SEED DISPERSAL METHODS:

Wind
- Winged seeds (e.g. sycamore)
- Seeds may have thin wings as extension of the seed that enables them to glide in the wind.
- Light feathery bristles (e.g. dandelions)

Water
- May produce light seeds that float.
- Can be carried by river or ocean currents.
- Floats in river far away from parent plants (e.g. coconuts, mangrove seeds)
- Seeds can be washed up on beaches (e.g. mangroves)

Animals
- Can be eaten as fruits and seeds are excreted (e.g. by birds)
- Adapted to stick on fur of animals.
- May have hooks, barbs and spine to attach to a passing animal (e.g. goose grass)

Explosion/ force:
- Methods to fling seeds out of seedpod
- When dry, pods split open and seeds scatter (e.g. peas)
- Some build up water pressure to expel seeds (e.g. squirting cucumber)

Gravity
- Some seeds have tough outer shell (testa) to roll away from parent plant (e.g. chestnut,
acorns)
- If they have soft skin, they can break open when hitting the ground, chattering the seeds
(e.g. passion fruit)