2

Definite Integration 2.1

Chapter Definite Integration

INTEXT EXERCISE: 1
1 1

x 2 dx = x3 D = 3
3 1
# e2 lnx dx = # 1 π/2
1. # cos x
0 0
0 6. I= ]1 + sin xg]2 + sin xg dx
r r 0
4 4
Put sin x = t
2. # tan 2 x dx = # ]sec 2 x - 1gdx
0 0
cos x dx = dt
= tan x - x? π/4 1
dt
r
0
I= # ]1 + t g]2 + t g
= 1- 4 0
1

# 1 1
]1 + t g - ]2 + t g dt
π/2 =
# x + sin x
3. 1 + cos x dx 0

= 6log ]1 + t g - log ]2 + t g@0

0 1
x x
π/2
x + 2 sin 2 cos 2
= log 2 - log 3 + log 2 = log b 3 l
I= # dx 4
x
0 2 cos 2 2
r/2 r/2 r/2
1 x x 1 + cos x
= 2 # x sec 2 2 + # tan 2 dx 7. I= # ]1 - cos xg5/2
dx
0 0 r/3
r r
r 2 2 r/2 x
2 cos 2
= x tan b 2 lE -
x 2 x x
# tan 2 dx + # tan 2 dx = #
b 2 sin 2 x l
0 5 /2
0 0
π
r/3
2
= x tan b 2 lE
x 2 r x
= 2 r/2
cos 2
1
0
= 4 # 5 dx

4. I= #e x
sin xdx bsin x l
r/3
2
x 1 x
= sin x.e x - # cos x.e x dx Put sin 2 = t = 2 cos 2 dx = dt
1/ 2
I = e x . sin x - cos x.e x - # sin xe x dx 1 # dt
I= 2
1
t5
I = e x ]sin x - cos xg - I
2
1

= 2 ] g = 8 ; 4 E1
1 t -4 -1 1 2 3
= 2
I = 2 e x ]sin x - cos xg + c
1 -4 t 2
1 1
8. Put t =- x & dt = 2 dx , then it reduces to
putting the limits x
π

I = 2 e x ]sin x - cos xgD e t dt = 6e t@--11/2 = e -1/2 - e -1 =

1
-1/2 e -1
2
#-1 e .
0

= 2 e r/2 + 2 = 2 ]e r/2 + 1g
1 1 1 9. Put x = tan i , ` dx = sec2 idi

r
2 As x = 1 & i = 4 and x = 0 & i = 0 , then
e c x - 2 m dx
1 1
5. I= # x
x r /4 r /4
I=2# i sec2 idi = 2 [i tan i] r0 /4 - 2 #
1
tan idi
= ex . x D
1 2 0 0

= 2 + 2 6log cos x@0 = 2 - 2 log 2 .

1 r r /4 r
]a #e x
^ f ] xg + f ' ] xghdx = e f ] xg + cg x

e2
= 2 -e
2.2 Mathematics

#1 e ex ^1 + x log xhdx = #1 e 1x e x dx + #1 e e x loge xdx

x
10.

= 7e x log xA1 - #1 e e x log xdx + #1 e e x log xdx

e

= 7e e log e - e1 log e 1A = e e .
INTEXT EXERCISE: 2
xf ]sin xg dx = 2 f ]sin xg dx
#0 r r #0 r
1.
#-1 x x dx = 0 ,
1
Therefore
Since #0 a xf]xgdx = 12 a #0 a f]xgdx,
(By the property of definte integral)
if f ]a - xg = f ]xg .
7. I= #0 r x log sin x dx ...(i)
#-4 #-4 - ]x + 2gdx + #-2 ]x + 2gdx
4 -2 4
2. x + 2 dx =
-2 4
= #0 r ]r - xg log sin ]r - xgdx ...(ii)
2 2
= -2x - 2x + x2 + 2x = 20.
-4 -2 By adding (i) and (ii), we get
r /2

3. I= #0
r /2 cot x
dx ...(i)
2I = #0 r r log sin xdx & I = 22r #0 log sin x dx
cot x + tan x
= r b 2 log 2 l = 2 log 2 .
r 1 r2 1
cot b 2 - x l
r
r /2
= #0 dx
cot b 2 - x l + tan b 2 - x l log b cos x l dx
r r r /2 r /2
sin x
8. #0 log tan x dx = #0
r /2 r /2
= #0
r /2 tan x
dx ...(ii) = #0 log sin x dx - #0 log cos x dx = 0
tan x + cot x
Now adding (i) and (ii), we get &a #0 a f]xgdx = #0 a f]a - xgdx 0 .

dx = 5x?r0 /2 & I = 4 .
cot x + tan x r /2
cos x - sin x
#0
r /2
#0 r 9.
2I =
tan x + cot x 1 + sin x cos x dx = I ...(i)

cos b 2 - x l - sin b 2 - x l
4. r /2
di r /2
di r /2
di r r
I= #0 = #0 = #0
1 + tan b 2 - i l
r /2
1 + tan i r 1 + cot i
Now, I = #0 dx
1 + sin b 2 - x l cos b 2 - x l
r r

b 1 1
l
r /2
On adding, 2I = #0 +
1 + tan i 1 + cot i di
#0
r /2
sin x - cos x
= 1 + sin x cos x dx ...(ii)
di = 5i?
r /2
#0 r /2 r r
= 0 = 2 &I= 4.
On adding, 2I = 0 & I = 0.
f ] xg = #a #a #0
x 3 t 0 x 3 t
5. t e dt = t3 .e t dt + t e dt
10. Let f ]xg = log b 2 + x l
2-x
df ]xg
& dx = dx b #a t3 .e t dt l + dx b #0 t .e dt l = x3 e x .
d 0
d x 3 t

& f ]- xg = log b 2 + x l =- log b 2 + x l =- f ]xg

2 - x -1 2-x

6. Let f ]xg = x x .
#-1 log b 22 -+ xx ldx = 0 .
1
`
Then f ]- xg =- x - x =- x x =- f ]xg
 Definite Integration 2.3
INTEXT EXERCISE: 3
We have, lim ; + ... + 2n E
n n 1
log ]sec ig2 di = 2 #
1. 2 +
#0
r /2 r /2
n$3 1 + n 4 + n2 `I= logsec idi
0
n n
n n
= lim / = lim / =- 2 #
r /2
r 1 1
n c1 + 2 m
n $ 3r = 1 r + n 2 n $ 3r = 1
2
2r2 logcos idi =- 2. 2 log 2 =- r log 2 = r log 2.
0
n
n 6. Using gamma function,
1 dx
= lim / #0
1

C b 2 l C2
= , 3
c1 + r 2 m
2
n $ 3r = 1 1 + x2 r /2
#0 2 3 2
n sin x cos xdx = = 15 .
2C b 2 l
7

) Applying formula, lim / & fb nr l3 . 1n = #0 1 f]xgdx 0

n-1

n $ 3r = 0 Aliter: use Walli’s formula

= 6tan -1 x@10 = tan -1 1 - tan -1 0 = 4 .

r
Cb 2 lCb 2 l
3 1
r /2 r/2
7. #- r/2 sin x dx = 2 #0
2 2 r
sin x dx = 2 = 2.
2C b 2 l
2+2
1 4 1
2. Let S = lim + + ... + 2n
n$3 13 + n2 23 + n3
Aliter: use Walli’s formula
1 4 n2
= lim 3 + 3
3 3 + ... +
n $ 31 + n 2 +n n + n3
3
r /2
n
r 2 n
r 2 8. #0 r sin 4 x dx = 2 # sin 4 x dx
` S = lim / = lim / 0

n c 3 + 1m
n $ 3r = 1 r 3 + n 3 n $ 3r = 1 3 r
3

n Applying gamma function,

brl C ^5/2h C ^1/2h 3r

2
r /2
2#
2C ^6/2h
n
1 n sin 4 x dx = 2 = 8 .
= lim / n.
0
;1 + b r l E
3
n$3 r=1
n Aliter: use Walli’s formula

#0
1 x2
Applying the formula, we get A = dx 9. Using gamma function,
1 + x3

Cb 2 lCb 2 l
3 1 1 b1 l b1 l
2C 2 C 2
dx = 3 7log e ^1 + x3hA0 = 3 log e 2.
1 #0
1 3x2 1 1 #0
r /2
r
2C ]2 g 2.1C ]1 g
1 2
=3 cos x dx = = = 4.
1 + x3

= lim / c 100 m
199 + 299 + ... + n99
n
r99 Aliter: use Walli’s formula
3. lim 100
n$3 n n $ 3r = 1 n
2 ^x + a h - a 2 2 2
10. #0 3 ^ x2 + ax2hdx
^ x2 + b2h
= #
3
^ x2 + a2h^ x2 + b2h
dx
= lim n / b n l = x99 dx = ; 100
x E = 1 .
n 99 100 1
1 r #0
1
0
n$3 r=1 0 100
2n
#0 3 x2 1+ b2 dx - a2 #0 3 ^ x2 + a2h1^ x2 + b2h dx
1 r/n x
L = lim / n . #0
2
4. = dx = 5 - 1.
1 + ^ r/nh
= : b tan -1 b D - 2
2
1 + x2 1 x 3 a2 #0 3 ^ x2 + a2h1^ x2 + b2h dx
n $ 3r = 1

^a - b 2 h
^ h
0
2
5. Let I = #0 3 log1 1++x2x dx 1 r a2 : 1 tan -1 x - 1 tan -1 x D3 r
^a - b 2 h b
=b$2 - 2 b a a 0 = 2 ]a + bg .

Put x = tan i & dx = sec2 idi,

2.4 Mathematics

EXERCISE - 1
Fundamental definite integration, definite integration 1 1 dx 1 dt
#0 #0 #0
k k 2k

1 + ]2xg2 4
by substitution 8. dx = 2 =
2 + 8x2 1 + t2
#-2 ^ax3 + bx + chdx = ; ax4 + 2 + cxE = 4c.
4 2
1.
2 bx2 1 1
-2
= 4 tan -1 t 20k = 4 tan -1 2k.

Hence depends on c. Comparing it with the given value, we get

r 1
cosec 2x dx = 2 6log tan x@r/6
r /4
1 tan -1 2k = 4 & 2k = 1 & k = 2 .
2. #r/6 r /4

r /2
#r/4 1
= 2 :log tan 4 - logtan 6 D = 2 log 3
1 r r 1 9. Let cos i di
sin2 i
r /2 Put t = sin i & dt = cos i di, then we have
3. Let I = #0 cos i sin3 idi
#1/ 2 t12 dt = : -t1 D1/ 2 =
1 1
Put t = cos i & dt =- sin idi, then 2 - 1.

I =- # t1/2 ^1 - t2h dt = ^t1/2 - t5/2h dt #0 sin -1 x

1/ 2
#0
0 1
10. I= dx
1 ^1 - x2h3/2

I = : 3 t3/2 - 7 t7/2D = 21 .
2 2 1
8 1
Put sin -1 x = t & dx = dt and x = sin t
0 1 - x2
r /4 r /4
sin3 i r 1
4. #0 sec7 i. sin3 idi = #0 . sec 4 idi Also t = 0 to 4 as x = 0 to
cos3 i 2
r /4
Putting tan i = t, it reduces to #0 r 1
&I= t. sec2 t dt = 4 - 2 log 2.

t3 ^1 + t2h dt = t4 + t6
4 6 1
#0
1 5 r /2 r /2
0
= 12 . 11. Let I = #0 sin x sin 2x dx = 2 #
0
sin2 x cos xdx

x log x dx = ^log x log x ha -

5. Let I = #a
b 1 b
#a
b 1
x log x dx Put t = sin x & dt = cos x dx

& 2I = 7^log xh2Aa & I = 2 7^log bh2 - ^log ah2A

1
Now, I = 2 # t2 dt = 3 6t3@10 = 3 .
b 1 2 2
0

= 2 6^log b + log a h^log b - log a h@ = 2 log ]abg log b a l .

1 1 b r /2
dx
12. I= #0 2 + cos x
6. Put x = tan i & dx = sec2 i di r /2
dx
= #0 x 2 x x x
r 2 sin 2 + 2 cos 2 + cos2 2 - sin2 2
2
Also as x = 0 , i = 0 and x = 1, i = 4
x
r /4 sec2 2
#0 #0
1 r /2 r /2
Therefore, tan -1 x dx = i sec2 i di #0 dx #0
= x = x dx
2 x
sin 2 + 3 cos2 2 3 + tan2 2
r r 1
= 4 - log 2 = 4 - 2 log 2.
x 1 x
Put t = tan 2 & dt = 2 sec2 2 dx, then
#0
1 dx
6]a - bg x + b@2
7. Let I =
tan -1 d n.
dt 2 1
I=2#
1
=
Put t = ]a - bgx + b & dt = ]a - bg dx 3 + t2 0 3 3
1
As x = 1 & t = a and 13. Put t = tan -1 x & dt = dx, then
1 + x2
x = 0 & t = b, then
tdt = ; t2 E
r /4
#0
1 tan -1 x #0
r /4 2
r2
dx = = 32 .
#b a t12 dt = ]a 1- bg :- 1t Db = ]a 1- bg b aab
-bl 1 1 + x2
a
1 0
I = a-b = ab .
 Definite Integration 2.5
1
14. Put t = log x & dt = x dx. 19. Put 1 + e = t & - e dx = dt , then we have
-x -x

]t - 1g]- dtg
1 1
b 1 - 1 l dt
1+ e 1+ e
As x = 2 & t = log 2 and x = 1 & t = 0 , we have I= #2 t = #2 t

cos ^log xh = 6log e t - t@2 = log e b1 + e l - b1 + e l - log e 2 + 2

1
1 1
cos tdt = 5sin t? = sin ^log 2h.
log 2 1+ e
#1 #0
2 log 2
x dx =+ 0

= log e b 2e l - e + 1.
e+1 1
15. Put t = a2 + x2 & 2xdx = dt, then

#0 a xdx 1 #a
2a 2 1 r /4
sin x + cos x
=2 dt 20. Let I = #0 9 + 16 sin 2x dx
a2 + x2 2
t
= 7^2a2h1/2 - a2/2A = a ^ 2 - 1 h . Put sin x - cos x = t, then ]sin x + cos xg dx = dt

1 1 r #-1
0 dt #-1
0 dt
16. Put t = x & dt =- 2 dx as t = 2 and r
9 + 16 ^1 - t2h
I= =
x 25 - 16t2

sin b x l
1 1 #-1 b 5 -1 4t + 5 +1 4t ldt
0

dx =+ # sin t dt =- 5cos t?
2/r = 10
` #1/r x2
r

r /2
r
r /2

= 10 $ 4 6log ]5 + 4tg - log ]5 - 4tg@

0
1 1
=- ;cos r - cos b 2 lE = 1.
r
-1

= 40 ^log 9 - log 1 h = 20 log 3.

1 1
17. Put x = a tan i & dx = a sec2 idi, then we have

e x ^log sin x + cot x h dx

r /2
I= #0
r /4
a 4 tan 4 i.a sec2 idi 21. Let I = #r/4
a8 sec8 i
r /2 r /2
1
& 3 #0
r /4
sin i cos idi = I = 3 ; # (sin 4 i - sin6 iE di
4 2 1 r /4
I= #r/4 e x log sin x dx + #r/4 e x cot x dx
a a 0
e x log sin xdx + 7e x log sin xAr/4
; ]1 - cos 2ig - ]1 - cos 2ig Edi
r /2
1 r /4 2 3 = #r/4 r /2

= 3
a
#0 4 8 r /2
-# e x log sin x dx
]1 + cos 2ig^1 + cos 2i - 2 cos 2ih di
r /4
1 #0 2 r /4
= 3
8a r r 1
= e r/2 log sin 2 - e r/4 log sin 4 = 2 e r/4 log 2.
^1 - cos 2i - cos 2i + cos 2ih di
r /4
1 #0 2 3
= 3
8a 1
22. Put t = sin -1 x & dt = dx, then
]2 - cos 2i - 2 cos 4i + cos 6igdi
1 r /4 1 - x2
=
32a3
#0
t sin t dt = 5- t cos t + sin t?r0 /6
#0
1 /2
x sin -1 x #0
r /6
dx =
1 :2i - sin 2i - sin 4i + sin 6i D r /4 1 - x2
= 2 2 6 0
= ;- r .
32a3 3 1 E ;1 3rE
= .
1 br - 1 l 6 2 +2 2 - 12
= .
16a3 4 3
23. Put x = 2 cos i & dx =- 2 sin idi, then
2r

e sin b 2 + 4 l dx
# r x r
18. I= 2
#0 2+x 1 + cos i
2 - x dx =- 2 #r/2
2 0
0 sin idi
x 1 - cos i
2 = t & dx = 2dt r /2 cos ^i/2h i i
=4#
sin ^i/2h
π π sin 2 cos 2 di
# et sin bt + r4 ldt # et d sin2t + cos2t ndt
0
I=2 =2
]1 + cos ig di
r /2
0
π
0 =2#
2 # t ]sin t + cos t g
0
= e dt
= 2 5i + sin i?r0 /2 = 2 : 2 + 1D = r + 2.
20 r

= 2 6et sin t@0π = 2 ]0 g = 0

2.6 Mathematics

sec2 2xdx = 4 5tan 2x?r0 /8 = 4 51 ? = 4 .

