11/23/2022

Chapter 6
Inductance, Capacitance, and
Mutual Inductance

Assoc. Prof. Pham Thi Thu Hien

1

Outline
▹ 6.1 The Inductor
▹ 6.2 The Capacitor
▹ 6.3 Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance
and Capacitance
▹ 6.4 Mutual Inductance
▹ 6.5 A Closer Look at Mutual Inductance

1
 11/23/2022

Objectives

- Know and be able to use:

o The equations for voltage, current, power, and energy in an
inductor/capacitor
o Understand how an inductor/capacitor behaves in the presence of constant
current/voltage;
o Understand the requirement that the current/voltage be continuous in an
inductor/capacitor.
- Be able to combine inductors/capacitor with initial conditions in series and in
parallel to form a single equivalent inductor /capacitor with an initial
condition.
- Understand the basic concept of mutual inductance and be able to write
mesh current equations.
3

Capacitive touch screens

A resistive touch screen cannot process the “pinch” gesture used by many devices to enlarge or shrink the
image on the screen. Multi-touch screens use a different component within a grid below the screen—
capacitors.

2
 11/23/2022

Capacitive touch screens

Its work by sensing the conductive properties of an object. It usually has a glass face & doesn't rely on pressure
→ more responsive than a resistive screen. Capacitive touchscreens can only be touched with a finger, and will
not respond to touches with a regular stylus, gloves or most other objects.

Examples: smartphones with capacitive

touch screens include:
Apple iPhone
HTC Desire
Samsung Galaxy S
Samsung Wave

Inductor

3
 11/23/2022

Inductor

o An inductor is an electrical component that opposes any change in electrical

current. It is composed of a coil of wire wound around a supporting core whose
material can be magnetic or nonmagnetic.
o Inductor is a passive electrical device that stores energy in a magnetic field,
typically by combining the effects of many loops of electric current.
o The inductance is measured in Henrys (H) (It is named after the American
scientist Joseph Henry)

Inductor

4
 11/23/2022

Inductor characteristics
Inductance (or electric inductance) is a measure of the amount of magnetic flux produced for a given
electric current.

Inductor

10

10

5
 11/23/2022

Inductor

Example 6.1: The independent current

source in the circuit shown in Figure
generates zero current for t < 0 and the pulse
10te-5t A for t > 0.

a) Sketch the current waveform.

b) At what instant of time is the current maximum?
c) Express the voltage across the terminals of the 100 mH inductor as a function of time.
d) Sketch the voltage waveform.
e) Are the voltage and the current at a maximum at the same time?
f) At what instant of time does the voltage change polarity?
g) Is there ever an instantaneous change in voltage across the inductor? If so, at what time?

11

11

Inductor

12

12

6
 11/23/2022

Inductor
Solution:

13

13

Inductor

14

14

7
 11/23/2022

Inductor

15

15

Current in an Inductor in Terms of the Voltage Across

the Inductor

16

16

8
 11/23/2022

Current in an Inductor in Terms of the Voltage Across

the Inductor

Example 6.2: The voltage pulse applied to the 100

mH inductor shown in Figure is 0 for t < 0 and is given
by the expression
v(t) = 20te-10t V
for t > 0. Also assume i = 0 for t ≤ 0.
a) Sketch the voltage as a function of time.
b) Find the inductor current as a function of time.
c) Sketch the current as a function of time.

17

17

Current in an Inductor in Terms of the Voltage Across

the Inductor
Solution:
a) The voltage as a function of time

18

18

9
 11/23/2022

Current in an Inductor in Terms of the Voltage Across

the Inductor
Solution:

c) The current as a function of time

19

19

Power and Energy in the Inductor

20

20

10
 11/23/2022

Power and Energy in the Inductor

Example 6.3:
a) For Example 6.1, plot i, v, p, and w versus time. Line up the plots vertically to
allow easy assessment of each variable’s behavior.
b) In what time interval is energy being stored in the inductor?
c) In what time interval is energy being extracted from the inductor?
d) What is the maximum energy stored in the inductor?
e) Evaluate the integrals
0.2 
0
pdt and 0.2
pdt
and comment on their significance.
f) Repeat (a)–(c) for Example 6.2.

21

21

Power and Energy in the Inductor

Solution:
a) The plots of i and v follow directly from the expressions for i and v obtained in Example 6.1.

22

22

11
 11/23/2022

Power and Energy in the Inductor

Solution:
b) When the energy curve increases, energy is being stored. Thus, energy is being stored in the
time interval 0 to 0.2 s. This corresponds to the interval when p > 0.

c) In what time interval is energy being extracted from the inductor?

