CELLS, TISSUES

AND ORGANS
Science Presentation
HUMANS ARE MADE
UP OF CELLS,
TISSUES AND
ORGANS.
WHAT ARE CELLS?
Cells are the smallest biological unit and
make up all living organisms.
WHAT IS TISSUE?
Tissue is a group of cells that have the
same structure and function.
WHAT ARE ORGANS?
Organs are made up of two or more
types of tissue organised to perform a
specific function.
HOW ARE THEY
RELATED?
CELLS

TISSUES

ORGANS
 HOW DO
THEY HELP
ORGANISMS
SURVIVE?
 CELLS TRANSFER NUTRIENTS AND WASTE
AROUND THE BODY

TISSUES PROVIDE SHAPE, STRUCTURE AND

PROTECTION

ORGANS ALLOW BODY SYSTEMS TO PERFORM

SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
CLASS DISCUSSION:
Think about the different types of
tissues in the human body, such as
muscle and nerve tissue.

How do these tissues differ in terms of

their structure and function, and why is
it important for the body to have
different types of tissue?
 CELL
Fundamental unit of life
table of 01 02

contents:
Cell. Types of cells: components.

03 04
Structure and basic functions. Protein synthesis.

05 06
Energy supply. Cellular digestion.

07 08
Support and movement. Storage and transportation.
 Cell
Basic and fundamental unit of life,
it possesses a highly organized
structure that enables it to carry
out its vital functions.
 Prokaryotic Prokaryotic
Dispersed genetic material
Lack a defined
nucleus in the cytoplasm.

Plant

Types Cellulose cell wall;

chloroplasts and vacuoles.

of Cells
Animal
Rigid cell wall;
may have flagella.
Eukaryotic
Have a defined
nucleus
Protist
They can have a cell wall,
without differentiated tissues.

Fungal
Chitin Cell Wall;
they are heterotrophs.
 Composed of several fundamental components

Ribosome Rough endoplasmic

Cell membrane Nucleus Golgi Apparatus
reticulum.

Lysosome and
Mitochondria Chloroplasts peroxisome Centriole Microtubules
 Structure and
basic functions
These components work together to maintain cellular
homeostasis and perform essential life activities.
 Cell membrane

The cell membrane surrounds the cell

and is a selective barrier between the
interior and the exterior.

Its primary role lies in regulating the

passage of substances, including
nutrients and waste materials.

Within it, specialized proteins play a

crucial role in facilitating molecular
transport and cellular communication.
 Cell nucleus

An organelle that houses DNA, located

in the center of eukaryotic cells.

Its primary function is to store and

safeguard genetic information,
controlling gene expression and DNA
replication.

It also contains the nucleolus, which is

involved in ribosome synthesis.
 Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is a gel-like matrix

containing water, salts, proteins, and
other molecules. It occupies the
intracellular space between the cell
membrane and the nucleus.

It plays a crucial role in biochemical

reactions, energy production, and
substance transport. Essential for
cellular metabolism, it provides
structural support to the cell.
 Protein Synthesis

Building and repairing cellular structures, regulating biological

processes, and expressing specific characteristics of each organism.
 Ribosome

Ribosomes are essential organelles for

cellular functioning and survival.

They synthesize proteins using the

genetic information from messenger
RNA (mRNA), which is crucial for
cellular structure, function, and
regulation.

Ribosomes are located in the

cytoplasm and the rough
endoplasmic reticulum.
 Endoplasmic reticulum

A network of interconnected membranes that

extends from the nuclear membrane to the
cell membrane. It plays a fundamental role in
the transport, processing, and distribution of
proteins and lipids within the cell.

There are two main types of ER:

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is

studded with ribosomes and is involved in
the synthesis and modification of proteins.

The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

specializes in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate
metabolism, and detoxification.
Cellular Digestion

It involves breaking down molecules and unwanted materials,

enabling the recycling of nutrients and cellular maintenance.
 Lysosomes Peroxisomes
They contain enzymes that degrade
They contain digestive enzymes that
hydrogen peroxide and toxic
break down molecules and unwanted
compounds, thereby protecting the
cellular materials.
cell from oxidative damage.

They facilitate cellular digestion, by Additionally, they play a role in the

disposing of waste, recycling synthesis and degradation of lipids
nutrients, and defending against and bile acids, regulating lipid
pathogenic invasions. metabolism and overall homeostasis.
 Support and
Movement
Maintaining cellular shape, enabling cellular movement
and division, are essential for its functioning and survival.
 Cytoskeleton

It is composed of protein filaments

(microtubules, microfilaments, and
intermediate filaments) and provides
support and enables movement in
eukaryotic cells.