1 #0
r /8
1 1 1 33. Since sin x < x for 0 < x # r/2
24. 2
r /2 r /2
#0 sin x #0 r
25. sin 4 + cos 4 dx = 4 :sin 4 - cos 4 D So,
x x x x x 2r 1dx = 2 .
#0 #0 x dx <
2r 2r
1 + sin 2 dx =
0

= 4 51 - 0 - 0 + 1? = 8.
#-1 'tan-1 c x2 x+ 1 m + tan-1 b x + 1 l1 dx
3 2
34. I= x
#0 cos -1 x dx = 7x cos -1 x - 1 - x2A0 = 1.
1 1
26.
#-1 'tan-1 c x2 x+ 1 m + cot-1 c x2 x+ 1 m1 dx
3
r /2
=
#0 cos x
27. 1 + cos x + sin x dx
cos2 ^ x/2h - sin2 ^ x/2h #-1
3 r
r /2 = 2 dx = 2r.
= #0 2 cos ^ x/2h + 2 sin ^ x/2h cos ^ x/2h
2 dx

1 - tan2 ^ x/2h
35. Put log x = u in I1 , so that dx = x du = e u du
;1 - tan b x lE dx
r /2 r /2
1 #0 1 #0
1 + tan ^ x/2h
=2 dx = 2 2
r 1 r 1 Also as x = e to e2, u = 1 to 2
4 + log 2 = 4 - 2 log 2.
#1
2 eu #1
2 ex
Thus, I1 = u du = x dx. Hence, I1 = I2 .
^2 + 3x2h cos 3x dx
r /6
28. Let I = #0
#- r/4 e-x sin xdx = ; e2 ]- sin x - cos xgE
r /4 -x r /2
36.
= : 3 ^2 + 3x2hD -
r /6
sin 3x r /6
sin 3x
0
#0 3 .6x.dx
- r /4

= 2 6e -x ]- sin x - cos xg@- r/4

1 r /2

= 36 ^r2 + 16h .
1

= 2 <e - r/2 ]- 1 - 0g - (e r/4 d n2F =- e

1 1 1 - r /2
-
29. Put sin2 x = t & dt = 2 sin x cos xdx 2 2 2 .

Now #0
r /2
sin x cos x 1
dx = 2 #0
1 1
dt = 2 6tan -1 t@10 = 8 .
1 r Properties of definite integration
1 + sin 4 x 1 + t2
r /2 r /2
30. Put e x - 1 = t2 & e x dx = 2t dt 37. #0 log sin x dx = #0 log cos x dx

Also as x = 0 to log 5, t = 0 to 2 r /2
& 2I = #0 log sin x cos x dx
log 5 ex ex - 1 2t 2
#0 #0
2 r /2 r /2
Therefore, dx = dt = #0 log sin 2x dx - #0 log 2dx
ex + 3 2
t +4

= 2 ; #0 1dt - 4 #0 E = 4 - r.
2 2 dt 1
t2 + 4 =2 #0 r log sin tdt - r2 log 2 ,
#0
1 dx #0
1 dx (Putting 2x = t)
]x + cos ag2 + 1 - cos2 a
31. =
x2 + 2x cos a + 1

= : sin a tan -1 sin a D

r /2
1 r
#0 dx 1 x + cos a 1 = 2 .2 # log sin tdt - 2 log 2
1

]x + cos ag + sin a
= 2 2
0 0

= sin a b tan -1 cot 2 - tan -1 cot a l = 2 . sin a . & 2I = I - 2 log 2 &= 2 log 2, &a
r -r #0 f ]xg dx = #a f ] t g dt 0 .
b b
1 a a 1

32. Let I = 2 #0
r
sin mx sin nx dx = #0 r 6cos ]m - ngx - cos ]m + ngx@dx 38. Let f ]xg = x17 cos 4 x

sin ]m - ngx sin ]m + ngx Er f ]- xg = ]- xg17 "cos ]- xg,4 =- f ]xg

=; ]m - ng - ]m + ng 0
Therefore,
sin ]m - ngr sin ]m + ng r E
=; ]
m - ng
- ]
m + ng
= 0.
#-1 x17 cos4 x dx = 0.
1

Since, sin ]m - ngr = 0 = sin ]m + ngr

for m ! n.
 Definite Integration 2.7
r /2
sin3/2 x dx 1 #0
1 dx
39. Let I = #0 cos3/2 x + sin3/2 x
...(i) &
2
#
1 + x4
#1

sin3/2 b 2 - x l Hence < , 1F is the smallest interval, such that

r 1
r /2
= #0 2
dx
cos3/2 b 2 - x l + sin3/2 b 2 - x l
r r
I!< , 1F.
1
2
Note: If m = least value of f ]xg and M = greatest
#0
r /2
cos3/2 x dx
= ...(ii)
sin3/2 x + cos3/2 x
1dx = 2 5x?r0 /2 = 4 . value of f ]xg in 6a, b@, then
r /2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get I = 12 #0 1 r

1 ]1 - cos 2xg m ]b - ag # #a f ]xg dx # M ]b - ag.

r /2 r/2 b
40. #- r/2 2 dx = 2 #
0
sin x dx

= 2 5- cos x?r0 /2 = 2 ;- cos b 2 l + cos 0E = 2. f ^ x/ch dx

r 1 #ac
bc
47. I= c
x
Put c = t & dx = c dt
41. Since f ]- ig = log b 2 + sin i l =- log b 2 + sin i l =- f ]ig
-1
2 - sin i 2 - sin i

` f ]xg is an odd function of x.

and x = bc & t = b

Therefore, # log b 2 + sin i l di = 0. f ] t g dt = f ]xg dx.

r /2 2 - sin i
#a #a
b b
- r /2
x = ac & t = a then, I =

#1 f ]xg dx = #1 ]4x + 3gdx + #2 ]3x + 5gdx #-1/2 ]cos xg;log b 11 +- xx lEdx

4 2 4
42. 48. I=
1/2
...(i)
2 4
= 2x2 + 3x 12 + 32x + 5x = 37. #-1/2 cos ]- xg;log b 11 +- xx lEdx
1/2
2
`I=

43. log ]1 + tan igdi & I = log &1 + tan b 4 - i l0 di

r /4 r /4
r
cos x ;log b 1 + x lE dx
I= #0 #0 & I =- #
1/2
1-x
...(ii)
-1/2

log b1 + 1 + tan i l di
r /4 1 - tan i
&I= #0 Adding (i) and (ii), we get

log ]1 + tan igdi #-1/2 cos x;log b 11 -+ xx lEdx - #-1/2 cos x;log b 11 -+ xx lEdx
r /4 r /4
&I= #0 log 2di - #0 2I =
1/2 1/2

1 r /4 log 2 r
&I= 2 #0 log 2di = 2 i
r /4
= 8 log 2.
0 or 2I = 0 or I = 0.
sin 2i sin ]2r - 2ig
#0 #0
2r 2r

a - b cos ]2r - ig
44. I= di = di 49. #0
1 dx
= #0
r /2
cos idi r
= 4,
a - b cos i sin i + cos i
x + 1 - x2
sin 2i
& I =- #
2r
di (Put x = sin i , dx = cos i di) .
0 a - b cos i

#0
2r sin 2i 50. It is a fundamental property
& 2I = 0 & di = 0.
a - b cos i

#-1 ]1 - xgdx = ;x - x2 E-1 = 2.

2 1
45. Put 1 - x = t & - dx = dt. #-1
1 1
51. 1 - x dx =

Also as x = 0 to 1, t = 1 to 0 52. x - 5x? is a periodic function with period 1.

Therefore, #0 f ]1 - xgdx = #0 f ] t g]- dtg = #0 f ] t g dt = #0 f ]xg dx.

#0 n " x - 5x?, dx = n #0 ^ x - 5x?h dx
1 0 1 1
1
`

#0
1 dx
5x?dxD = n <b x l - 0F = n .
46. Let I =
= n : # x dx -
2 1
#0
1 1
1 + x4 0 2 2 0
Here, 0 # x # 1 & 1 # ^1 + x 4h # 2

1 1
& 1 # 1 + x4 # 2 & # #1
2 1 + x4
2.8 Mathematics

#0 r x sin3 x dx sin b x - 4 l dx
r /2
r
53. Let I = ...(i) 57. Let I = #0
Also I = #0 r ]r - xg sin3 x dx ...(ii) r r r
x - 4 is - ve when x # 4 and + ve when x > 4

Adding (i) and (ii), we get sin b x - 4 l dx + sin b x - 4 l dx = 2 - 2 .

r /4 r /2
r r
=- # #r/4
0

0
r
2I = r # sin3 x dx = 4
r
#0 r !3 sin x - sin 3x + dx 58. #0
1.5
6x2@ dx = #0
1
6x2@ dx + #1
2
6x2@ dx + #2
1. 5
6x2@ dx

= 4 :- 3 cos x + 3 D = 4 :3 - 3 + 3 - 3 D = 3
r cos 3x r r 1 1 4r 2
#1 #2
1. 5
0 = 0+ 1dx + 2dx = 2 - 1 + 3 - 2 2 = 2 - 2 .
2r
Hence, I = 3 . 59. Let f ]xg = #0 r esin x cos3 ]2n + 1gx.dx
2

#-2 #-2 #-1 Since cos ]2n + 1g]r - xg = cos 6]2n + 1gr - 2 ]2n + 1gx@
2 -1 1
54. 1 - x2 dx = 1 - x2 dx + 1 - x2 dx

+ # 1 - x2 dx =- cos ]2n + 1gx and sin2 ]r - xg = sin2 x

2

=- # ^1 - x2h dx + #-1 ^1 - x2hdx - #1 ^1 - x2h dx Hence by the property of definite integral,

-1 1 2

-2

4 4 4 #0 r esin x cos3 ]2n + 1gx dx = 0 , 6 f]2a - xg =- f]xg@.

2

= 3 + 3 + 3 = 4.
#1/ee #1/e - log x dx + #1 e log xdx
1
60. log x dx =
r /2 cos x
55. Let I = #0 dx ...(i)
= 6x - x log x@1/e + 6x log x - x@1
sin x + cos x 1 e

cos b 2 - x l
r
= ]1 - 0g - & e - e ]- 1g0 + e - e + 1 = 2 - e = 2 b1 - e l .
r /2
and I = #0 dx 1 1 2 1
sin b 2 - x l + cos b 2 - x l
r r

" x - 5sin x?, dx = 5sin x?dx

r /2 r /2 r /2
61. #0 #0 xdx - #0
r /2 sin x
I= #0 dx ...(ii)
= b x2 l 5sin x?dx = 0E .
cos x + sin x
= 8 , ;a
2 r /2
r2 #0
r /2

Adding (i) and (ii), we get 0

#0 x ]1 - xgn dx
1
62. I=
]1 g dx = r & I = r .
r /2
2I = #0 2 4
#0 - x ]1 - xgn dx = #0 ]1 - x - 1g]1 - xgn dx
1 1
r /2
-I =
#0 x sin x cos x
56. I= dx ...(i)
cos 4 x + sin 4 x
#0 ]1 - xgn + 1 dx - #0 ]1 - xgn dx
1 1
=
b r - x l cos x sin x
]1 - xgn + 2 1 ]1 - xgn + 1 1
r /2 2
= #0 ...(ii)
=< F -< F = 1 - 1
- ]n + 2g 0 - ]n + 1g 0 n + 2 n + 1
sin 4 x + cos 4 x
By adding (i) and (ii), we get 1 1
& I = n+1 - n+2.
r /2
r #0 cos x sin x
2I = 2 dx r + ^r/6 h r + ^r/2 h
#r 52 sin x?dx = #r ]- 1g dx + #r + r/6 ]- 2g dx
2r
cos 4 x + sin 4 x 63.
^ h
r/2 2
r #0 tan x sec x
&I= 4 dx r + ^r/2 h + ^r/3 h
+# ]- 2g dx + #r + r/2 + r/3 ]- 1gdx
2r
1 + tan 4 x
r + ^r/2 h ^ h ^ h
Now, put tan2 x = t , we get
=- 6 - 2 : 2 - 6 D - 2 : 3 D - 1 : 2 - 3 D
r r r r r r

#0 3 1 +dt t2 = r8 6tan-1 t@30 = 16

2
r r
I= 8 .
r 2r 2r r r 8r r 10r 5r
=- 6 - 3 - 3 - 6 =- 6 - 6 - 6 =- 6 =- 3 .
 Definite Integration 2.9

64. Consider the function g ]ag = f ]xgdx

n
#a
a+T
1 r
log P = lim / n log n
n $ 3r = 1

#a f ]xgdx + #0 f ]xgdx + #T f ]xgdx log xdx = ^ x log x - xh0 = ]- 1g & P = e .

0 T a+T
= #0
1 1 1
log P =

Putting x - T = y in last integral, we get lim : n + n + 1 + n + 2 + ... + 2n D

1 1 1 1
69.
n$3

#T f ]xg dx = #0 a f]xgdx
a+T

= lim : n + n + 1 + n + 2 + ... + n + n D
1 1 1 1
n$3

& g ]ag = #a f ]xgdx + #0 f ]xgdx + #0 a f]xgdx = #0 f ]xgdx

0 T T
1 1 1
= n lim >1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + ... + 1 + n H
1
Hence g ]ag is independent of a. n n n
n$3

1
= n lim / > 1 + r H =
n
1 #0
1 1
#0 r xf^cos2 x + tan4 xhdx = k #0 f ^cos2 x + tan 4 xh dx
r /2
65. n $ 3r = 0 n 1 + x dx

= 6log e ]1 + xg@0 = log e 2 - log e 1 = log e 2.

1
By the property of definite integral
bkl
I= #0 r xf^cos2 x + tan4 xhdx ...(i) 70. Let I = lim /
n
k
= lim /
n
1 n
n $ 3k = 1 n2 + k2 n $ 3k = 1 n 1 + b k l2
#0 r ]r - xgf^cos2 x + tan4 xhdx
n
= ...(ii)
1

dx = 2 7log ^1 + x2hA0 = 2 6log 2@.

# x 1 1 1
Adding (i) and (ii), we have I=
0
1 + x2

2I = r # f ^cos2 x + tan 4 xh dx
r

0 71. Let F1 ]xg = y1 = #2 x ]2t - 5gdt and F2 ]xg = y2 = #0 x 2tdt

f ^cos2 x + tan 4 xh dx
r /2
& 2 I = 2r # Now point of intersection means those point at which
0

y1 = y2 = y & y1 = x2 - 5x + 6 and y2 = x2 .
f ^cos2 x + tan 4 xh dx
r /2
&I=r#
0
6
On solving, we get x2 = x2 - 5x + 6 & x = 5 and
On comparing with given integral, we get k = r.

y = x2 = 25 . Thus point of intersection is b 5 , 25 l .

36 6 36
#-3
3 x2 sin x
66. dx = 0. By the property of definite
1 + x6 3 2
72. #0 3 ^ xx2 +dx4h2 = 12 #0 3 ^xx22+xdx 1 3
2 dx = 2 #
t
]t + 4g2
f ]xg dx = 0 , when f ]xg =- f ]- xg. h
dt ,
integral, #-a a
4 0

[Putting x2 = t ]
#a xf ]xg dx = #a ]a + b - xgf ]a + b - xgdx
b b
67. Since I =
= 2 # ;t + 4 - ] E = 1 :log ]t + 4g + t +4 4 D
1 3 1 4 3

t + 4g2 dt 2
]a + bgf ]xg dx - xf ]xg dx
0 0
#a #a
b b
&I=
= 2 6log 3 + 0 - ^log 4 + 1h@ = 3.
1
"a f ]a + b - cg = f ]xg given , 73. Here the power is even, so from formula

& 2I ]a + bg = #a
b
f ]xgdx
r /2 ]2m - 1g ]2m - 3g 3 1 r
#0 2m $ ]2m - 2g ... 4 . 2 . 2
sin2m xdx =

xf ]xg dx = f ]xg dx. 2m. ]2m - 1g]2m - 2g ...3.2.1. 2

#a
b a+b #a
b r
&I= 2
62m. ]2m - 2g]2m - 4g ...4.2@2
=
Summation of series, gamma function, Leibneitz rule
(Multiplying the numerator and the denominator by
68. Let P = lim b n n l = lim b n . n . n . n ..... n l ]2mg!
n ! 1/ n 1 2 3 4 n 1/n
2m ]2m - 2g...4.2h = r
62 .m ]m - 1g]m - 2g...2.1@2 2
x$3 n$3
m

` log P = n lim b log n + log n + ... + log n l ]2mg ! r

1 1 2 n
^2 m .m!h2 2
n$3 = .
2.10 Mathematics
r /2 C ]3 g C ^1/2h 8 F ] xg = #x
x3
74. #0 sin5 xdx =
2.C ^7/2h
= 15 . 78. 2
log t dt

Applying Leibnitz’s theorem,

75. I= #0 3 ]1 + xxdx
g^1 + x2h
F' ]xg = log x3 . dx x3 - log x2 . dx x2
d d
Put x = tan i , we get
= 3 log x.3x2 - 2 log x.2x = ^9x2 - 4xh log x.
r /2 r /2
#0 tan i #0 sin i r
I= di = di = 4 .
1 + tan i cos i + sin i r /2 r /2
79. I= #- r/2 sin4 x cos6 xdx = 2 #0 sin 4 x cos6 x.dx
z' ]xg = sin x dx x - sin 2 dx b x l
d 1 d 1
76.
#-aa f]xgdx = 2 #0 a f]xgdx , if f ]- xg = f ]xg
x
a
1 1 1
= sin x. + 2 sin 2
2 x x x = 0 , if f ]- xg =- f ]xg
& z' ]1 g = 2 sin 1 + sin 1 = 2 sin 1.
1 3 2C5/2.C7/2
Applying Gamma function, we get I = 2C6

77. Given f ] t g = #-tt 1 +dxx2 = 6tan-1 x@t-t = 2 tan-1 t =

3/2.1/2. r .5/2.3/2.1/2. r 3r 3r
= 8 = 256 .
5.4.3.2.1 2

b1 x + 1 l
Differentiating with respect to 1
xdx - 2 dx 2 2
80. #0 3

]1 + xg^1 + x2h
= #0 3
]1 + xg +
#0 3
dx
t, f' ] t g =
2 1 + x2
1 + t2
= : 2 log ]1 + xgD + 2 # 2 7log ^1 + x2hA0 + 2 6tan -1 x@30
3
-1 1 1 3 1
& f' ]1 g = 2 = 1.
2 0

