Name ________________________________

Geography

General Instructions Total marks – 40

 Reading time – 5 minutes

 Working time – 60 minutes
Section I – Pages 2–7
 Board approved calculators may be
15 marks
used
Attempt Questions 1–15
 Write using black or blue pen
Allow about 20 minutes for this section
 A Stimulus Booklet is provided
 Write your student number and/or
name at the top of every page
Section II – Pages 8–14
25 marks
Attempt Questions 16–20
Allow about 40 minutes for this section
Section I
15 marks
Attempt Questions 1–15
Allow about 20 minutes for this section
Refer to the Stimulus Booklet

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–15

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Refer to Source A on page 1 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer Questions 1 and 2.

1 Calculate the temperature range of the average maximum temperature for Iceland.

(A) 5℃
(B) 10℃
(C) 11℃
(D) 17℃

2 Which season in Iceland has the lowest level of precipitation?

(A) Spring
(B) Summer
(C) Autumn
(D) Winter

Refer to Sources B and C on page 1 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer Question 3.

3 What is the approximate latitude and longitude of Akureyri?

Latitude Longitude
(A) 65° N 18° W
(B) 65° N 22° W
(C) 67° N 18° W
(D) 67° N 22° W

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Refer to the following map and Source C on page 1 of the Stimulus booklet to answer
Question 4.

4 What is the direction and speed of wind measured at the Vatnajökull Glacier (west of
Höfn)?

Direction Speed
(A) SSW 1-2 km/h
(B) SSW 13-17 km/h
(C) NNE 1-2 km/h
(D) NNE 13-17 km/h

5 Which of the following is the most appropriate inquiry question to investigate the
effects of natural stress on an ecosystem’s functioning?

(A) To what extent has land clearing reduced water quality in The Nile River?
(B) How have tropical cyclones affected the spatial patterns and dimensions of the
Wet Tropics Rainforests?
(C) How have changes in temperature and rainfall affected the productivity in the
Wet Tropics Rainforests?
(D) How have cyclones affected the location of the Wet Tropics Rainforests?

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6 What is the term given to the gap between the pre and post level of functioning when
an ecosystem attempts to recover from change or stress?

(A) Vulnerability
(B) Amplitude
(C) Malleability
(D) Resilience

Refer to Source D on page 2 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer Questions 7 to 9.

7 What is the average gradient between P and where the river enters the ocean at
GR924349?

(A) 1:4
(B) 1:8
(C) 1:16
(D) 1:24

8 Which of the following area references has a steep easterly aspect?

(A) 9138
(B) 9241
(C) 9538
(D) 9636

9 Calculate the approximate travel time between Giljur (GR952345) and Höfoabrekka
(GR962342) travelling at a speed of 80km/h following the most direct route by road.

(A) 2 minutes 30 seconds

(B) 9 minutes
(C) 14 minutes 30 seconds
(D) 18 minutes

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Refer to the map below and Source D on page 2 of the Stimulus booklet to answer Question
10.

A map summarising information on land elevation (height) has been drawn.

10 What type of map is this?

(A) Cadastral
(B) Synoptic
(C) Precis
(D) Flow

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Refer to the following advertisement to answer Questions 11 and 12.

Sustainable Tourism advertisement for Destination Better.

11 Which approach best represents the role of sustainable tourism in managing and
protecting ecosystems?

(A) Exploitation
(B) Conservation
(C) Utilisation
(D) Preservation

12 If the tourism industry were not properly managed through ecological sustainability,
which of the following would be a likely negative impact?

(A) Too many visitors leading to shorter stays and decreased revenue
(B) Visitors taking too many photographs
(C) Exploitation of local communities and loss of culture
(D) Utilisation of renewable resources

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Refer to the photograph below and Source E and Source F on page 3 of the Stimulus Booklet
to answer Questions 13 and 14.

Photograph of Hrisey Island

13 What type of photograph is shown and what direction was the photographer facing?

Type of photograph Direction

(A) Ground level North
(B) Oblique aerial South
(C) Oblique aerial North
(D) Vertical aerial South

14 Calculate the scale of Source F.

(A) 1:120 000

(B) 1:200 000
(C) 1:280 000
(D) 1:500 000

15 Which of the following terms best describes the relationships between people and the
environment and the effect they have on each other?

(A) Ecological dimension

(B) Sustainable development
(C) Spatial dimension
(D) Environmental constraint

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Section II
25 marks
Attempt Questions 16–20
Allow about 40 minutes for this section

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Question 16 (5 marks)

Refer to the following cross-section to answer Question 16.

(a) Calculate the local relief between Points A and B. 1

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(b) Calculate the gradient between Point A at 31km and Point B at 37km. 2

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(c) Outline how a cross-section is useful for a geographer. 2

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Question 17 (6 marks)

Refer to your knowledge of an Ecosystem at Risk to answer Question 17 (a)-(c)

Ecosystem at Risk:
…………………………………………………………………………

(a) Formulate a geographical question for studying a human impact on the ecosystem at 1
risk.

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(b) Identify ONE primary source that could be used in relation to the question you 2
formulated in part (a) and provide a reason for its use.

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(c) How could you ensure the validity or reliability of the primary research program in 3
part (b)?

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Question 18 (6 marks)

Answer Question 18 with reference to Source L on page 4 of the Stimulus Booklet and your
knowledge of Ecosystems at Risk.

“Gullfoss was declared a nature reserve in 1979. Recently, plans have been
discussed to harness the area for electricity production through hydropower which
can degrade water sources, placing the ecosystem at risk”

(a) Identify a geographical vocation that would be interested in the plans for hydropower.
1

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(b) Describe the future implications to the Gulfoss ecosystem’s functioning based on the 5
human modification from the planned electricity production.

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Question 19 (3 marks)

Refer to the synoptic chart to answer Question 19 (a)-(c)

(a) Use latitude and longitude to state the location of the centre of TC ‘Laurence’. 1

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Estimate the air pressure at the centre of TC ‘Laurence’. 1

……………………………………… hPa

(c) Identify TWO features of the weather conditions present in New Zealand. 1

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Question 20 (5 marks)

Refer to the graph showing the employment mix by sector for the countries W, X, Y and Z to
answer Question 20 (a)-(c)

(a) Identify the type of graph used above. 1

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1
(b) Which country would most likely be from the developed world?

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(c) Identify the breakdown of employment mix by sector for Country X 3

Agriculture: ………………… %

Industry: ………………… %

Services: ………………… %

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Section II extra writing space
If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

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End of exam

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