/3 kr0 ))3 2πrdr
0
Z r0
3 2
α = ((3/2) 2π/(πr0 )) (r/r0 )3 rdr
0
α = ((27/4)/r02 )(r05 /(5r03 ))
α = 27/20

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PROBLEM 7.11
Situation: The kinetic energy correction factor for flow in a pipe is 1.08.
Find: Describe the flow (laminar or turbulent).

ANALYSIS
b) turbulent

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