= 0 + 0 + 2 : 2 - 0D = 4 .
1 r r

EXERCISE - 2

z ]xg dx = c 1x -
Fundamental definite integration, definite integration x3 m
#1 #1
2 2
& dx 4
x +1
by substitution
= 6log x@1 - : 4 log ^ x 4 + 1hD = 4 log 17 .
2
1 1 32
^ 1 + x + x hdx
2

1. #0
1 dx #0
1 1
^ 1 + x - x h^ 1 + x + x h
I= =
1+x- x
2 x - 1 1/ 2
^ 1 + x + xh 5. = >sin -1 f 2 pH
1/2 1/2
#1/4 dx #1/4 dx
4 2 =
#0 #0 #0
1 1 1
x - x2 b 1 l - bx - 1 l
2 2
= 1 + x - x dx = 1 + x dx + x dx = 3 . 1/2
2 2 1/ 4

= 6sin -1 ]2x - 1g@1/4 = r/6.

r /4 r /4
sin 2i di 2 sin i cos idi
4# =4#
1/2
2.
0sin 4 i + cos 4 i 0 sin 4 i + cos 4 i
1
r /4 2
2 tan i sec idi 6. Put x = t or dx = 2 dt
=4# x
0 tan 4 i + 1
Also, as x = 0 to 2 so, t = 0 to 2
{Divinding numerator and denominator by cos 4 i }
3 t dt = 2 < log
3t F
x 2
#0 3 2
dx = 2 #
2
Therefore,
Now put tan i = t & 2 tan i sec idi = dt , then
2 2
x 0 3 0

= log 3 ^3 2 - 1h .
2
the reduced form is

= 4 6tan -1 t@10 = 4 : 4 r - 0D = r.
dt 1
4#
1
7. Divide N r and D r by cos 4 x s
0 t2 + 1
e x ] x - 1g 1 e x ] x + 1 - 2g
sec2 x sec2 x dx
#0
r /4
`I=
#0 3 dx = #
1

] x + 1g ]x + 1g3
3. dx 1 - tan2 x + tan 4 x
0
Put tan x = t and sec2 xdx = dt and adjust the
3 dx = <
ex F
1
^1 + t2h
#0 ex ex e
dx - 2 #
1 1

]x + 1g2 0 ] x + 1g ]x + 1g2 0 4
= - 1.
#0
1
limits, we get I = dt
t - t2 + 1
4

Here z ]xg =
3
1 1 x
4. = :tan -1 t - 1 D1 = tan -1 ]0g - tan -1 ]- 3g = r .
2
x ^ x 4 + 1h x x 4 + 1
= -
t 0 2
 Definite Integration 2.11

1 + t = 6log t - log
#1 dt #1 dt #1 dt ]1 + tg@12
2 2 2
#0 #0
2 2
sin x cos x
8. We have I = t ]1 + tg
sin -1 t dt + cos -1 t dt = = t -

Putting t = sin2 u in the first integral and t = cos2 v 4

= log e 2 - log e 3 + log e 2 = log e 3 .

in the second integral, we have #0 x4 + 1 #0 x4 - 1 dx

dx + 2 #
1 1 1
13. I= dx =
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 0 1+x
2

I= #0 x u sin 2u du - #r/x2 v sin 2v dv &I= #0

1
^ x2 - 1h dx + 2 #0
1 dx
1 + x2
2 r ]3r - 4g
r/2
= #0 u sin 2udu + #r/x2 u sin 2udu - #r/x2 v sin 2v dv & I = ; x3 - xE + 2 6tan -1 x@10 =- 3 + 2 =
3 1
.
0 6
u sin 2udu = b
r /2
- u cos 2u lr/2 1 r /2
I= #0 +2 #0 cos 2u du
#1 ]x - 1g]x - 2g]x - 3gdx.
3
2 0 14. I=
- u cos 2u lr/2 1 ]sin 2ugr/2 r
=b 2 +4 0 = 4. I= #1
3
^ x3 - 6x2 + 11x - 6h dx = ; x - 6x + 11x - 6xE = 0.
4 3 2 3

0 4 3 2 1

af ]xg + bf b x l = x - 5 (for each x ! 0) :x - 1 - x Ddx

1 1 dx dx 1 1
#2 #2 #2
3 3 3
9. ...(i)
x ] x - 1g
15. I= 2= =
x -x

x dx = 6log ]x - 1g@2 - 6log x@2

1 1 1
#2 #2
3 3
Replacing x by x in (i), we get
]x - 1g dx -
3 3
=

af b x l + bf ]xg = x - 5 Eliminating f b x l from (i) = 6log 2 - log 1@ - 6log 3 - log 2@ = 2 log 2 - log 3 = log 3 .
1 1 4

and (ii), we get ^a2 - b2h f ]xg = x - bx - 5a + 5b

a dx
#8
15
16.
] x - 3g x + 1
I=

& ^a2 - b2h # f ]xg dx = ;b a log x - 2 x2 - 5 ]a - bg x lE

2
2 b Put x = tan2 i & i = tan -1 x
1 1

= a log 2 - 2b - 10 ]a - bg - a log 1 + 2 + 5 ]a - bg dx = 2 tan i sec2 idi

b

7 #tan
tan -1 15
2 tan i sec2 i
`I= di
= a log 2 - 5a + 2 b -1
8 ^tan2 i - 3h tan2 i + 1

f ]xg dx =
#1
2 1 :a log 2 - 5a + 7 bD #tan
tan -1 15
2 tan i sec2 i
^sec2 i - 4h sec i
& = di
a - b2
2 2 . -1
8

^sec2 i - 1h tan n - 2 idi

-1
r /4
#tan
tan 15
2 tan i sec i
10. In = #0 = -1
8 ^sec2 i - 4h
di

tan -1 15
r /4 r /2
#tan 2 tan i sec i
In = #0 sec2 i tan n - 2 idi - #0 tan n - 2 idi = -1
8 ]sec i - 2g]sec i + 2g
di

]sec i - 2g tan
In = ; tan iE
-1

= < 2 log F
n-1 r /4 15
1 1
n - 1 0 - In - 2 & In + In - 2 = n - 1 ]sec i + 2g tan -1
8

= 2 :log 6 - log 5 D = 2 log 3 .

1 1 1 2 1 1 5
Hence I8 + I6 = 8 - 1 = 7 .

sec x log ]sec x + tan xgdx #0 r

r /4
11. I= #0 17. I= sin3 i di

Put log ]sec x + tan xg = t & sec xdx = dt Since sin i is positive in interval ^0, r h

log^ 2 + 1 h log^ 2 + 1 h 7log ^ 2 + 1 hA #0 r sin3 idi = #0 r sin i^1 - cos2 ihdi

2

t dt = ; t2 E
2
`I=
&I= #0 0
= 2 .

12. Put 1 + tan x = t & sec2 x dx = dt = #0 r sin idi + #0 r ]- sin ig cos2 idi
= 5- cos i?r0 + b cos3 i l = 3 .
#0
r /4
sec2 x 3 r
4
` ]1 + tan xg]2 + tan xg dx 0
2.12 Mathematics

sin b2 tan -1
#0 1+x l r /8 r /8
#0 #0
1
18. 1 - x dx 23. Let I = cos3 4idi = cos2 4i. cos 4idi

Put x = cos i, then sin ;2 tan -1

1 + cos i E ^1 - sin2 4ih cos 4idi
r /8

1 - cos i
I= #0

= sin ;2 tan -1 b cot 2 lE

i dt
Put sin 4i = t & cos 4idi = 4

r
= sin ;2 tan -1 ;tan b 2 - 2 lEE = sin ;2 b 2 - 2 lE
r i r i When i = 0 $ 8 , then t = 0 $ 1

= sin ]r - ig = sin i = 1 - cos2 i = 1 - x2 ^1 - t2h dt = 1 ;t - t E = 1 .

3 1
1 #0
1
`I= 4 4 3 0 6

sin b2 tan -1
1+x l #3 2 - 3x
8
#0 #0 24. We have
1 1
Now, 1 - x2 dx dx = I
1 - x dx = x 1+x
Put 1 + x = t2 & dx = 2t dt
= : 2 x 1 - x2 D + 2 6sin -1 x@10 = 4 .
1
1 1 r
0

3x + 1 3 2x dx When x = 3 $ 8 , then t = 2 $ 3
#0 #0 #0
3 3 3
19. dx = 2 dx +
x2 + 9 x2 + 9 x2 + 9
dt ; I = 2 # c 2 - 3 m dt
5 - 3t2 2
`I=2#
3 3

= ; 2 log ^ x2 + 9h + 3 tan -1 b 3 lE
3
3 1 x 2
2
t -1 2 t - 1
0
I = 2 : 2.1 log t + 1 - 3tD ; I = 2 log c 3 m .
2 t-1 3
3
= 2 ^log 18 - log 9 h + 3 b 4 l
3 1 r 2 2e

#0 x2 e x dx & I = 6x2 .e x@10 - #0

1 1
25. We have, I =
= 2 log 2 + 12 = log ^2 2 h + 12 .
3 r r 2x.e x dx

& I = e - 2 6xe x - e x@10 & I = e - 2 6e - e - ]0 - 1g@

#1
2 dx #1
2 x -5 dx
20.
x ^1 + x 4h
=
c1 + 4 m
1
x & I = e - 2.

Put c1 +
1
m = z & -4 dx = dz 26. We have, ^1 + x2h > x2 , 6x ; 1 + x2 > x , 6x ! ^1, 2h
x4 x5
< x , 6x ! ^1, 2h &
1 1 #1
2 dx #1
2 dx
dz : - 1
z = 4 log zD2 = 4 log 2 - 4 log 16
-1 17/16 17/16
1 1 17 & <
& 4 #2 1 + x2 1 + x2 x

& I1 < I2 & I2 > I1 .

& I = 4 log b 17 l .
1 32
27. On integrating both functions, we get
c m dx
x+1 A B C
#2 #2
3 3

x 2 ] x - 1g
21. I= dx = + +
x2 x x - 1
= 2 log ^1 + t2h 1/e + &log t - 2 log ^1 + t2h0
cot x
1 tan x 1
A ]x - 1g + B ]xg]x - 1g + C ^ x2h = x + 1 1/e

= 2 ;logsec2 x - log c1 + 2 mE + logcot x - log b e l

1 1 1
Put x = 0, 1, - 1, we get A =- 1, B =- 2, C = 2 e
3 dx 3 dx 3 dx
& I =- # 2 - 2 # x + 2 # x - 1 - 2 'log ^cosec2 xh - log c1 + 2 m1 =- log b e l = log e = 1.
1 1 1
2 x 2 2 e

& I = : x D - 2 6log x@2 + 2 6log ]x - 1g@2

3
1 3 3 3r / 4
dx
2 28. #r/4 1 + cos x
1 1 3 16 1
& I = 3 - 2 - 2 log 2 + 2 log 2 & I = log 9 - 6 . 3r / 4
1 - cos x 3r/4
1 - cos x
#r/4 1 - cos2 x
dx = #r/4 sin2 x
dx
r /2 ]sin x + cos xg2 r /2 ]sin x + cos xg2
22. I= #0 dx = #0 ]sin x + cos xg2 ^cosec2 x - cot x cosec xh dx
dx 3r / 4
1 + sin 2x = #r/4
]sin x + cos xgdx = ]- cos x + sin xgr0 /2
r /2
I= #0 = ]- cot x + cosecgr/4 = 2.
3 r /4

I = 1 - ]- 1g = 2.
 Definite Integration 2.13
1 ]- 1g ]- 1g
=- 2 ;& m + n - m - n 0 - & m + n - m - n 0E
#1 dx m-n
2
e m+n
1 1
x ]1 + ln xg2
29. I=

Let ]1 + ln xg = t & dt = x dx
1 Since n - m is odd, therefore n + m must be odd,
so ]- 1gm + n = ]- 1gm - n =- 1.
Now, when x = 1 $ e2, then t = 1 $ 3
Also, since m ! n , m + n ! 0 , m - n ! 0
=- : 3 - 1D = 3 .
#1
3 dt : - 1 D3 1 2
`I= = t
t2 1
1 1 m+n-m-n 2n
` I = m+n - m-n = = 2 .
cosec2 xdx = 5- cot x? =- :cot 2 - cot 4 D = 1.
r /2
r r m2 - n2 n - m2
30. #r/4 r/2
r/4

#-2 ^ px2 + shdx + q #-2 xdx

2 2
37. Given integral I =
31. #log 2 ^ u du h1/2 = r6
x

I = 2 # ^ px2 + s hdx + 0 = 3 ^4p + 3sh

e -1 2 4
ex - 1
#1 2t dt r 0
& = 6 as e u - 1 = t2
1 + t2 t Thus, to find the numerical value of I, it is necessary
& 2 ^tan -1 th1 e - 1 = 6 & tan -1 e x - 1 - 4 = 12
r x
r r
to know the value of p and s.
r
& e - 1 = tan 3 & e x - 1 = 3 & e x = 4.
x

#0 r ]1 - cos 2xg dx + #r ]1 - cos 2xg dx + ...

2r
38. I=
6 f {g ]xg}@ f' 6g ]xg@g' ]xgdx
-1
#1
2
32. I=
#]r -rr1gr ]1 - cos 2xg dx + ... + #99r ]1 - cos 2xg dx
100r
... +
Let f " g ]xg, = z & f' " g ]xg, g' ]xg dx = dz
#0 na f]xgdx = n #0 a f]xgdx , if f ]a + xg = f ]xg
When x = 1, z = f " g ]1 g,
a

When x = 2, z = f " g ]2 g, ` I = 100 #

r
]1 - cos 2xg dx
f " g]2 g,
0
1 f " g]2 g,
`I= #f"g]1g, z dz = log z f " g]1 g, r /2
I = 100 2 #0 r sin xdx = 200 2 #0 sin x dx
& I = log f " g ]2 g, - log f " g ]1 g, = 0 , ^a g ]2 g = g ]1 gh .
= 200 2 5- cos x?r0 /2 = 200 2 .
Properties of definite integration

39. If f ]xg = log b 1 - x l, then f ]- xg = log b 11 -

+ x =- f ]xg
xl
1+x
r /2
1 r /2 cos x r
33. #0 dx = #0 dx = 4 .
1 + tan x cos x + sin x
#-1 log b 11 +- xx ldx = 0.
1
Therefore,

#-1
1 sin x - x2 #-1
1 sin x #-1
1 x2
^3 - f ]xghdx = 7 & 6 - f ]xgdx = 7
34. I= dx = dx - dx
#2 #2
4 4
3- x 3- x 3- x 40. We have

Here, f ]xg =
sin x
f ]xg dx =- 1.
is an odd function but
#2
4
3- x &

f ] xg =
x2
f ]xgdx =- # f ]xgdx =-: #-1 f ]xgdx + f ]xgdxD
is an even function #2
-1 2 4
#4
2
3- x Now,
-1
x2 x2 1 - x2
` I =- # dx =- 2 # dx = 2 #
=- : #- f ]xg dx - f ]xg dxD =- ]4 + 1g =- 5.
1 1
dx.
#2
4 4
-1 3- x 0 3- x 0 3- x

35. Since f ]xg = sin x is an odd function, therefore

1

41. We know that if f ] t g is an odd function, then

11

#-1 sin11 x dx = 0.
1

#0 x f] t g dt is an even function. Since the function

36.
1 #0 r 6sin ]m + ngx - sin ]m - ngx@dx
here f ]xg = log 1 + x is an odd function, therefore
I= 2 1-x

1 cos ]m + ng cos ]m - ngx Dr

=- 2 : m + n x - m-n F ]xg is an even function.
0
2.14 Mathematics

x2 5x?dx = x2 ]0g dx + x2 ]1 g dx = 0 ; x3 E = 3 .
r /2 r /2
cos x 3 2
42. #- r/2 1cos x
dx = #
cos x
x dx + # dx ....(i) 7
0
#0 #0 #1
2 1 2
I=
+ ex - r /2 1 + e 0 1 + ex 47.
1

#- r/2 1cos xf ]xg dx = ]2 - xg f ]2 - xg dx ,

0 x
#0.5 #0.5
1. 5 1. 5
Putting x =- t in dx, we get 48. I=
+ ex

:a f ]xg dx = f ]a + b - xgdxD
#- r/2 1cos x r /2
e x cos x
dx = # #a #a
0 b b
I= dx
+ ex 0 1 + ex
e x cos x ]2 - xgf ]xg dx = 2 # f ]xg dx - I
r /2 r /2
#0 #0 cos x #0.5
1. 5 1. 5
I= dx + dx =
1 + ex 1 + ex 0. 5

^1 + e xh cos x dx
cos xdx = 5sin x?r0 /2 = 1. #0.5 f ]xg dx.
r /2 r /2 1. 5
= #0 ^1 + e xh
= #0 &I=

43. Let f ]xg = 1 + x + x2 - 1 - x + x2 . eb 2 - x l dx

2
2 r

#0
r /2
e x dx #0
r /2
49. I= and I =
e x + eb 2 - x l eb 2 - x l + e x
2 2
r r

Then f ]- xg = 1 - x + x - 1 + x + x =- f ]xg
2 2

2 2

:a #0 a f]xgdx = #0 a f]a - xgdxD

Hence f ]xg is an odd function and so #-1 f ]xg dx = 0.
1

1dx = ]xgr0 /2 & I = 4 .

r /2
#0 r
& 2I =
log b 4 + 3 cos x l dx.
r /2
4 + 3 sin x
44. Let I = #0
50. #1 6 x - 3 @ dx & I = #1 6- ]x - 3g@ dx + #3 6]x - 3g@ dx
5 3 5
I=

log b 4 + 3 sin x l dx,

r /2
4 + 3 cos x
Then, I = #0 &I= #1
2
6- ]x - 3g@ dx + #2
3
6- ]x - 3g@ dx + #3
4
5x - 3?dx + #4
5
5x - 3?dx

;a f ]xg dx = f b 2 - x l dxE dx = 5x?12 + 5x?54

r /2 r /2
r
#0 #0 &I= #1
2
dx + #2
3
0dx + #3
4
0 dx + #4
5

log b 4 + 3 cos x l dx =- I
4 + 3 sin x & I = ]2 - 1g + ]5 - 4g = 2.
r /2
& I =- #
0

x dx =- ; x2 E + ; x2 E
2 0 2 2
#-2 x dx =- # x dx + #0
2 0 2
& 2I = 0 & I = 0. 51. I=
-2 -2 0

x + ] x - 1g =- ]- 2g + ]2 g = 4.
tan -1 c m dx = tan -1 c m dx
2x - 1
#0 #0
1 1
45.
1 - x ] x - 1g
I=
1 + x - x2
52. Given f ]- xg =- f ]xg
#0 ^tan -1 x + tan -1 ]x - 1gh dx
1
I=
#-aa f]xgdx = 0 = #-a f ]xg dx + #0 a f]xgdx
0
We knowthat,
#0 #0 tan ]x - 1g dx
1 1
-1 -1
I= tan x dx +
#-1 f ]xg dx + #0 f ]xg dx = 0 & #-1 f ]xg dx =- 5
0 1 0
&
#0 #0 tan ]1 - x - 1gdx ,
1 1
-1 -1
I= tan x dx +
#-1 f ] t g dt =- 5.
0
&
#0 f ]xg dx = #0 f ]a - xgdx in second
a a
{Using
53. I1 = #a r - a xf]sin xgdx = #a r - a ]r - xgf^sin ]r - xghdx,
integral}
#0 #0 tan -1 ]- xg dx :a #a f ]xg dx = #a f ]a + b - xgdxD
1 1 b b
I= tan -1 x dx +

#0 #0 #a r - a ]r - xgf]sin xgdx = #a r - a rf]sin xgdx - I1

1 1
I= tan -1 x dx - tan -1 x dx = 0. =

#0
2r
46. Let I = cos99 x dx. 2
& 2I1 = rI2 & I2 = r I1 .