Its specific functions encompass stability,

intracellular transport, and contraction.
Furthermore, it regulates cellular shape
and plays a role in division, migration,
and communication.
 Flagella and cilia

Specialized structures for movement.

They are elongated and enable
locomotion in liquid environments,
whereas cilia are shorter and create
coordinated flow on the cell surface.

Composed of microtubules in a
'9+2' pattern, they are essential
for sperm motility.
 Storage and
Transportation
They manage nutrients, eliminate waste,
and regulate metabolic processes.
 Vacuoles

Membrane-bound organelles found in

plant cells and some animal cells. They
store nutrients, water, ions, and waste
materials, regulating turgor pressure
and osmotic balance.

Vacuoles can also be involved in the

digestion of substances and serve as a
defense mechanism against predators
by containing toxins.
Vesicles and endosomes

Membranous vesicles that transport

specific materials between organelles
and the cell membrane.

Vesicles: They transport materials from

the endoplasmic reticulum and the
Golgi apparatus to other destinations.

Endosomes: They capture and

distribute materials for degradation,
recycling, or their incorporation into
metabolic pathways.
Thank you!
Any questions?
 Parts and Functions of an

Animal Cell
 Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are be able to:

01 02 03

Give a definition Label the parts Identify the

and description of an animal cell. functions of
of cells. each parts.
 Topics

Definition of a Cell
What is an Animal Cell?
Parts and Functions
01
Definition of a Cell
 What is a cell?

It is a small compartment that

holds all of the biological
equipment necessary to keep an
organism alive.
02
Animal Cell
 Animal Cells
They are eukaryotic cells with
relatively large cells with a
nucleus and specialized
structures called organelles.
03
Parts and Functions
Cell Membrane

It surrounds the cell and is

responsible for regulating what
moves in and out of a cell.
 Nucleus

It contains most of the cell's

genetic material. The majority of
the nucleus is filled with chromatin.
 Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is an organelle of cells that

forms a network of
membranes. They are
important for many cellular
processes such as protein
production.
 Mitochondria

They are one of the most important of all

organelles. Their role is to produce energy
currency through respiration.
 Lysosomes
They are the stomach of the cell.
Their role is to break down waste
materials and cellular debris.
Golgi Apparatus

It is another set of
membbranes that serves
important functions including
modifying protein and
transporting substances out of
the cell.
 Centrioles
These are hollow tubes that give
organelles their shapes. The main
function of centrioles is to help
chromosomes move inside the cell.
 Vacuoles

They are enclosed compartments

that are filled with water
containing organic and inorganic
molecules.
Thank you!
The Plant Cell
Parts and Functions
 Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

01 Determine the definition of a plant cell.

02 Identify the parts of the plant cell.

03 Describe the functions of the organelles.

 Lesson Flow

Functions of
Plant Cell Structure of
the Major
Definition the Plant Cell
Organelles
01 Plant Cell
Definition
Plant Cell
Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that vary in
several fundamental factors from other
eukaryotic organisms. The existence of a
cell wall outside the cell membrane is one
of the distinguishing characteristics of a
plant cell.
02 STRUCTURE
The Anatomy of the Plant Cell
 Cell
Lysosome
Membrane

Mitochondria
Nucleolus

Nucleus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Vacuole

Peroxisome
Golgi
Apparatus
03 ORGANELLES
Parts and Functions
 Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a thin
barrier that surrounds the cells of
all living organisms. It is
composed of a double layer of
phospholipid molecules and
proteins.
Nucleus and Nucleolus
The nucleus is often referred to as
the "control center" of the cell. The
nucleolus is responsible for the
production of ribosomes, which
are responsible for making
proteins.
 Chloroplast
It is essential for the growth and
survival of plants, as they are
responsible for producing food, in
the form of sugars, for the plant.
 Vacuole

It is essential for the growth and survival of plants, as

they are responsible for producing food, in the form
of sugars, for the plant.
Golgi Apparatus
It is involved in the sorting and
packaging of proteins and
other molecules which are
transported within and out of
the cell.
 Mitochondria

Mitochondria also contain their own DNA and

ribosomes, which allow them to replicate and
produce proteins.
 Lysosome
It is a membrane-bound
organelle that is responsible
for the breakdown and
recycling of macromolecules
that are no longer needed by
the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum is

an organelle that helps in the
transport, processing, and
storage of proteins and other
molecules.
 Thank you
for listening!