MATHEMATICAL

LANGUAGE AND
SYMBOLS
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN
WORLD
TOPIC II
 REVIEW
Mathematical Language and Symbols Part 1
 BY DEFINITION
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
•A systematic means of
communicating by the use of sounds
or conventional symbols
•System of words used in a particular
discipline.
 Thirty is greater than twenty-six

Components of Language;
ELEMENTS OF A MATHEMATICAL
LANGUAGE
 EXAMPLE

CAROL LOVES
MATHEMATICS
30 > 18 T 2
EQUATION
Sentences can be TRUE or
FALSE. The notion of TRUTH is of
fundamental importance in the
mathematical language
 EXERCISE
S
VIGAN is a part of the province of Ilocos Sur

Tarlac is on Region IV

3+4=7

4X + 5
ANALOGY OF ENGLISH AND
MATHEMATICS
FOUR BASIC CONCEPT OF
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
 SET FUNCTION

BINARY
OPERATION RELATION
S
 BY DEFINITION

SET is a well define

collection of distinct
object
 DESCRIBING A SET
• ROSTER FORM/LISTING
METHOD/TABULAR FORM

• RULE FORM/DESCRIBING
METHOD/SET-BUILDER
NOTATION
EXAMPLES
Kinds of Sets
1. Equal Sets
-are sets with the same elements or members.
A={1, 2, 3} B={2, 1, 3}
denoted by A = B
2. Equivalent Sets
-are sets with the same number of elements
C={a, b, c} D={4, 5, 6}
denoted by C ~ D
3. Universal Sets
-the totality of elements under
consideration.
if A={1, 2, 3} and B={3, 4, 5} then the
universal set U, considering no other set
present is U={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
4. Joint Sets
-are sets with common elements.
A={4, 5, 6} and B={6, 10, 11}
5. Disjoint Sets
-are sets without common elements.
E={a, b, c} and F={e, f, g}
6. Proper Subsets
-Set A is a subset of set B, if every element
of A belongs to B.
OPERATION OF
SET
OPERATIONS ON SETS
Venn Diagram
A diagram used to show the relationships
between sets designed by john Venn (1834-
1923). The universal set is shown as a
rectangle. Inside this, other sets are shown
as circles. Intersecting or overlapping circles
are intersecting sets. Separate circles are
sets that have no intersection. A circle inside
Another is a subset.
 Example
Fifty families were interviewed
regarding 2 known brands of soaps
they prefer to use labeled as A and B:
15 families were for brand A
20 families were for brand B
7 families were for A and B
1. How many families were using brand A
only?
2. How many families were using brand B
only?
3. How many families were using at least two
brands of soaps?
4. How many families do not use any of the 2
brands of soaps?
Brand A = 15 Brand B = 20 Brand A&B = 7

U =22 A B

8 7 13
 Example
Thirty-five ladies were interviewed
regarding the two brands of shampoos they
prefer to use labeled as A and B:
15 ladies were for brand A
20 ladies were for brand B
5 ladies were for both A and B
1. a) How many ladies were using brand A
only? brand B only?
b) How many ladies do not use any of the 2
brands of shampoo?
2. a) How many ladies were using at least two
brands of shampoo?
b) How many ladies were using at most one
brand of shampoo?
Brand A = 15 Brand B = 20 Brand A&B = 5

U =5 A B

10 5 15
 FOUR BASIC OPERATIONS ON SETS
▪
▪
▪
3. Difference of sets A and B
A – B = set of all elements found in A but not in B
Let C = {1, 2, 3, 4} D = {5, 3, 2, 6}
E = {4, 2, 1, 5}
Find:
a) D – C
b) C – E
c) D – E
d) E – D
e) C – D
FUNCTION
AND
RELATION
 FUNCTION – is a relation such that no two
ordered pairs have the same first elements. A
function may be denoted as y = f(x).
RELATION – is any set of ordered pairs (x,y)
of real numbers. There are two important factors
connected with a relation – domain and range
having a (many to one) and (one to one)
relationship
INPU OUTP INPU OUTP INPU OUTP INPU OUTP
TX UTY TX UTY TX UT Y T X UT Y
1 5 1 1 5 5

2 6 2 2 6 6
6 2
3 7 3 3 7 7

4 8 4 4 8 8

one to many to one to one to

one one many many
relation relation relation
relation FUNCTI NOT FUNCTION/RELATION
ON
Example:
1.) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5)
one to many not function/relation
x = fixed/constant y = variable
2.) (1, 3) (2, 3) (3, 3) (4, 3)
many to one function
x = variable y = fixed/constant
3.) y = x + 1
y = depends on x one to one function
4.) x = -1
x = constant = relation
 END OF
DISCUSSION