Then I = 2 # cos99 x dx, "a cos99 ]2r - xg = cos99 x , #-1/2 cos x ln b 11 +- xx ldx
r 1/2
0 54. I=

Now, #0 r cos99 x dx = 0, "a cos99 ]r - xg =- cos99 x ,

cos x ln b 1 - x l is an odd function,
1+x

^a f ]- xg =- f ]xgh ` I = 0.
` I = 2 # 0 = 0.
 Definite Integration 2.15

#e log e x
#e log e x
#1 log e x
#-1/2 5x?dx + 0
e 2
1 e 2
1/2
55. = + (being integral of odd funtion)
-1
x dx -1
x dx x dx `I=

0 dx =- ]xg0-1/2 = 2 .
log x log x 1/2
-1
#e #1 #-1 - zdz + #0 #-1/2 - 1dx + #0
1 e2 0 2 0
= -1
- x dx + x dx = zdz , =

(Putting log e x = z & ^1/xh dx = dz) 63. Since log b 1 - x l is an odd function
1+x

= ; -2z E + ; z2 E = 2 + 2 = 2 .
2 0 2 2
1 5
#-2 ' p log b 11 +- xx l + q log b 11 -+ xx l + r 1 dx
2 -2
-1 0 `

#-2 f ]xg dx = #-2 f ]xg dx + #2 f ]xg dx

3 2 3
56. = r # dx = 4r. Hence depends on the value of r.
2

-2

ae cosx
sin x is an odd function Summation of series, gamma function, Leibneitz rule

y = lim < n + F
1 1 1
n + ]n - 1gn
64. + ... +
#-2 f ]xg dx = #-2 e #2 2 dx = 0 + 2 ]3 - 2g = 2.
3 2 3 2 2
` cosx
sin xdx + n$3 n +n

57. Let z ]xg = 6 f ]xg + f ]- xg@6g ]xg - g ]- xg@

1 1 1
& y = lim > n n 1 + 1 ]n - 1g H
+ + ... +
n$3 n n 1+ n
then, z ]- xg = 6 f ]- xg + f ]xg@6g ]- xg - g ]xg@
1 1
& y = n lim > ]n - 1g H
1 1+ + ... +
1
` #- rr z]xgdx = 0 & #- rr 6 f]xg + f]- xg@6g]xg - g]- xg@dx = 0 n$3 1+ n 1+ n
n
1 1
y = lim n /
]k - 1 g
58.
r /3
dx r /3 sin x
I= #r/6 = #r/6 dx ...(i) n$3
,
1 + cos x sin x + cos x k=1
1+ n
r /3 cos x
I= #r/6 dx ...(ii) k-1 1
Put n = x and n = dx
cos x + sin x
dx ; I = 2 b 3 - 6 l = 12 .
n-1
r /3
#r/6 1 r r r
Adding (i) and (ii), 2I = n

= lim 2 6 1 + x @0 n
dx b n-1 l
& y = lim #
n$3 1 + x n$3
59. I= #0 r esin x cos3 x dx
2 0

& y = 2 lim : n - 1D = 2 nlim

2n - 1 2n - 1
n -2
#0 sin2 ]r - xg
cos ]r - xgdx
r
&I= e 3
...(i) n$3 $3

1
& y = 2 lim 2 - n - 2 = 2 2 - 2.
& I =- # e sin x cos3 x dx
r
...(ii)
2
n$3
0

= lim / ; p + 1 E
n
1 p + 2 p + 3 p + ... + n p rp
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2I = 0 & I = 0. 65. lim p+1
n$3 n n $ 3r = 1 n

6 x + 2@dx = = lim n / b n l = x p dx = ; px + 1 E = p + 1 .
n p+1 1
1 r p #0 1
#0 #0 #1 #4
9 1 4 9 1
60. 2 dx + 3 dx + 4 dx
n$3 r=1 0

= 2 + ]12 - 3g + ]36 - 16g = 2 + 9 + 20 = 31. e x dx = 6e x@10 = e - 1.

n
1 r
lim / e n = #0
1
66.
n $ 3r = 1 n

6x2@ dx = 6x2@ dx + 6x2@ dx

2 2
#0 #0 #1
1

67. Let I ]b g = ]b g =
61. xb - 1 x b log x
I= #0 #0
1 1

log x dx & I' log x dx

dx = 5x?1 2 = 2 - 1. (If I ]ag = f ^ x, ah dx, then I' ]ag = f' ^ x, ah da,
2
#0 #1
1
#0 #0
b b
= 0 dx +

#-1/2 5x?dx + #-1/2 log b 11 +- xx ldx where f' ^ x, ah is derivative of f ^ x, ah w.r.t a

1/2 1/2
62. I=

If f ]xg = log b 1 - x l , then keeping x constant) I' ]b g =

1+x #0
1 1
x b dx = b + 1

f ]- xg = log b 1 + x l =- log b 1 - x l =- f ]xg

1-x 1+x & I ]b g = # db ]b + 1g + c
b + 1 + c = log
If b = 0 , then I ]b g = 0 , so c = 0 & I ]b g = log ]b + 1g.
2.16 Mathematics
d b -1 1 l 6 -1 ]xg@10 =- r . & F ]xg = dx ^ x3h - ^ x2h
d 1 d 1
#-1
1
68. dx tan x dx =- 2 tan 2 log x3 dx log x2
69. We have F ]xg = 3 sin x + 4 cos x = 3 log x - 2 log x = x ]x - 1g^log x h .
3x 2 2x -1

Since in : 4 , 3 D , F' ]xg < 0, so assume the least f' ]xg = e -]x + 1g .2x - e -]x g .2x = 2xe -]x + 1 + 2x g ^1 - e2x + 1h
5r 4r
76.
2 2 2 2 4 2 2

4r
value at the point x = 3 . & f' ]xg > 0 , 6x ! ^- 3, 0 h .

Thus, f b 3 l = ]3 sin u + 4 cos ugdu 77. We have f ]xg = #x

x4
4r 4r / 3
#5r/4 2
sin t dt

` f' ]xg = dx ^ x 4h^sin x 4 h - dx ^ x2h^sin x2 h

3 1 d d
= 2 -2 3 + .
2
70. #0 3 e-2x ]sin 2x + cos 2xgdx = 4x3 sin x2 - 2x sin x.

#0 f ]k - 1 + xgdx
1
78. Let I =
= :- e
cos 2x D3 ^- 2e hb - cos 2x l dx
-x
2 0- #0 3 -2x
2
#k - 1 f] t gdt,
k
1 &I=
+# e
3 -2 x
cos 2xdx = 2 .
0

#k - 1 f]xgdx
k

f" ]x + ag dx = 6 f' ]x + ag@

where t = k - 1 + x & I =
#0 = f' ]b - c + ag - f' ]ag .
b-c
71. b-6
0

/ #k - 1 f]xgdx = #0 1 f]xgdx + #1 2 f]xgdx + ... + #n -n1 f]xgdx

n k

F' ]xg = x > 06x ! :- 2 , 2 D

1 1 `
72. k=1

= #0 n f]xgdx.
Hence the function is increasing on :- 2 , 2 D and
1 1

79. Since sin 4 x + cos 4 x is a periodic function with

therefore F ]xg has maxima at the right end point of
a + ^r/2 h
r
period 2 , therefore #a ^sin 4 x + cos 4 xh dx
:- 1 , 1 D. & Max F ]xg = F b 1 l =
1/2

2 2 2 #1 t dt =- 3 .
8
^sin 4 x + cos 4 xh dx
r /2
= #0
#- r/2 sin x cos x]sin x + cos xgdx
r /2
73. 2 2

r /2 3C ^5/2h C ^1/2h 3r
=2# sin 4 x dx = = 8 .
2C b
4+0+2l
r /2 r /2
= #- r/2 sin x cos xdx + #- r/2 sin x cos xdx
3 2 2 3 0
2
r /2
2 4
= 0+2 # sin2 x cos3 xdx = 0 + 2 # 15 = 15 . r /2
6 1
C2C2
#0 x 16
sin 2 dx = 2 # sin tdt = 2.
0 r
80. 5 5
7 = 15 .
0
dx 2C 2
74. Putting x = tan i , we get #0 3

^ x + x2 + 1 h
3

f ]xg dx = xe log + f ] xg & f ]xg dx = + f ] xg

# 1
# x
#0
r /2
sec2 idi #0
r /2
cos i 81. x

]tan i + sec ig3 ]1 + sin ig3

= = di x
On differentiating both sides, we get f ]xg = 0 + f' ]xg
= <- ] 2F
r /2
1 1 1 3
2 1 + sin ig 0
=- 8 + 2 = 8 .
We know dx ^e xh = e x , ` f ]xg = ce x .
d
75. We know that dx b #a f ] t gdt l = dx f ]b g - dx f ]ag
d b
db da
r /2 C ^5/2h C ^7/2h
a and b are functions of x.
82. I= #0 sin 4 x cos6 x.dx & I =
2C ]6 g
,

(Applying gamma function)

` F ] xg = #x
x3 1
2 log t dt
3/2.1/2. r .5/2.3/2.1/2. r 3r
&I= 2.5.4.3.2.1 = 512 .
 Definite Integration 2.17

^ sin i cos i h di = 87. Put x = a sin i & dx = a cos di

r /2 r /2
83. #0 3
#0 sin3/2 i cos3 idi
r /2
Applying gamma function, Now #0 a x4 a2 - x2 dx = a6 #0 sin 4 i cos i cos idi
3
Cf 2 + 1 pCb 2 l Cb 2 lCb 2 l
3+1 5 3
r /2
r /2 2 #0 r
#0 sin3/2 i cos3 idi = 3
=a 6 4 2
sin i cos idi = a 6
2C4
= 32 a6 ,
2C f 2 + 3 + 2 p
2 (Using gamma function).

Cb 4 l
5 88. Put x = a ]1 - cos 2ig & dx = 2a sin 2idi
C ^5/4h C2 8
2C ^13/4h
= = = .
9 5 b 5 l 45
2. 4 . 4 .C 4 Therefore, #0 a x^2ax - x2h3/2 dx
84. I= #0 3 log b x + 1x l 1 +1 x2 dx = #0
r /4
2a5 ]1 - cos 2ig sin 4 2idi

Put x = tan i & dx = sec2 i di Now again, put 2i = z

log ]tan i + cot ig

#0
r /2
sec2 i
= a5 ; # sin 4 z cos zdzE = a5 : 16 - 5 D.
r /2 r /2
&I= di #0 3r 1
sin 4 zdz -
sec2 i 0

log ]tan i + cot igdi #0 a x2 ^a2 - x2h

r /2
#0
3/2
&I= 89. I= dx

r /2 ^1 + tan2 ih Put x = a sin i & dx = a cos idi

&I= #0 log
tan i
di
r /2

&I=2#
r /2
logsec idi - #0
r /2
logtan idi I= #0 a2 sin2 i.a3 cos3 i.a cos idi
0
3 5
logsec idi ; &a log tan i = 0 0
r /2 r /2 C 2 .C 2
&I=2# #0 =a 6
#0
r /2
2 4
sin i cos idi = a 6
0 8
2.C 2
r /2
& I =- 2 # logcos idi
0 1 3 1
. r. . . r ra 6
= a6 2 2.32.2.12
& I =- 2 # 2 log 2 , &a logcos i =- 2 log 2 0
-r r /2
r = 32 .
#0
& I = r log 2. d ]xg e sin x #1
4 3 sin x #1
4 3x2 sin x dx
90.
3 3

dx F = x & x e dx = e
x3

I = ;sin -1 c 2 mE = sin ]1 g - sin ]0 g =

1
2x r Put x3 = t & 3x2 dx = dt
85. -1 -1
2.
1+x 0
f' ]xg = 2 - x2 & x2 - 2 - x2 = 0 F] t g = # e sin t #1 t dt = F ]64g - F ]1 g,
e sin t
64
86. t dt &
or x 4 + x2 - 2 = 0 or ^ x2 + 2h^ x2 - 1h = 0 On comparing, k = 64.

` x2 - 1 = 0 , ` x = ! 1
2.18 Mathematics

EXERCISE - 3
Numerical Type r

3. # _8g]xg sin2 x - ^g]xgh2 idx = 8r.

1. We have f ]xg = ae2x + be x - cx
0
r r

& # 16 sin2 xdx - # (g]xg - 4 sin x) 2 dx = 8r

Now f ]0g =- 1 & a + b =- 1 ...(1) 0 0
r

f' ]ln 2g = 30 & 8a + 2b - c = 30 & 32 $ 2 $ 2 - # ^ g ]xg - 4 sin x h dx = 8r

1 r 2
...(2) r

& 8r - # ^ g ]xg - 4 sin x h dx = 8r

0 2
ln 4

and # ^ f ]xg + cx hdx = 24 0

0 & g ]xg = 4 sin x, max of g ]xg = 4 sin x is 4

ln 4

& # ^ae2x + be x hdx = 24 4. [Note : e denotes napier’s constant]

0
3 2

f ]xg dx = e $ 3 f ]xg dx = e $ e = 6.
2 # 2 # 6
& b a2e + be x l = 24
2x ln 4
e
0 -3 0

& ^8a + 4bh - b 2 + b l = 24

a

& 15a + 6b = 48 ...(3)

` On solving (1) , (2), (3), we get

a = 6 , b =- 7 , c = 4

Hence ^a + b + ch = 6 - 7 + 4 = 3. 5.
x
Put x - 1 = sec2 i
1

2. J= # ^1 - x50h100 x100 dx ` x = x sec2 i - sec2 i

0

1 sec2 i = ^sec2 i - 1h x
= b^1 - x50h100 101
x101 l1 - # 100^1 - x50h99 ^- 50x49h 101
101
x
dx
0
0
sec2 i 1
`x= =
1 tan2 i sin2 i
5000 # ^1 - x50h99 ^1 - ^1 - x50hhx100 dx
& f ^sec2 ih = sin2 i = g ]ig
= 0 + 101
0

1 1

= 101 f # ^1 - x50h99 x100 dx - # ^1 - x50h100 x100 dx p

r
5000 di
Now I = # 1 + 2 sin2 i
0 0 0
r /2
5000 5000 di
` J + 101 J = 101 I Using Queen I = 2 # 2 sin2 i + 1
0
5101 5000 I 5101 m
& 101 J = 101 I & J = 5000 = n r /2

# sec2 i di
`I=2
m - 1 - n 5101 - 1 - 5000 2 tan i + 1 + tan2 i
2
` 20 = 20 = 5. 0

Put tan i = t
3 3

# dt 2 dt
I=2 = #
0
3t 2 + 1 3 0 t 2 + 1
3
tan -1 d n = r / m
3
2 t r
=
3 1/ 3 0 3
` m = 3 & m2 = 3.
 Definite Integration 2.19
6. Given P ]2 + xg + P ]2 - xg = 2P ]2 g ...(i) 8.
x
=
1
#
1
4x2 - 2x + 9 4x + 9 - 2 10
x " x - 2 in (i) x

& P ]xg + P ]4 - xg = 2P ]2 g ...(ii) 'a 4x + 9 $ 12 , here x ! : 1 , 5D1

x 2
x " x + 1 in (i) 5 5
1'
x 4x2 - 2x + 9 1 dx + # x ' 9x2 - 2x + 4 1 dx
x x
& P ]x + 3g + P ]1 - xg = 2P ]2 g # 1 -
...(iii) I=
1/ 5 1 /5
1444444444442444444444443 144444444444424444444444443
` (ii) + (iii) I1 I2