0.2 < t < ∞
d) What is the maximum energy stored in the inductor?
wmax = 27.07 mJ

23

23

Power and Energy in the Inductor

Solution:
e) Evaluate the integrals
0.2 

0
pdt and 0.2
pdt

(Energy stored)

(Energy extracted)
24

24

12
 11/23/2022

Power and Energy in the Inductor

Solution:
f) Sketch for Example 6.2, and comment why w is constant?

Since both the source and the inductor is ideal, when the voltage returns to the zero, the energy is
trapped inside the inductor and there is no means of dissipating energy. 25

25

Capacitor

A capacitor is an electrical component consisting of two conductors separated by an insulator or dielectric

material.
The capacitor is the only device other than a battery that can store electrical charge.
The electrical charge created between a pair of conductors on which equal but opposite electric charges have
been placed.

26

26

13
 11/23/2022

Capacitor

27

27

Capacitor

28

28

14
 11/23/2022

Capacitor

Example 6.4: The voltage pulse across the terminals of a 0.5 µF capacitor is:

a) Derive the expressions for the capacitor current, power, and energy.
b) Sketch the voltage, current, power, and energy as functions of time. Line up the plots
vertically.
c) Specify the time interval when energy is being stored in the capacitor.
d) Specify the time interval when energy is being delivered by the capacitor.
e) Evaluate the integrals

and comment on their significance.

29

29

Capacitor

Solution:

30

30

15
 11/23/2022

Capacitor
Solution:
b) Sketch the voltage, current, power, and energy as functions of time.

31

31

Capacitor
Solution:

32

32

16
 11/23/2022

Capacitor

Example 6.5: An uncharged 0.2 µF capacitor is driven by a triangular current pulse. The
current pulse is described by

a) Derive the expressions for the capacitor voltage, power, and energy for each of the four
time intervals needed to describe the current.
b) Plot i, v, p, and w versus t. Align the plots as specified in the previous examples.
c) Why does a voltage remain on the capacitor after the current returns to zero?

33

33

Capacitor

Solution:

34

34

17
 11/23/2022

Capacitor
Solution:
b) Sketch the voltage, current, power, and energy as functions of time.

35

35

Capacitor
Solution:
b) Why does a voltage remain on the capacitor after the current returns to zero?

- Since both the source and the capacitor is ideal, when the current returns to zero, the energy is trapped
inside the capacitor and there is no means of dissipating energy.

36

36

18
 11/23/2022

Capacitor

37

37

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

38

38

19
 11/23/2022

39

39

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

40

40

20
 11/23/2022

Series-Parallel Combinations of
Inductance and Capacitance

Impedance of capacitor:
The ratio of the phasor voltage across a circuit
element to the phasor current through that
element is called the impedance Z. For a
capacitor, the impedance is given by

41

41

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Inductors in Series and Parallel

42

42

21
 11/23/2022

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Inductors in Series and Parallel

43

43

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

44

44

22
 11/23/2022

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

45

45

Diodes
Diodes

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

(a) N inductors in series. (b) An equivalent circuit for inductors in series.

Inductors connected in series: L E Q  L1  L 2  ...  L N

1
inductors connected in parallel: L EQ 
1 1 1
  ... 
L1 L 2 LN
46

46

23
 11/23/2022

Diodes
Diodes

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

(a) N capacitors in parallel. (b) An equivalent circuit for capacitors in parallel.

1
Capacitors connected in series: C EQ 
1 1 1
  ... 
C1 C 2 CN

Capacitors connected in parallel: C E Q  C 1  C 2  ...  C N

47

47

Diodes
Diodes

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Example 6.6:
Find LEQ for the following circuit.

48

48

24
 11/23/2022

Diodes
Diodes

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Solution 6.6:
It follows that.

49

49

Diodes
Diodes

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Example 6.7:
Reduce the following circuit to a single capacitor and inductor.

50

50

25
 11/23/2022

Diodes
Diodes

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Solution 6.7:
It follows that.

51

51

Diodes
Diodes

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Solution 6.7 (cont.):
It follows that.

The final reduced circuit is shown in the

following figure.

52

52

26
 11/23/2022

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Example 6.8:

53

53

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance

Example 6.8:

54

54

27
 11/23/2022

Mutual Inductance

55

55

Mutual Inductance

56

56

28
 11/23/2022

Mutual Inductance

57

57

Mutual Inductance
Example 6.8:

58

58

29
 11/23/2022

Thanks!
Any questions?

59

30