20 = 4P ]2 g
5
1'
x 9x2 - 2x + 4 1 dx
-x
I2 = #
& P ]2 g = 5 1/5

Now differentiate (i) w.r.t. x, we get, 1 -1

Putting x = t & dx = 2 dt
t
P' ]2 + xg - P' ]2 - xg = 0 Z] _b
]] -1 bb
& P' ]2 + xg = P' ]2 - xg
1 /5 5

`b 2 dt = # 1t ' 2 1 dt
] t b1 -t
` I2 =- # [
t] 9 2
]] 2 - + 4 bb t 4t - 2t + 9
` P' ]xg is symmetric about x = 2 ]t t b
5 1 / 5
\ a
P' ]xg = 3x2 + 2a + 9 5
1 c'
x 4x2 - 2x + 9 1 + ' 4x2 - 2x + 9 1 m dx
x x
2a Now, I = # -
&- 6 = 2 1/5

& a =- 6 P ]2 g = 8 + 4a + 18 + b = 5
5

x dx {a ! x + + {- x} = 1
# 1
&I=
& 8 - 24 + 18 + b = 5 1/5

&b=3 when x g I)

` P ]xg = x3 - 6x2 + 9x + 3 ` I = ]ln xg15/5 = 2 ln 5 = p ln q + 3 tan -1 r

-6
& p = 2,q = 5, r = 0
I= # ^ x3 - 6x2 + 9x + 3h dx
+6
6 6 ` p+q+r = 7
= # ^6x 2
- 3h dx = 2 # ^6x 2
- 3h dx = 828 r
2

sin ]2nxg cot xdx

-6 0
1
& 207 # 828 = 4
9. Given, In = #
0
r
2

[sin ]2n + 2g x - sin ]2nxg] cot xdx

1

7. Let I = # f ]xg dx where Now, In + 1 - In = #

0
0

f ]xg = 6^2x3 - 3x2 - x + 1h@

r
1/3 2

= # ^cos ]2n + 2gx + cos ^2n (xhh dx

1 0

# f ]1 - xgdx ....(1) (Using King) sin ]2n + 2gx sin ]2nxg E 2

r
now I =
0
=; 2n + 2 + 2n = 0 & In + 1 = In
0
but f ]1 - xg = [2 ]1 - xg3 - 3 ]1 - xg2 - ]1 - xg + 1] 1/3
` In + 1 = In = In - 1 = ... = I1
(2)
=- f ]xg r r
2 2

hence from (1) , 2I = 0 & I = 0

Now, I1 = # sin 2x $ cot xdx = # 2 cos2 xdx
0 0
r
1 2 r

` I =- # f ]xg dx =- I & I = 0 # ]1 + cos 2xgdx = r + sin22x r

2
= 2 = 2.
0
0 0
9
2 2 9r
Hence r / 1 n = r # 2 = 9.
n=1
2.20 Mathematics
10 4 10
=- 3x3 - 3x2 + 3x@a-1
10. I= # f ]xg dx = # f ]xg dx + # f ]xg dx
& I ]ag =- 3 ^ x3 + x2 - xh -1
1 1 4 a
1444442444443 1444442444443
I1 I2

I1 = 0 because when t ! 61, 4@ So, I ]ag =- 3 ^a3 + a2 - a - 1h

then t + 4/t ! 64, 5@ and we can always find a real x & I' ]ag =- 3 ^3a2 + 2a - 1h
=- 3 ^3a2 + 3a - a - 1h
4
for which 3 sin x - 4 cos x + t + t = 0 =- 3 ]a + 1g]3a - 1g
1
` Maximum value occur at x = 3
4
Graph of : y = t +
t

1/ 3

` I b 3 l =- 3 b 27 + 9 - 3 - 1 l = 9 = S
1 1 1 1 32

` 5S? = 3
(refer the graph)
10
12. Put x - 2 = i, we get
` I = I2 = # b t + 4 - 5 l dt = 3 :3 + ln 5 D 2
]i2 + 1g
t 2
4 I= # ^2i2 + 3h
sin idi = 0 (odd function)
` a = 3 , b = 5/2 & a + 2b = 8 -2

1 1 13. p ]xg + 1 is divisible by ]x - 1g3

f ]xg = 3x # f ] t g dt + 2x # f ]1 - tgdt + 3
& p ]- xg + 1 is divisible by ]x + 1g3
2
11. ....(1)
0 0

& f ]xg = 3Ax2 + 2Bx + 3 Similarly p ]xg - 1 is divisible by ]x + 1g3

& p ]- xg - 1 is divisible by ]x - 1g3
1 1
.....(2)
where A = # f ] t g dt = # ^3At2 + 2Bt + 3hdt
0 0 & From (1) and (2)
Now, A = A + B + 3 ` B =- 3
p ]xg + p ]- xg is divisible by ]x + 1g3 and ]x - 1g3
both & p ]xg + p ]- xg is divisible by ]x + 1g3 ]x - 1g3
1
ly
||| B = # f ]1 - tgdt
0 but then p ]xg + p ]- xg has degree
1

= # ^3A]1 - tg2 + 2B]1 - tg + 3hdt 6 & p ]xg + p ]- xg = 0

` p ]- xg =- p ]xg & p ]xg is an odd polynomial
0

` A =- 3
function of degree 5. since p ]xg is odd function
Hence f ]xg =- 9x2 - 6x + 3 10

a & # p ]xg dx = 0.
Let I ]ag = # ^- 9x2 - 6x + 3h dx ]a > - 1g -10

-1

` I ]ag = E
a
- 9x3 6x2
3 - 2 + 3x
-1
 Definite Integration 2.21
r /2
^ 2 + 1 h I1
14. Consider f ]ag = # ]sin x + a cos xg3 dx ....(1) &
2 I2
=1

^ 2 - 1h
0

` I1 = e o = ^2 - 2 h / ^n - n h
I 2
2 + 1 ^ 2 - 1h
r /2

f' ]ag = 3 # ]sin x + a cos xg cos xdx 2

....(2) 2

0
& n = 2.
r /2

f" ]ag = 6 # ^sin x + a cos2 xh $ cos2 xdx

r r
2 2
0 # ]cos xg 2 +1
dx # ]sin xg 2 +1
dx
r /2 r /2

f" ]ag = 6
Note: 0
= 0
# sin x cos2 x dx + 6a # cos3 x dx r
2
r
2
0 0 # ]cos xg 2 -1
dx # ]sin xg 2 -1
dx
f" ]ag = 6 $ b -3t l + 6a b 3 l =- 2 ]0 - 1g + 4a
3 0
2 0 0

-1
[Using King property]
f" ]ag = 4a + 2
f' ]ag = 2a2 + 2a + c
ln 3 27

16. # f ] xg dx + # g ^ yh dy = 27 ln 3 - 8 ln 2 and
f' ]0g = c = 1 (using (2)) ln 2 8

f' ]ag = 2a2 + 2a + 1 ln 3

# f ] xg dx = 12 - 12 ln 3 + 12 ln 2
f ]ag = 3 + a2 + a + c1
2a 3
ln 2
27

f ]0g = c1 = 3 ` # g ^ yh dy = 39 ln 3 - 20 ln 2 - 12
2
(using (1))
8

Hence, f ]ag = 3 a3 + a2 + a + 3
2 2
Hence, a = 39; b = 20; c = 12
Hence gives equation reduces to, ` a - ]b + cg = 39 - 32 = 7.

2a3 + 3a2 - 3a - 4 = 0 3

17. Given that # ]3 - xg f "] xgdx = 7

/ a1 = / a1 a2 = -23 ; a1 a2 a3 = 2 2
3

` _/ a i = ^/ a1 h - 2 / a1 a2 = 4 + 3 = 4 & ]3 - xg.f ' ] xg 2 + # f ' ] xg dx = 7

3
2 9 21 2
1
2

Hence, 6a12 + a22 + a32@ = 5. & 0 - f ' ]2g + f ]3 g - f ]2g = 7

& - 4 + f ]3 g + 1 = 7 & f ]3 g = 10.
r
2
15. Let I1 = # ]cos xg 2 +1
dx ....(1) x
t2 #
0 dt
r a+t
2
18. We have Lim 0
=1
and I2 = # ]cos xg 2 -1
dx ....(2) x"0
c mx
x - sin x 3
0
x 3

r
x2 1

2
& 6 Lim 2 = 1
Now, I1 = # ]cos xg $ ]cos xgdx
2
x"0 a + x 3x
]I g 14444244443
0 ] II g 2
] I.B.Pg

& = 1 & a = 4.
a
r
2

= ^]cos xg 2 $ sin xh0 + # 2 $ ]cos xg

r
2 -1
2
$ sin2 xdx
0
r
2

= 2 # ]cos xg 2 - 1 $ ^1 - cos2 xh dx
0

` I1 = 2 I2 - 2 I1
2.22 Mathematics
19. We have 2
r
sin2 nx cot x
x 22. Tn = r # sin 2x dx
f ] xg = xe -x - ]1 - xg3 + 2x - x2 - # 2t ln t dt
2
0
r
1 sin2 nx
Clearly domain of f ] xg is R +. #
0

=r dx
0
sin2 x

sin2 nx - sin2 ]n - 1gx

Now r
1 #

Tn - Tn - 1 = r dx
f = e -x ]1 - xg + 1 + 2 ]1 - xg - 2 ln x
2 sin2 x
' x

3 ]1 - xg3
0

For 0 < x < 1, f ' ] xg > 0 and for x > 1 f ' ] xg < 0 . sin ]2n - 1g x $ sin x
r
1 #

=r dx
sin2 x
Also at x = 1, f ' ] xg does not exist. So the only
0

sin ]2n - 1g x
r

critical points is x = 1, which is the point of maxima 1 #

=r dx
(As f ' ] xg changes sign from positive to negative in
0
sin x

the neighbourhood for x = 1 ) r

= r $ rfa di = r for n is odd p

1 # sin n $ i
Also minimum value does not exist. sin i
0
1 1
20. Put x = t & dx =- 2 dt T
& n - Tn - 1 = 1
t
Given integeral T
a 0=0
1 ln b 1 - 1 l dt 1

& sequence Tn is 1, 2, 3, ..., n
= c ln t - ]1 - t g m dt
t 1 1
I= # ln t $ ln ]1 - t g
# ln
& e / Tn o - 50 = 55 - 50 = 5
10
0
1 1
0
1

dt dt dt 1 n=1 1
= # ln t - # # 23. # f ] xg^ x - f ] xgh dx = 4 # x2 dx
1
ln ]1 - t g ln ]1 - t g
=
0 0 0 0 0
1
dt 1
-# ] & # b x4 - xf ] xg + ^ f ] xgh l dx = 0
ln 1 - t g
= 0
2
2
0
0

f ' ] xg + f ' ]- xg
2011
1
21. I = # ]2011gx + 1 dx & # b 2 - f ] xgl dx = 0

x 2

-2011
0
a a

>As
# f ] xg = # ^ f] xg + f]- xghdxH ` f ] xg = 2 and 300 f b 3 l = 50

x 1
-a a

2011 24. ln p = lim 1n :ln b1 + 1n l + ln b1 + 2n l + ... + ln b1 + nn lD

= # ^ f ' ] xg + f ' ]- xgh; ]2011gx + 1 + ]2011g-x + 1 E dx
1 1 n"3

General term of ln p = n ln b1 + nr l
0 1

2011

= # ^ f ' ] xg + f ' ]- xghdx = f ] xg - f ]- xg 0

2011
1

Sum = n / ln b1 + nr l = # ln ]1 + xgdx
n
1
0
= ]2011g - f ]- 2011g
r=1
f 0

4
Now, f ] xg - f ]- xg = 2011
2x
ln p = ln e

` f ]2011g - f ]- 2011g = 2
t
# 3 tan x - tan3 x
cos b x + 6 l
r
I
` =2
b0 l;
r /3
25. Lim 3t - r 0
r
t" 3

Apply L.H. Rule
3 tan t - tan3 t b 0 l 3 sec2 t - 3 tan2 t sec2 t
Lim
0 = Lim =8
3 cos bt + 6 l - 3 sin bt + 6 l
r
t" 3
r r
t" 3
r
 Definite Integration 2.23

EXERCISE - 4
Single Option Correct dx
#0
1

]x + cos ag2 + ^1 - cos2 ah

3. Given integral =
#0 e x ]x - agdx = 0
1
1. We have
2

#0
1 dx
]x + cos ag2 + sin2 a
=
#0 #0
1 1
or
2 2
x x
e xdx = e adx
1
1 x + cos a
1 = sin a tan -1 sin a
#0 e t dt = a # e x dx , where t = x2
1 1
or 2
2
0
0
= sin a :tan -1 sin a - tan -1 sin a D
1 1 + cos a cos a
or 2 ]e - 1g = a # e x dx
1 1
(1)
2

= sin a :tan -1 cot 2 - tan -1 ]cot agD

1 a
Since, e x is an increasing function for
2

= sin a ;tan -1 tan b 2 - 2 l - tan -1 tan b 2 - a lE

1 r a r
0 # x # 1, 1 # e x # e when 0 # x # 1
2

or 1 ]1 - 0g # # e x dx # e ]1 - 0g
1

= sin a ;b 2 - 2 l - b 2 - a lE = 2 sin a
2

0
1 r a r a
or 1 # # e x dx # e (2)
1 2

0
3

# dx
From equation (1) and (2), we find that L.H.S of 4. I=
x e3
1 e .e +
ex
#0
1
equation (1) is positive and e x dx lies between
2

Multiply and Divide by e x

1 and e. Therefore, a is a positive real number. 3
e x dx
1 ]e - 1g
I= # e ]e xg2 + e3
1
Now, from equation (1), a = 2 1 (3) Put e x = t & e x dx = dt
# e x dx 0
2

3
The denominator of equation (3) is greater than unity 1 # dt
I= e
e
t2 + e2
and the numerator lies between 0 and 1. Therefore,
= e . e :tan -1 b et lD
1 1 3

0 < a < 1. e

1 :r r D r
2. ln (ln (ln (ln x))) = t = - = 2
e2 2 4 4e
dx
x ln x ln ]ln xg ln (ln (ln x)))
= dt
5. Put x = tan i or dx = sec2 idi
e

As x goes from e e to e e
e e

When x = 3, tan i = 3, or i = r/2

t goes from 1 to e
#0
r /2
tan i sec2 i
]1 + tan ig^sec2 ih
`I= di (1)
ee
ee

# dx
&I= x ln x ln (ln x) ln (ln (ln x))) Now changing equation (1) into sin i and cos i , we
e
ee
r /2
#0 sin idi r
e get I = = 4
= # dt = e-1 cos i + sin i
1
2.24 Mathematics

f ] xg =
1 ex
6. # ^1 + cos 8 xh^ax2 + bx + ch dx 9.
1 + ex
0
e a and f ]- ag = e
` f ]ag =
-a -a
e 1
= =
1
1 + ea 1 + e -a 1 + 1 1 + ea
= # ^1 + cos8 xh^ax2 + bx + chdx + a
e
` f ]ag + f ]- ag =
0 ea + 1
=1
2 1 + ea
# ^1 + cos8 xh^ax2 + bx + chdx Let f ]- ag = a or
1

f ]ag = 1 - a
2

` # ^1 + cos8 xh^ax2 + bx + chdx = 0 1-a

Now, I1 = # xg ^ x ]1 - xgh dx
1

since 1 + cos8 x is always positive a

1-a

# ]1 - xgg (]1 - xg(1 - (1 - x)) dx

b

f ]xg dx = 0 ]b > ag
=
= # a
a

means f ]xg is positive in some portion and negative

1-a

= # ]1 - xgg ^ x (1 - x)h dx
in some portion from a to b a

` ax2 + bx + c is positive and negative in ^1, 2h

1-a

` 2I1 = # g (x ]1 - xg) dx = I2
` ax + bx + c has a root in ^1, 2h
2 a
I
or I2 = 2
r /2 1

# sin xdx
7. I= 1 + sin x + cos x 10. Let x = tan i & dx = sec2 idi
0
r /2 r /2 r /2
# cos xdx i tan i
= 1 + sin x + cos x `I= # sec2 i
di = # i sin i cos idi
0 0 0
r /2 r /2
# sin x + cos x + 1 - 1 1
or 2I = sin x + cos x + 1 dx =2 # i sin 2idi
0 0
r r 1
= 2 :- i 2 +
2I = 2 - log 2 or I = 4 - 2 log 2 1 cos 2i # cos 2i Dr/2 r
2 di 0 = 8
π
4

8. In = # tan n x dx
1+ 5
2 1+
1
0 11. # x2 log b1 + x - 1 l dx
π 1 x
4 1 x2 - 1 + 2
x
= # tan n - 2 x. tan 2 x dx
0 1+ 5
1
2 1+
x2 log b1 + x - x l dx
r r
4 4 # 1
=
# # bx - l + 1
2
In = tan n - 2 x sec 2 x - tan n - 2 x dx 1
1
x
Put x - x = t or c1 + 2 m dx = dt
0 0
1 1
π
4 x
In + In - 2 = # tan n - 2 x sec 2 x dx 5 +1
0 If x = 1, t = 0, and if x = 2 ,t = 1
Put tan x = t & sec 2 x dx = dt
ln ]1 + tg dt
1
1
`I= # Put t = tan i or
= # tn - 2 dt 0
1 + t2
0 r /4

= nt - 1 D = n - 1 ln ]1 + tan igdi = 8 log e 2

n-1 1
1 # r
dt = sec2 idi ` I =
0 0

lim n ] In + In - 2g = lim n - 1 = 1
n
n$3 n$3
 Definite Integration 2.25
f ' ] xg
e

# 1f444"2]44x4g3 .ln = 6ln x.f ' ] xg@1 -

3r / 4
12. W
x dx
e
# x dx 19. I= # dx
2 ^e + 1h cos b x - 4 l
II I 1 x - r /4 r
- r /4

f ] xg Ee f ] xg
e

= ;ln x.f ' ] xg - - # dx r

x 1 x2 Putting x - 4 = t , we get
1

f ]e g f ]1 g 1
= ln e.f ' ]e g - e + 1 - 2
r /2
1 # dt
^e t + 1h cos t
I=
1 1 3 1 2 - r /2
= 1- e +1- 2 = 2 - e
r /2
13. Since a2 I1 - 2aI2 + I3 = 0, 1 # e t dt
^e t + 1h cos t
=
1 2
# ]a - xg2 f]xgdx = 0
- r /2

r /2
1 #
Hence, there is no such positive function f ]xg .
0
Adding, we get 2I = sec tdt
2 - r /2
b b

14. # f ] xg dx = # f ]a + b - xg dx 1
r /2
1
a a `I= # sec xdx ` k =
π 2 2 2 2
# ecos x cos3 ]2n + 1gx
- r /2
I=
2

2r
0
r 20. # 52 sin x?dx
= #e cos2 ]r - xg
. cos 6]2n + 1g r - ]2n + 1g x@ dx
3 r

0 7r/6 11r/6 2r
π
# ]- 1g dx + # ]- 2g dx + # ]- 1g dx
# ecos x cos3 ]2n + 1gx
=
dx & I =- I & I = 0
2
=- r 7r/6 11r/6
0
- r 4r r - 5r
= 6 - 3 -6 = 3
cos ^r/2 - xh
r /2 r /2
2 2
# cos x
15. dx = #
1 + cos2 ^r/2 - xh
I1 = dx
0
1 + cos2 x 0 21. Given f' ]1 g = tan r/6, f' ]2 g = tan r/3, f' ]3g = tan r/4
r /2

# sin2 x 3 3
=
1 + sin2 x
dx = I2 Now, # f' ]xg f" ]xg dx + # f" ]xg dx
0
2 1

^ f' ]xgh2 F 6 ]xg@3

r /2

c sin x2 + cos x2 m dx =<

2 2 3
Also I1 + I2 = # 1 + sin x 1 + cos x 2
+ f' 1
0 2

^ f' ]3 gh2 - ^ f' ]2 gh2

+ f' ]3 g - f' ]1 g
r /2

# sin x + sin2 x cos2 x + cos2 x + sin2 x cos2 x

2
=
= dx 2
0
1 + sin2 x + cos2 x + sin2 x cos2 x
]1 g2 - ^ 3 h
2

+ d1 - n
# 1 + 2 sin2 x cos2 x 1
= dx = 2I3 =
2 + sin2 x cos2 x 2 3
2I1 = 2I3 or I1 = I3 or I1 = I2 = I3 1-3 1 -1
2 + 1 -f]xg 3 = 3
16. The integral #e -x2
dx cannot be calculated using 1 #
22. lim 2t dt
elementary functions. x$1 x - 1
4

f ] xg 6 f ] xg@2 - 4 2
a

# a
f ]xg + f ]a - xg 2
17. = = lim
0 x$1 x-1

or lim ; a + 2 + 2 + ... + 2 E = 5 ^ f ] xg + 4h^ f ] xg - 4h

2 3 n
a a a 7
n$3 2 = lim x-1
x$1

f ] xg - f ]1 g
a 14 14
or 1 - a = 5 or 5a = 14 - 14a or a = 19
= 8 lim x-1
18. The function f ] xg = ]1 - x 2g sin x cos 2 x is an odd
x$1

= 8f ' ]1 g
function.
2.26 Mathematics

23. #0 a x4 a2 - x2 dx
27. I=
x

# 5cos t?dt = #
2nr

5cos t?dt +
x

# 5cos t?dt
^ 2 h
0 0 2nr

= ;-x a - x E + a2 . 3
3 2 3/ 2 a
#0 a x2 a2 - x2 dx 2r 2nr + r/2 x

5cos t?dt + 5cos t?dt + 5cos t?dt

3 6
0
=n # # #
(Integrating by parts with x3 as first function and 0 2nr r
2nr + 2

x a2 - x2 as second function.) =- nr + 0 + ^ x - ^2nr + r/2hh]- 1g

a2 #0 a x2 =- nr + 2nr + r/2 - x
= 2 a2 - x2 dx

#0 a x4 a2 - x2 dx = ]2n + 1g r/2 - x
a2
` = 2
#0 a x2 a2 - x2 dx
nr + V nr + V

# 2 cos2 x # π /2 3 π /2
24. 2 dx =
cos x dx
0 0
2

nr nr + V

= # cos x dx + # cos x dx 4
0
r
nr
v
28. # < log12 x - ln 2^log
1
2 xh
2 F dx

=n # cos x dx + # cos x dx
2

]- xg
# > log2 x + x ln 2^log2 xh2 Hdx = ; logx2 x E2 = 0
0 0
4 1 4
=
f] x g
r /2 v
f] x g
= 2n + # cos xdx - # cos xdx = 2n + 2 - sin V 2

]sin tg cos t = t cos t

0 r /2
dx
29. dt = sin
-1
1 1

# e x dx # x2 dx
25.
e ^2 - x3h
I1 = 1 + x , I2 = x3
and dy = sin t . 1 = sin t or dy = sin t = tan2 t .
0 0 dt t 2 t 2t dx 2t.t cos t 2t
In I2 , put 1 - x3 = t 30. #cosx t2 f] t gdt = 1 - cos x
1

0
1 # - dt Differentiating both sides w.r.t. w, we get
e1 - t ]1 + tg
` I2 = 3
1
1
d d ]1 - cos xg
# t2 f] t gdt = dx
1 dx
1 # e t dt 1 cosx

or - cos2 xf ]cos xg]- sin xg = sin x

= 3e 1 + t = 3e I1
0

I or cos2 xf ]cos xg sin x = sin x

` I1 = 3e
or f ]cos xg =
2
26. On differentiating both sides 1
.
cos2 x
6 f ]xg@2 f' ]xg = cos rx - rx sin rx
Now, f c
3m 3
is attained when cos x = 4
4
6 f ]9 g@2 f' ]9 g =- 1 ....(i)
fc
3 m 16
= 3 = 5.33
6 f ]xg@3
4
3 f] x g
Also ; t3 E = x cos rx & = x cos rx
0 3 < f c 3 mF = 5
4
6 f ]9 g@3 =- 27 & f ]9 g =- 3 ...(ii)

from (i) & (ii)

f' ]9 g =- 1/9
 Definite Integration 2.27
Multiple Options Correct Put x = tan i & dx = sec i di 2

1 π π

f ] xg = e x + # e x f] t gdt = e x + k e x, 2 2
31. 2
sec i di di
0
= # ]1 + tan ig sec 2 i
= # 1 + tan i
=I
1 0 0

where k = # f ] t g dt 33. For a # 0 , given equation becomes

2

# ]x - agdx $ 1
0
1
1
or a # 2 or a # 0
`k= # ^e + ke h dt = e + ke - 1 - k ` k = e - 1
t t
2-e 0
0
For 0 < a < 2 ,
Thus, f ]xg = e x b1 + 2 - e l = 2 - e
e-1 ex 2 a 2

# x - a dx $ 1 or # ]a - xgdx + # ]x - agdx $ 1
Obviously, f ]0g = 2 - e < 0
1 0 0 a

a2 a2
or 2 + 2 - 2a + 2 $ 1
Also, f' ]xg = 2 - e < 0 for 6x ! R.
ex
or a2 - 2a + 1 $ 0 or ]a - 1g2 $ 0
Hence, f ]xg is a decreasing function. For a $ 2 ,
2 2
1 1
# x - a dx $ 1 or # ]a - xgdx $ 1
f ]xg dx = ; e E
1
# # ex x
Also, 2 - e dx = 2 - e 0 0 0
0 0 3
or 2a - 2 $ 1 or a $ 2 or a $ 2
e-1
= 2-e < 0 b b

34. (a) Use property # f ] xg dx = # f ]a + b - xg dx

3
x dx a a
32. I= # ]1 + xg]1 + x 2g (b) As f ] x 2g is an even functions
0
a a

Put x = tan i # f ] x 2gdx = 2 # f ] x 2gdx

-a a

& dx = sec i di 2
(c) f ]cos xg has a period r
2

π /2
tan i. sec 2 i di (d) put x + c = t & dx = dt
I= # ]1 + tan ig sec 2 i
0 b b

π/2 I= # f ] t g dt = # f ] xg dx
# tan i
I= di ...(1) c c
1 + tan i
sin ]2n + 1g x - sin ]2n - 1gx
r /2
0

π/2
35. An + 1 - An = # sin x
# cot i 0
I= di
1 + tan i r /2
0

π/2
= # 2 cos 2nx dx = 0 or An + 1 = An
# 1 0
I= di ...(2)
1 + tan i sin2 ]n + 1gx - sin2 nx
r /2
0
Bn + 1 - Bn = # sin2 x
dx
Adding (1) & (2) 0
π/2
1 + tan i sin ]2n + 1g x
r /2
2I = # di #
1 + tan i = sin x dx = An + 1
0
0
r r
2I = 2 I= 4
3

# dx
]1 + xg]1 + x 2g
(c)
0
2.28 Mathematics
r /4 1
36. In = #0 tan n xdx 40. # e x - x dx2

For x ! ^0, 1h, x2 - x ! ^- 1/4, 0h

r /4
= #0 tan n - 2 x tan2 xdx
r /4 r /4
= #0 sec2 x tan n - 2 x dx - #0 tan n - 2 x dx 1

`e -1/4
<e x2 - x
< e or e 4 <
0-
1
# e x - x dx < 1
2

#0
1
= t n - 2 dt - In - 2 , where t = tan x 0

41.
x+r

In + In - 2 = b nt - 1 l f ] x + rg = ^cos ]sin tg + cos ]cos tgh dt

n-1 1

0
#
0

1
= n - 1 . Thus, I2 + I4 , I4 + I6 , ... are in H.P. r

= # ^cos ]sin tg + cos ]cos tghdt

0
For 0 < x < r/4 , we have 0 < tan n x < tan n - 2 x
x+r

+ # ^cos ]sin tg + cos ]cos tgh dt

So, 0 < In < In - 2 or In + In + 2 < 2In < In + In - 2
r

1 1 1
6a for g ]xg = cos ]sin xg + cos ]cos xg, f ]x + rg = f ]xg@
1
< In < ]
1 < 2In < n - 1 or 2 ]n + 1g 2 n - 1g
or n +

= f ]rg + f ]xg = f ]xg + 2f b 2 l

x

6a f ]2 g = 0@
r
f ] xg = # dt
37.
1 + t4
6a g ]xg has period r/2@
2

g ^ f ]xgh = x
g' ^ f ]xgh f' ]xg = 1 42. Let A = ^ x3 + 13h^ x3 + 23h ... ^ x3 + 20143h
g' ]0g f' ]2 g = 2 1

# dA = m1 e % ^1 + k3h - n3 o
2014
1
g' ]0g = ]2 g = 17
1 ` L.H.S = 3
k=1
f' 0

& f' ] x g = & f' ]2 g =

1 1 ` m = 3, n = 2014!
1 + x4 17
r = 4m
n
f ]xgdx
1 / brl
2n
#1
2
43. lim /
r ^3 r + 4 n h
38. lim f n = 2
n $ 3 n r = n+1 x $ 3 r-1

f ]1 + xgdx
r = 4m
lim / f b n l =
1 r+n
n
/ 1
#0
1
= lim
n .n 3 n + 4 l
n$3 n r=1 n$3 r=1 r b r 2

2 2

= # f ] t g dt = # f ]xg dx 1 r
1 1 n = dx n = x
1

lim / f b n l = f ]xgdx
n
1 r # 4
n$3 n r=1 # 1
&I= 2 dx
0
2 0
x ^3 x + 4 h
lim / f b n l = f ]xgdx
2n
1 r #
n$3 n r=1 3 x +4 = t
0
3
^1 + x h + ^1 - x h dx = at
1 1

# 2
39. I+J = dx # dx 2 x
0
1-x 0
1-x 10
2 # dt
Put x = sin 2 i I= 3
4
t2
r/2 r/2
2.2 sin i cos i
# # = 3 :1t D = 10
I+J = di = 4 sin i di = 4 -2 10
1
cos i 4
0 0
1
2 x
I-J = # 1-x
dx Put x = sin 2 i
0
r/2 r/2
2 sin i2 sin i cos i
I-J = # cos i
di = 4 # sin i di = r.
0 0
 Definite Integration 2.29
44. Put x = cos z 48. Let f ]xg = ax + bx + cx + d
3 2

` f ]0g = 5 & d = 5
r
i 2

` f ]ig = # ^sin i - sin zhdz + # ^sin z - sin ih dz

= 2 ]i sin i + cos ig - 2 sin i - 1
0 r i So, f ]xg = ax3 + bx2 + cx + 5

` f' ]xg = 3ax2 + 2bx + c

& f' ]ig = 2 b i - 4 l $ cos i
r

Now, f' ]- 2g = 0 & 12a - 4b + c = 0 ...(1)

and y = f ]xg passes through P ^- 2, 0h ,

0,1
π π 
 , − 1
2 2 
so 0 =- 8a + 4b - 2c + 5 ...(2)
π/4
Also, f' ]0g = 3 & c = 3 ...(3)
& f ]ig decrease in b 0, 4 l and increase in b 4 , 2 l
r r r
-1 -3
` On solving, we get a = 2 , b = 4
45. a f' ]xg = 2x f ]xg & ln f ]xg = x2 + c & f ]xg = e x e c
2

& f ]xg = 4 - 4 + 3x + 5
- x2 3x2
f ]xg = me x
2

(a) f ]2 g =- 4 - 3 + 6 + 5 = 4.
a f ]1 g = 0 & 0 = me & m = 0
(b)
Hence f ]xg = 0, 6x ! R.
5
2 3 4
46. For 0 < x < 1 x > x y 3
3
& 2x > 2x
2 3

2
1
For 1 < x < 2 x3 > x 2 O
−5 1 1 5
2
& 2x > 2x 2
3 2

& I4 > I3 (c) slope of tangent = 3

2r 2r -1
1 + sin x dx & ] Ag = ] Bg
& slope of normal = 3
47. I= # 1 - sin x dx = #
0 0
It passes through (0, 5)
2r

` ]C g = # 1 - sin 2x dx again put 2x = t & dx =

dt
2 & Equation of normal / x + 3y = 15
0
4r 2r 1

1 - sin t dt & ]C g = ] Ag - x3 3x 2
1 # 1 #
=2 1 - sin t dt = 2 2 (d) # 4 - 4 + 3x + 5 dx
0 0 -1
2r 2r 1
1 - sin 2 ]2r - xg = # b - 34x + 5 l dx = 2
19
2
Also, C = # # 1 + sin 2x dx & =
0 0
-1

(C) = (D). Hence A = B = C = D & all correct.

2.30 Mathematics
n 1
n
lim / # tan-1 c 1 +2xx--1x2 m
n $ 3r = 1 ]n + r g]n + 2r g
49. =-
0
n
n
= lim / I =- I &I=0
n 1+ n 1+ n l
b
n $ 3r = 1 2 r lb 2r
π/2

(d) I = # ln ]tan xg dx Using king

1 1

# b 1 +22x - 1 +1 x ldx
0
# dx
=
]1 + xg]1 + 2xg =
π/2

ln b tan b 2 - x ll dx
# r
0 0 I=
= ln ]1 + 2xg - ln ]1 + xg 10 = ln 3 - ln 2 = ln 23 0

π/2
r
= # ln ]cot xg dx
50. (a) I = # ^14444444444444444444444
cos 2x. cos 22 x. cos 23 x. cos 2 4 x. cos 25 x h dx
42444444444444444444444443 0
-r f] x g
1

I+I = # ln ]tan xg + ln ]cot xgdx

f ]xg dx 6 f ]xg is even@
r

I=2 # 0

0 2I = 0
r
2
I = 0
I = 2.2 # f ]xg dx (using queen) Comprehension Type
0 Passage – 1 (Question 51 – 52)
r

Let x = ` 3 + 3 + 3 + 3... j
2

I=4 # f ]xg dx = 4I1

0
r
x2 = 3 + x & x2 - x - 3 = 0

Hence P ]xg = x2 - x - 3
2

Now I1 = # f ]xg dx
G ] xg = P ] xg + 3
0

Using king I1 =- I1
` I1 = 0 & I = 0 = x 2 - x = x ] x - 1g
1 100 100
1
(b) I = # ln ^ x + x 2 + 1 hdx 51. /= /
x=2 x=2 x ] x - 1g
-1
100
Using king / 1 1
= x-1 - x
1 x=2

I= # ln ^ x2 + 1 - xh 99
= 100
-1
1

# ln ^ x2 + 1 + xh
-1 1
= # dx
P ] xg + x + 4
52. I=
-1
0
1

I =- # ln ^ x + 1 - xh
2 1
dx r
-1 = # x2 + 1
= 4
I =- I & 2I = 0 0

I=0 Passage – 2 (Question 53 – 54)

1 π
1
tan c m dx
2x - 1 # sin xdx
(c) I = # -1
1 + x - x2
53. n = r-0
0 0

Using king, 2
=r

# tan-1 c 1 + 1 2-]1x -- xxg2 -+ 12x - 1 m

1

I=
0
1

= # tan-1 c 1 1+-x -2xx2 m

0
 Definite Integration 2.31
54. P = 160 v -3/2
f ]0g = K f ]0g = c - 1
From equation (1), Hence K = c - 1
v =b P l
160 2/3
Put in equation (2), we get
As P $ 2 to 10 cr 2
c - 1 = 2 - 2 & c = r - 2 Hence
v $ 80 2/3 to 16 2/3
f ]xg = r - 2 - ]cos x + sin xg
2
]b - agn = # P dv
` f ]rg = r - 2 + 1 = r - 2
2 r
= # 160 v-3/2 dv
Also f' ]xg = sin x - cos x Now f ]xg is strictly

E
-1/2 16
2/ 3

- 160 v
increasing. If sin x - cos x > 0 & x ! b 4 , 4 l .
= r 5r
- 1/2 802/3

3r / 4 3r / 4
320 80
2/ 3

=- F Now I = # ln f' ]xg dx = # ln sin x - cos x dx

v 16 2 /3
r /4 r /4

=- 320 ; E
1 1 3r / 4

2 sin b x - 4 l dx
- # r
801/3 161/3 = ln
320 ]161/3 - 801/3g
r /4

]80 - 16 gn = r
]80 # 16g1/3
2 /3 2 /3
Put x - 4 = t
320 1 r /2 r /2 r /2

4 3 20 ]80 + 16 g ln ]sin tg dt
n= 1 /3 1 /3
# # #
I= ln 2 sin t dt = ln 2 dt +
0 0 0
40
20 ^3 10π/+ 2h 2
=3 3 r r -r
2 = 4 ln 2 - 2 ln 2 = 4 ln 2
1 # cos x
55. n= r 2 dx
- 0 sin x + 4 cos 2 x
2 0 Passage – 4 (Question 59 – 62)
π/2 1

(i) g ]xg = x - k, where k = f ] t g dt

2 # 1
=r
tan x + 4 2 #
0 0
π/2 x
sec 2 x f ] xg = 3 + 1 - x
x3 # ]t - kgdt = x3 ; x - kxE =
2
2 # ]tan x + 4g]1 + tan 2 xg
=r 2 dx 2 + 1 - x 2
0
0
2
2
3
dt 1 + kx
=r # ]t + 4g]t 2 + 1g
2
f x
0 g x
P x1 ,y1
3 \

= 3r > # 2 H
2 dt dt
- # 2
0,1

0
t + 1 0
t +4 3 
 ,0 
2 

= 3r b tan -1 t - 2 tan -1 b 2 ll = 3r : 2 - 4 D = 6
2 1 t 3 2 r r 1  −3 
 0, 
 2 
0
1
Passage – 3 (Question 56 – 58)
r /2
k= # ^1 + kt2hdt = 1 + 3k
f ] t g dt
x

f ] xg = # ]sin t - cos tgdt + K

0
where K = #
& k = 2 which lies in the interval b 3 , 3 l
3 4 2
0 0

f' ]xg = sin x - cos x

Hence f ]xg = 1 + 2 x2 ; g ]xg = x - 2
3 3
f ]xg = c - cos x - sin x ...(1)
r /2 r /2 (ii) Now, minimum vertical distance between f ]xg
Now, K = # f ] t g dt = # ]c - sin t - cos tgdt
0 0 and g ]xg is

f ]xg - g ]xg min = ;b 3x + 1 l - b x - 2 lE

2
r 3
K = c. 2 - 2 ...(2)
2
2.32 Mathematics

= 2 b x2 - 3 + 3 l = 2 ;b x - 3 l + 14 E
1
3 2x 5 3 1 2
100 = # x dx = ;
x100 E = 1
n 1
r99
9 (c) Lim / 99
100 0 100
n"3 r=1 n 0

Hence, f ]xg - g ]xg min = 2 # 9 = 3 .

3 14 7 1 1

(d) 5050 # x200 dx = 5050 # 2 # x100 dx

(iii) Since, perpendicular distance is the minimum -1 0

distance. Hence, distance of the point P ^ x1, y1 h on = 5050 # 2 # x100 dx

0

the curve y = f ]xg from the curve y = g ]xg is least

= 10100 # ; 101
x101 E = 100 = 1
1
1
a & a = 100
0
3
when tangent line at P is parallel to y = x - 2 .
]sin xgcos x
r /2
dy
`
dx p
= 1 & 3x1 = 1 & x1 = 3 .
1 64. (a) I = #
]sin xgcos x + ]cos xgsin x
dx
0

(iv) Equation of line passes through b a, 2 l is

a-3 r
Using king and add I = 4 .

^ x2 - 1h ^ x2 - 1h
y - b a - 2 l = m ] x - ag
2 2
3 (b) I = # dx = # dx
x 3 4
2x - 2x + 1 2 2 1
1 1 x5 2- +
x2 x 4
3
` y = mx + a - 2 - am ...(1)
c - m
2
1 1
Solve with y = f ]xg
x 3 x5
= # 2 1
dx
1 2- 2 + 4
x x
3x2 5
` 2 - mx + am - a + 2 = 0
= t2 & c 3 - 5 m dx = 2t dt
2 1 4 4
Put 2 - +
Since line is tangent to y = f ]xg .
x2 x 4 x x

2 + 4E = b - 1l = 1 .
tdt 1 2 1 2 1 5
D=0 & # 2t = 2
2-
x x 1 2 4 8
m2 = 4 # 2 b am - a + 2 l
3 5
2

# x3 - x + 1
m1 (c) dx =
m2 - 6am + 6a - 15 = 0 m2 -2
4 - x2
2 2 2

# x3 x 1
m1 m2 =- 1 dx - # dx + #
4 - x2 4 - x 2
4 - x2
-2
144424443 -2
144424443 -2
144424443
14 7 odd odd even
6a - 15 =- 1 & 6a = 14 & a = 6 = 3 . 2
b lE
2
dx -1 x
= 0+0+2 # = 2 sin 2 0 = r.
Matching Column Type 0
4 - x2
6x2@ dx g' ] x g
65. (a) f' ]xg =
10

63. (a) I = # 6]14 - xg @ + 6x @

2 2 ...(i)
1 + g 3 ] xg
and
4

g' ]xg = 61 + sin ^cos2 xh@]- sin xg

6]14 - xg2@
10

I= # 6x @ + 6]14 - xg2@
dx ...(ii)
61 + sin ^cos2 xh@]- sin xg
2

Hence f' ]xg =

4

add (i) and (ii) 1 + g 3 ] xg

` f' b 2 l =
10
r 1+0 -1
2I = # dx 1 + g3 ^r/2h 1 + 0
=
4

=- 1 as g b 2 l = 0
r
& 2I = 6 & I = 3
2 0 2

(b) # x
x dx = # ]- 1gdx + # ]1 gdx = 1 ` f' b 2 l =- 1.
r
-1 -1 0
 Definite Integration 2.33
(b) Differentiating both sides sin 2x b
(d) If Lim +a+ 2 = 0
x3 x
f ] xg = 2f ] xg .f ' ] xg
x$0

sin 2x + ax3 + bx
& Lim =0
& f ' ] xg = 2
1 x$0 x3

& f ] xg = 2 + c
x For limit to exist, 2 + b = 0 & b =- 2

f ]0 g = 0 & c = 0 sin 2x + ax3 - 2x

` Lim =0
& f ] xg = 2
x x$0 x3

& f ]2g = 1
2 cos 2x + 3ax2 - 2
Apply L’ Hopital rule, Lim =0
x$0 3x2
(c) Maximum when a =- 1; b = 2 & a + b = 1 2 ]1 - cos 2xg 4 sin2 x 4
` a = Lim 2 & a= =3
x$0 3x 3x2

` 3a + b = 3. b 3 l - 2 = 2.
4

9/4

1/2

Numerical Type 3

1. Given that
&I= # (x + [x]) dx
-3
a
Where [x] denotes the greatest integer E x
# (| x |+| x - 2 |) dx = 22, (a > 2)
-a
-2 -1 0

Split the limits of the integrals &- > # (x - 3) dx + # (x - 2) dx + # (x - 1) dx
0 2 -2 -2 -1
& # (- 2x + 2) dx + # (x + 2 - x) dx
3

# (x) dx + # (x + 1) dx + # (x + 2) dxH
-a 0 1 2
a +
+ # (2x - 2) dx = 22 0 1 2
2

& I =- ;b x - 3x l + b x - 2x l + b x - x l
2 -2 2 -1 2 0
0 2 a
& # (- 2x + 2) dx + # (2) dx + # (2x - 1) dx = 22 2 -3 2 -2 2 -1

+ b x2 l + b x2 + x l + b x + 2x l E
-a 0 2 2 1 2 2 2 3

& 6- x2 + 2x@0-a + 52x?20 + 6x2 - 2x@0a = 22

0 1 2 2


& 6a2 + 2a@ + 54 - 0? + 6a2 - 2a - 0 + 0@ = 22 &I=3
& 2a2 = 18 2. 3 < 3x < 6
&a =9 2

Take cases when 3 < 3x < 4, 4 < 3x < 5, 5 < 3x < 6 ;
&a=3 2

Now the required integral is

Now # 2x - 53x? dx
-a 1

I= # (x + [x]) dx 4/3 5/3 2

a = # ]3 - 2xg dx +
# ]4 - 2xg dx + # ]5 - 2xgdx
Put a = 3 1 4/3 5/3

-3 2 3 4

= 9 +9 +9 =1
&I= # (x + [x]) dx
3
2.34 Mathematics
Single Options Correct 1
3 4. f (x) =
3. Given Integral: I = # 6x2 - 2x - 2@dx 2x3 - 9x 2 + 12x + 4
1
3 -1 (6x 2 - 18x + 12)
f l (x) =
= # [(x - 1) 2 - 3] dx 2
(2x3 - 9x 2 + 12x + 4) 2
3

1
- 6 (x - 1) (x - 2)
Use the property [x + I] = [x] + I where I is an
=
integer, so we get 3 2
3
2 (2x - 9x + 12x + 4) 2
3

= # _7(x - 1) 2A - 3 idx
1
f (1) = , f (2) =
1
1 3 8
3 3
1 1
= # [(x - 1) 2] dx - 3 # dx
&
3
1I1
1 1 8
3
5. We have,
= # [(x - 1) 2] dx - 3] xg13 r r /2 r
1
3
# cos x 3 dx = # cos3 xdx - # cos3 xdx
= # [(x - 1) 2] dx - 3]3 - 1g 0
r /2
0
r
r /2

= # b cos x 4 cos x l dx - # b cos 3x +4 3 cos x ldx

1
3 +3
3

= # [(x - 1) 2] dx - 6 ..(i)
0
r
r /2

= 4 >b sin33x + 3 sin x l - b sin33x + 3 sin x lr H

1 2 r
1

3 0 2

To Integrate # [(x - 1) 2] dx
= 4 ;b 31 + 3 l - 0 - b0 - b - 3 + 3 llE
1 - 1
1

Put x - 1 = t
= 4 :3 + 3 D = 3
1 8 8 4

& dx = dt
r

Also if x = 1 then t = 0 and if x = 3 then t = 2 3

# tan i 1

So we get 6. Given, di = 1 -
0
2k sec i 2
2 r

# [t ] dt
3
2
1 # tan i 1

& di = 1 -
0 2k 0 sec i 2
Now split the limit about those point where t2 is an r
3
Integer 1 # sin i 1

& di = 1 -
Thus at t = 0, 1, 2 , 3 , 2 we have t2 ! I, hence 2k 0 cos i 2
1 6
2 cos i @03 = 1 -
split the limits about these point r
1

&-
2
2k 2

Therefore # [t2] dt can be expressed as
- 2 1 -1
0

& d n= 1- 1
1 2 3 2 k 2 2
= # 0dt + # 1.dt + # 2.dt + # 3.dt

& 2= k&k=2
0 0 2 3

= 2 - 1 + 2 ( 3 - 2 ) + 3 (2 - 3 )

Now use this result in (i), we get
I = 2 - 1 + 2 ( 3 - 2 ) + 3 (2 - 3 ) - 6
=- 2 - 3 - 1 .
 Definite Integration 2.35
7. We have, |f(x) – f(y)| ≤ 2|x – y| 3/2
11. 2 2

Dividing both sides by |x – y|, we get R1 = # xf ]xg dx = # ]2 - 1 - xgf]2 - 1 - xgdx

f ]xg - f ^y h
-1 -1

# 2 x-y
1/2
2 2
x-y = # ]1 - xgf]1 - xgdx = # ]1 - xgf]xgdx
Taking limit x → y, we get -1 -1
2
|f ' (y)| ≤ 0 ⇒ f ' (y) = 0 ⇒ f(y) = C
Hence, 2R1 = # f ]xg dx = R2 .
⇒ f(x) =C
-1
a f(0) = 1⇒ C = 1 ⇒ f(x) = 1 12. Put x2 = t or 2x dx = dt
1 1

` # f2 ]xg dx =
# 1dx = 5x?10 = 1 1
ln 3
sin t
0 0 I= 2 # sin t + sin ]ln 6 - tg
dt
r ln 2
2 r/2

# sin 2 x # sin ]ln 6 - tg

ln 3
2
8. I = dx & 2I = sin xdx 1 # sin ]ln 6 - tg + sin t
1 + 2x =2 dt
r r
2 -2 ln 2
π ln 3
2 1 # 1 3
# ` 2I = 2 1dt or I = 4 ln 2 .

2I = 2 sin 2 xdx (By property 4)
ln 2
0
x

e f ] xg = 2 +
π
2
π 13. -x
# t 4 + 1 dt (1)

&I= # 2
sin xdx = 4 0

3r
0
f _ f ]xgi = x
-1

or f' _ f -1 ]xgi_ f -1 ]xgi ' = 1

# dx
9. I= 1 + cos x ...(1)
r

or _ f -1 i ' ]2 g =
4
1
3r
4 f' _ f -1 ]2 gi
# dx
1 - cos x ...(2) f ]0g = 2 or f -1 ]2 g = 0 or _ f -1 i ' ]2 g =
I= 1
r f' ]0g
4 3r
x

e f ] xg = 2 +
4

Adding (1) and (2) 2I = # 2

dx
-x
# t 4 + 1 dt
sin2 x 0

or e ^ f' ]xg - f ]xgh = x 4 + 1

r
4 -x
3r
4

I= # cosec2 xdx Put x = 0 ` f' ]0g - 2 = 1 or f' ]0g = 3

_ f i ' ]2 g = 1/3
r
4 -1

I =- ]cot xg
3 r /4
=2 1

# c x6 - 4x5 + 5x4 - 4x2 + 4 - 1 +4 x2 mdx

r /4
x x 14.
10. x # y ] t g dt = ] x + 1g # ty ] t g dt 0
1 1
= ; x7 - 23x + x5 - 43x + 4xE - r
7 6 3 1
x

Differentiating, # y ] t g + x.y ] xg 0

1
1 2 4 22
x
= 7 - 3 +1- 3 +4-r = 7 -r
= # ty] t g + ]x + 1gx.y] xg 15. f' = ! 1 - f2
1
x
or f ]xg = sin x or f' ]xg =- sin x (not possible)
& # ]1 - tgy] t g = x2 y] xg
1 ` f ]xg = sin x
Again differentiating, ]1 - 3xgy ] xg = x y' ] xg 2
Also, x > sin x 6x > 0
y' ] xg 1 - 3x
y ] xg
=
x2
-1

On integrating both sides y ] xg =

ce x
x3
2.36 Mathematics

xf ]xg dx = 5 t5 (Here, t > 0)

0
#0
t2 2
16. I= # 6x 3
+ 3x + 3x + 3 + ]x + 1g cos ]x + 1g@dx
2 17.
-2
0 Differentiating both sides w.r.t t, we get
= # 6]x + 1g3 + 2 + ]x + 1g cos ]x + 1g@dx
t2 f ^t2h # 2t = 5 # 5t 4
-2 2
0

= # 6]- 2 - x + 1g3 + 2 + ]- 2 - x + 1g cos ]- 2 - x + 1g@dx

-2 or f ^t2h = t
0

= # 6-]1 + xg3 + 2 - ]1 + xg cos ]1 + xg@dx Put t = 5 . Then f b 25 l = 5 .

2 4 2
-2
0

or 2I = 2 #2
-2

or I = 4

Single Option Correct

r
2

# ]2 cosec xg17 dx . Let e u + e -u = 2 cosec x.

r/2
x 2 cos x x 2 cos x 3. I=
1. 2I = # 1 + ex
+
1 + e -x
dx r
- r/2 4

For x = 4 , u = ln ^1 + 2 h For x = 2 , u = 0
- r/2 r r
x 2 cos x + x 2 e x cos x
2I = # 1 + ex
- r/2 Also, cosec x + cot x = e u and cosec x - cot x = e -u
π /2

I= # x 2 cos xdx & cot x =

e u - e -u
0 2
r/2
Also ^e u - e -uh du =- 2 cosec x cot xdx
= x 2 sin x@0r/2 - # 2x sin xdx r2
= 4 -2
^ e u - e -u h
0
0
& I =- # ^e u + e -uh17
2 cosec x cot x du
f' ] x g =
ln^1 + 2 h
6x ! R; f b 2 l = 0
3
192x 1
2 + sin 4 ]rxg
2.
0

=- 2 # ^e u + e -uh16 du
Now, 64x3 # f' ]xg # 96x3 6x ! : 2 , 1D
1
ln^1 + 2 h

x x x ln^1 + 2 h

# 64x3 dx # # f ' ]xg dx # # 96x3 dx = # 2 ^e u + e -uh16 du

1 /2 1 /2 1 /2 0

So, 16x 4 - 1 # f ]xg # 24x 4 - 2 6x ! : 2 , 1D

3 1

1 1 1

# ^16x4 - 1hdx # # f ]xg dx # # b24x4 - 23 ldx

1/2 1/2 1 /2

f ]xg dx # 5 . 32 - 4
16 31 1 # 24 31 3
5 . 32 - 2 #
1/2
1

f ]xg dx # 20
26 # 78
& 10 #
1/2
 Definite Integration 2.37

hd n= 1
r
2
x

4. Fx = # f ^ t h dt
3
0

By Rolle’s theorem hl (x) = 0 for at least one
F ]0g = 0 F' ]xg = 2xf ]xg = f' ]xg
xe d 0, n
r
3
f' ] x g 6
# dx = # 2xdx = 0 for some xe d 0, n
r
f ] xg
& f (x) - 3 sin 3x +
r 3
& log e f ]xg = x2 + c x # x
f (t) dt
& f ] xg = e
0
,d form n
x2 + c 0

(c) lim
0
& f ]xg = e x ^a f ]0g = 1 h
x2
2
x"0
1-e
x2

By Ll Hopital rule
& F ] xg = # e t dt xf (x) + # x
f (t) dt
0
,d form n
0 0

lim
x"0
- 2xe x
2
0
& F ]xg = e x - 1 ^a F ]0 g = 0h
2

xf l (x) + f (x) + f (x) 0 + 2f (0)

& F ]2 g = e - 1 4
lim =
-0 - 2
=- 1
- 4x 2 e x - 2e x
2 2
x"0
5. Given f' ]xg - 2f ]xg < 0
or f' ]xg e f ] xg < 0
x # x
f (t) dt
0
,d form n
-2x -2x
- 2e 0

(d) lim
x 2 0
or dx _ f ]xg e -2x i < 0
x"0
d
sin x $ f (x) + cos x # x
f (t) dt
Thus, g ]xg = f ]xg e -2x is decreasing function.
0

= lim
x"0 2x
Also, f ^1/2h = 1.
bcos x.f (x) + sin x.f l (x) + cos x.f (x) - sin x. # f (t) dt l
x

g ]xg < g ^1/2h or f ]xg e -2x < f ^1/2h e -1 or = lim

x"0 2
1 1 1+0+1-0

f ] xg < e f ]xg dx <
=
2x - 1
or 0 < # #e 2x - 1
dx or 2
1/ 2 1/2

=1
1

f ]xg dx <
# e-1 x2 x4
0< 2 7. (a) cos x = 1 - 2! + 4! - ...
1/2
x3 x5
Multiple Options Correct sin x = x - 3! + 5! - ...
r x2
cos x $ 1 - 2
6. f (0) = 1, #
0
3
f (t) dt = 0
1 1

x b1 - x2 l = 2 - 8
# x cos x $ #
2
1 1

(A) Consider a function g (x) = #
0
x
f (t) dt - sin 3x
0 0
g(x) is continuous and differentiable function 1

and g (0) = 0 g d n = 0
r # x cos x $ 83 (True)
3 0

By Rolle’s theorem g l (x) = 0 has at least one x3

(b) sin x $ x - 6
solution in d 0, n
r
3 1 1

x b x - x6 l dx
3
# x sin x $ #
f (x) - 3 cos 3x = 0 for some xe d 0, n
r

3 0 0

(B) Consider a function 1 1

6
# x sin x $ 13 - 30
1
& # 3
x sin xdx $ 10 (True)

h (x) =
0
# x
f (t) dt + cos 3x + x
r
0
1 1
0

x 2 b x - x6 l dx
3

h (x) is continuous and differentiable function and
(d) # x 2 sin xdx $ #
h (0) = 1 0 0
2.38 Mathematics
1
Now Consider ]100g99 = ]1 + 99g99
# x sin xdx $ 14 - 36
21
0 = 99 C0 + 99 C1 ]99g + 99 C2 ]99g2 + ... + 99 C97 ]99g97 + 99 C98 ]99g98 + 99 C99 ]99g99
ABBBBBBBBB
^value = ]99g h
C ABBBBBBBBB
99
^value = ]99g h
99
C
1

# x sin xdx $ 92 (True)

2
2 # ]99g99
& 10099 > 2. ]99g99 &
]100g99
0 <1

(c) cos x < 1 2 # ]99g100
]100g99
2 2
` < 99 (on multiplying by 99)
cos
x x<x
1 1
& I < ln 99
# x cos xdx < 2
# x 2 dx
0 0 For option (B) :
1

# x2 cos xdx < 13 So option ‘c’ is incorrect. 98 k+1

k+1
98
]k + 1gdx
k+1

0 Since, /# ] x + 1g2 dx < / #

x ] x + 1g
^3 1 + 3 2 + ... + 3 n h
k=1 k k=1 k
8. lim = 54
/ b k +1 2 l < I
98

n c ]na + 1g2 + ]na + 2g2 + ... + ]na + ng2 m

n " 3 7/3 1 1 1 & (on integration)
k=1

/ b nr l & b 3 + 4 + 5 + ... + 100 l < I

n n 1/ 3 1 1 1 1
/ r1/3
lim
= r=1
= lim r=1 14444444444444244444444444443
1
e/ o
n 98 terms
1
/ f ba + r l2 p
n"3 n"3 n
n ] + rg2
7/3
r=1 na 98 1 1 1 1
r=1 n & 100 < 3 + 4 + 5 + ... + 100 < I
1

# x1/3 dx
3 4 /3 1
x 0
3 49
` I > 50 Hence option (B) is correct.
0
= 1 = 4 4 = 54
1 =
dx
# ]a + xg2 b 1 l - b 1
-
1l r

e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt = I1

- a+1 a
0
a+x 0 10. Let #
0
3
& = 54 & a = 8 or a =- 9 2r

4 c a ]a + 1g m
1 I2 = # e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt
r

]k + 1 g Put t = x + r
k+1
9. 98
I= /# x ] x + 1g
dx
k=1 k
` dt = dx For a = 2 and a = 4
k+1

/ ]k + 1gf # b 1x - 1 l dx p
98
I= r

e x + r ^sin6 ax + cos 4 axh dt

x+1
k=1 k ` I2 = #
/ ]k + 1g^^ln x - ln (x + 1hhkk + 1
98 0
=
k=1
= e r I1
3r

/ ]k + 1g((ln ]k + 1g - ln ]k + 2g - ln k + ln ]k + 1g) # e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt = e2r I1

98
= Similary,
k=1 2r
4r

= / ]k + 1g^ln ]k + 1g - k. ln kh - / (]k + 1g. ln ]k + 2g - k. ln ^k + 1) + e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt = e3r I1

98 98
and #
k=1 k=1 3r

+ / ^ln ]k + 1g - ln kh
98 4r

# e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt

k=1
0
` r
(Difference series)
# e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt
2 # ]99g100 n
0
` I = ]99 ln 99g + ]- 99 ln 100 + ln 2g + ]ln 99g = ln d
]100g99 r 2r

# e ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt +

t
# e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt
For option (C) : 0 r
 Definite Integration 2.39
f l (x) = 2 (x - x 2) e -x = 2x (1 - x) e -x
2 2

3r 4r

+ # e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt + # e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt

a f (x) is increasing in (0, 1)
2r 3r
= r
` Option (D) is incorrect.
# e t ^sin6 at + cos 4 ath dt
0 a }1 (x) = e -x + x

= 1 + e r + e 2r + e 3r =
e 4r - 1 & }1 (x) = 1 - e -x < 1 for x > 1

er - 1

Then for ae (1, x), }1 (x) = 1 + ax does not true for
11. f ]xg = ^7 tan6 x - 3 tan2 xh $ sec2 x a > 1.
r
4 1

` Option (B) is incorrect.
` # f ]xg dx = # ^7t 6
- 3t h dt = ^t - t
2 7
h0
3 1
=0 Now } 2 (x) = x 2 - 2x - 2e -x + 2

0 0
r & } '2 (x) = 2x - 2 + 2e -x

4 1

Now, # xf ]xg dx = # ^7t6 - 3t2h tan-1 tdt ` } '2 (x) = 2 } (x) - 2

1

0 0
1
From LMVT
= ^tan t. ^t - t hh - # ^t - t h 1 2 dt
-1 7 3 1 7 3
0 } 2 (x) - } 2 (0)
0
1+t = } '2 (b) for be (3, x)
x-0
t3 ^1 - t 4h
1

& } 2 (x) = 2x (}1 (b) - 1)
= # 1 + t2
dt
0
` Option (C) is correct.
1

= # t3 ^1 - t2hdt 1 1 1
= 4 - 6 = 12 13. a }1 (x) = e -x + x
0

and for all x > 0, }1 (x) > 1

` (A) is not correct
Comprehension Type
}1 (x) = x 2 + 2 - 2 (e -x + x) > 0 for x > 0

Passage (Questions 12 – 13)

` (B) is not correct
x2
12. a g (x) = # -t
t e dt, x > 0 t t2 t3
0

Now, t e -t = t e1 - + - + ......3 o
Let t = u 2 & dt = 2u du
1! 2! 3!
1 5

` g (x) = # ue
0
x
-u2
.2u du
and t e -t # t 2 - t 2 +
1 1

2
t2

=2 #
0
x
t 2 e -t dt
2
.....(i)

` #
x2
t e -t dt # #
x2
dt 2 - t 2 +
1 3 1 5
t 2 n dt
0 0 2

and f (x) = # (| t |- t ) e dt, x > 0 x

-x
2 -t2

2 3 2 5 1 1

= x - x + + x7
` f (x) = 2 # (t - t ) e dt .....(ii)
x
2 -t2
3 3 7 7
0

From equation
` Option (D) is correct

(i) + (ii): f (x) + g (x) = # x

2te -t dt
2

2
0
and f (x) = # x
(| t |- t 2) e -t dt
2

Let t = P & 2t dt = dP -x

` f (x) + g (x) = #
x2
e -P dP = [- e -P] 0x
2

=2 #
0
x
(t - t 2) e -t dt
2

0
` f (x) + g (x) = 1 - e -x

2

= # x
2te -t dt - 2
2
# x
t 2 e -t dt
2

1 2 0 0
` f ( ln 3 ) + g ( ln 3 ) = 1 - e - ln3 = 1 -
=
3 3

` Option (A) is incorrect.
= 1 - e -x - 2

2
#
0
x
t 2 e -t dt
2

From equation (ii) :
2.40 Mathematics

# x r
r2
` f (x) # 1 - e -x - 2
t 2 (1 - t 2) dt S2 = 2t 2@08 =
2

0
32
x3 2 1
= 1 - e -x - 2
+ x5 for all x d 0, n 48S2
2

3
3 5 2
& =
r 2 2

` Option (C) is incorrect.
Numerical Type
Comprehension with Numerical Type
10
10x
# = Gdx
3r
8 16. I =
x+1
14. Si = # sin 2 x.1dx 0

r 10x
8
y= , 0 # x # 10
3r
x+1
8
xy + y = 10x
1

=
2
# (1 - cos 2x) dx y
r
x=
8
10 - y
3r y
1 sin 2x 8
0# # 10
= dx -
nr 10 - y
2 2
8 y y
$ 0 and - 10 # 0 a
16S1 10 - y 10 - y

& = 2 y 11y - 100
r
# 0 and $0
3r
y - 10 y - 10
8

15. S2 = # sin 2 x. | 4x - r | dx +  + and +  +

r 0 10 100 10
8
11
3r
100
ye [0, 10) and ye d - 3, n , (10, 3)
8
r

= # 4 sin x x - 2
4
dx 11
100
ye <0, F
r
8
r 11

Let x - = t & dx = dt
4 10
y e >0, H & 7 yA = {0, 1, 2, 3}
r
8
11
4 sin d + t n | t | dt
r

S2 = # 4
2
10x
r Case I : 0 # <1
-
8 x+1
r +  + and +  +
8
1 1 
2 (1 - cos 2 d + t n | t | dt
r 2

= # 4
3
r
-
8 +  +
r 1 1
8
9

= # (2 + 2 sin 2t) | t | dt 1
r xe ^- 3, - 1h , [0, 3) and xe d - 1,
n
-
8 9
1 10x
xe e 0, F then = G= 0
r r
8 8
9 x+1

=2 # | t | dt + 2 # | t | sin (2t) dt
10x
-
r
-
r
Case II : 1 # <4
8 8 x+1
r
8 10x 10x
- 1 $ 0 and -4 < 0

=4 # tdt + 0 x+1 x+1
0
 Definite Integration 2.41
9x - 1 6x - 4 x
$ 0 and <0 17. F ] xg = # f ] t g .dt
x+1 x+1 0

& F' ] xg = f ] xg
+  + and +  +
1 1 1 2 r r
+
9 3
I= # f ' ] xg . cos x dx + # F ] xg cos ] xg dx = 2 ..(1)
1 2
xe (- 3, - 1) , d , \? and xe d - 1, n
0 0
r

f ' ] xg . cos x dx (Let)

9 3

I1 = #
1 2
xe e , F, =
10x
G= 1
0

Using by parts
9 3 x+1
r
10x I1 = ^cos x.f ] xgh0 + # sin x.f] xgdx
r
Case III : 4 # <9
x+1 0

10x 10x
r

- 4 $ 0 and <9 I1 = 6 - f ]0 g +
# sin x.F'] xgdx
x+1 x+1 0

6x - 4
$ 0 and
x-9
<0 I1 = 6 - f ]0 g + I2
..(2)
x+1 x+1 r

+  + and +  +
I2 = # sin x.F'] xg.dx
1 1 1 2 0
+
Using by part we get
9 3
r
1 2
xe (- 3, - 1) , d
, \? and xe d - 1, n I2 = ^sin x.F ] xgh0r -
# cos x.F ] xg dx
9 3 0

1 2
r

, F, =
10x
xe e
G= 1
I2 =- # cos x.F] xgdx
9 3 x+1 0
+  + and +  + r

1 2 1  (2) & I1 = 6 - f ]0 g -
# cos x.F ] xg dx
0
3
2 (1) & I = 6 - f ]0 g = 2 & f ]0 g = 4

xe (- 3, - 1) , d
, 3 n xe (- 1, 9)
3 2
r /4
dx
18. I= r # ]1 + e sinxg]2 - cos 2xg
... (i)
2 10x
xe < , 9F ; = G= 2
- r /4

3 x+1
x=–t
10x
Case IV : xe [9, 10] & = G= 3
r /4
2 # e sint
]1 + e g]2 - cos 2tg
x+1
I= r sin t ... (ii)
- r /4
1 2
9 3 9 10

add (i) and (ii)

I= # 0 $ dx + # 1 $ dx + # 2 $ dx + # 3 $ dx
r /4 r /4
0 1 2 9 1 # 1 1 # sec2 t 1 2r
9 3 I= r 2 - cos 2t dt = r dt = r $
- r /4 - r /4
1 + 3 tan2 t 3 3
2 1 2
I =d
- n + 2 d 9 - n + 3 (10 - 9)
3 9 3
3 3 I = 2 & 27I2 = 4
5 50

I= + +3
9 3

9I = 182
2.42 Mathematics
r /2
3 cos i di
19. # f ]0g = 0, f b 2 l = 3, f' ]0g = 1.
I= r
^ cos i + sin i h 22.
5
0
r /2 r
3 sin i
= # 9 f' ]II t g cosec t - cot t. cosec t.f ] t gCdt
2

^ cos i + sin i h
5 di
g ] xg = # I
0
x
r /2

# di

2I = 3
^ cos i + sin i h using by parts
4
0
r /2 r r
3di
= #
6 f ] t g. cosec t@dt +
2 2

cot t cosec tf ] t g dt -

^cos2 i + tan i h # #
4
0
=
x x
r /2
3 # sec2 idi r

&I= 2
^1 + tan i h
2

cot t. cosec tf ] t g dt
4
0 #
x
1
= ^ f ] t g cosec t h
Let 1 + tan i = t & sec2 idi = dt r
2 tan i 2
x

2 ]t - 1g g ]xg = f b 2 l .1 - f ]xg cosec x

3 r
3 # 3 2 + 2 3

I= 2 dt = 2
t4 - 2t2 3t3
g ]xg = 3 - f ]xg cosec x & lim g ]xg
1
1
x$0

= 2 b 2 - 3 l = 2 = 0.5
3 2 2 1
& lim 3 - f ]xg . cosec x
x$0

f ] xg 0
b l Apply L-Hospital rule
1

y n = b n n 1 n n 2 ........ n n n l x $ 0 sin ] xg 0
+ + + n & 3 - lim
20.

f' ] x g 1
log L = lim n / log b1 + nr l
n
1 & 3 - lim cos x = 3 - cos 0 = 3 - 1 = 2
x$0
x"3 r=1
x

23. Let f ] xg = # t2
1 2 dt - 2x + 1
1 + t4
= # log ]1 + xg dx =
# log x dx =; x log x - x ; 12 0

f ' ] xg = - 2 < 0 6x ! 60, 1@

0 1 x2
1 + x4
4

= 2 log 2 = log e 1

Now, f ]0 g = 1 and f ]1 g =
2
# 1 +t t4 dt - 1
0
4

⇒ L= e
< 6 t ! 60, 1@
t2 1
As 0 #
1 + t4 2
⇒ [L] = 1 1

# 1 +t t4 dt < 12 & f]1 g < 0

2
&
^1 + 3 h dx
1
2

21. # 0

0
6]1 + xg2 ]1 - xg6@1/4 & f ] xg = 0 has exactly one root in [0, 1]

^1 + 3 h dx
1
2

#
]1 - xg6 1/4
]1 + xg2 < F
]1 + xg6
0

1-x - 2dx
]1 + xg2
put 1 + x = 1 ⇒ = dt
1
^1 + 3 hdt - ^1 + 3 h - 2
3 1 /3

I= # - 2t 6 / 4
= 2 ×
t 1
1

= ^1 + 3 h^ 3 - 1 h = 2