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Volume 12952
Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues
Editorial Board
Elisa Bertino
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Wen Gao
Peking University, Beijing, China
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Gerhard Woeginger
RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Moti Yung
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Founding Editors
Gerhard Goos
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Juris Hartmanis
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/
series/7407
Editors
Osvaldo Gervasi, Beniamino Murgante, Sanjay Misra, Chiara Garau,
Ivan Blečić, David Taniar, Bernady O. Apduhan, Ana Maria A. C. Rocha,
Eufemia Tarantino and Carmelo Maria Torre
Computational Science and Its

Applications – ICCSA 2021
21st International Conference, Cagliari, Italy,
September 13–16, 2021, Proceedings, Part IV
1st ed. 2021
Editors
Osvaldo Gervasi
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Beniamino Murgante
University of Basilicata, Potenza, Potenza, Italy
Sanjay Misra
Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Chiara Garau
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Ivan Blečić
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
David Taniar
Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
Bernady O. Apduhan
Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan
Ana Maria A. C. Rocha

University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Eufemia Tarantino
Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Carmelo Maria Torre

Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues
ISBN 978-3-030-86972-4 e-ISBN 978-3-030-86973-1
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86973-1
Chapters 6, 22 and 27 are licensed under the terms of the Creative

Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). For further details see
license information in the chapters.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the

Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other
physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks,

service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
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use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the
advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate
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claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer

Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham,
Switzerland
Preface
These 10 volumes (LNCS volumes 12949–12958) consist of the peer-
reviewed papers from the 21st International Conference on
Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2021) which took
place during September 13–16, 2021. By virtue of the vaccination
campaign conducted in various countries around the world, we decided
to try a hybrid conference, with some of the delegates attending in
person at the University of Cagliari and others attending in virtual
mode, reproducing the infrastructure established last year.
This year’s edition was a successful continuation of the ICCSA
conference series, which was also held as a virtual event in 2020, and
previously held in Saint Petersburg, Russia (2019), Melbourne,
Australia (2018), Trieste, Italy (2017), Beijing. China (2016), Banff,
Canada (2015), Guimaraes, Portugal (2014), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
(2013), Salvador, Brazil (2012), Santander, Spain (2011), Fukuoka,
Japan (2010), Suwon, South Korea (2009), Perugia, Italy (2008), Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia (2007), Glasgow, UK (2006), Singapore (2005),
Assisi, Italy (2004), Montreal, Canada (2003), and (as ICCS)
Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2002) and San Francisco, USA (2001).
Computational science is the main pillar of most of the present
research on understanding and solving complex problems. It plays a
unique role in exploiting innovative ICT technologies and in the
development of industrial and commercial applications. The ICCSA
conference series provides a venue for researchers and industry
practitioners to discuss new ideas, to share complex problems and their
solutions, and to shape new trends in computational science.
Apart from the six main conference tracks, ICCSA 2021 also
included 52 workshops in various areas of computational sciences,
ranging from computational science technologies to specific areas of
computational sciences, such as software engineering, security,
machine learning and artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies,
and applications in many fields. In total, we accepted 494 papers, giving
an acceptance rate of 30%, of which 18 papers were short papers and 6
were published open access. We would like to express our appreciation
for the workshop chairs and co-chairs for their hard work and
dedication.
The success of the ICCSA conference series in general, and of ICCSA
2021 in particular, vitally depends on the support of many people:
authors, presenters, participants, keynote speakers, workshop chairs,
session chairs, organizing committee members, student volunteers,
Program Committee members, advisory committee members,
international liaison chairs, reviewers, and others in various roles. We
take this opportunity to wholehartedly thank them all.
We also wish to thank Springer for publishing the proceedings, for
sponsoring some of the best paper awards, and for their kind assistance
and cooperation during the editing process.
We cordially invite you to visit the ICCSA website https://iccsa.org
where you can find all the relevant information about this interesting
and exciting event.
Osvaldo Gervasi
Beniamino Murgante
Sanjay Misra
September 2021
Welcome Message from the Organizers
COVID-19 has continued to alter our plans for organizing the ICCSA
2021 conference, so although vaccination plans are progressing
worldwide, the spread of virus variants still forces us into a period of
profound uncertainty. Only a very limited number of participants were
able to enjoy the beauty of Sardinia and Cagliari in particular,
rediscovering the immense pleasure of meeting again, albeit safely
spaced out. The social events, in which we rediscovered the ancient
values that abound on this wonderful island and in this city, gave us
even more strength and hope for the future. For the management of the
virtual part of the conference, we consolidated the methods,
organization, and infrastructure of ICCSA 2020.
The technological infrastructure was based on open source
software, with the addition of the streaming channels on YouTube. In
particular, we used Jitsi (jitsi.org) for videoconferencing, Riot (riot.im)
together with Matrix (matrix.org) for chat and ansynchronous
communication, and Jibri (github.com/jitsi/jibri) for streaming live
sessions to YouTube.
Seven Jitsi servers were set up, one for each parallel session. The
participants of the sessions were helped and assisted by eight student
volunteers (from the universities of Cagliari, Florence, Perugia, and
Bari), who provided technical support and ensured smooth running of
the conference proceedings.
The implementation of the software infrastructure and the technical
coordination of the volunteers were carried out by Damiano Perri and
Marco Simonetti.
Our warmest thanks go to all the student volunteers, to the
technical coordinators, and to the development communities of Jitsi,
Jibri, Riot, and Matrix, who made their terrific platforms available as
open source software.
A big thank you goes to all of the 450 speakers, many of whom
showed an enormous collaborative spirit, sometimes participating and
presenting at almost prohibitive times of the day, given that the
participants of this year’s conference came from 58 countries scattered
over many time zones of the globe.
Finally, we would like to thank Google for letting us stream all the
live events via YouTube. In addition to lightening the load of our Jitsi
servers, this allowed us to record the event and to be able to review the
most exciting moments of the conference.
Ivan Blečić
Chiara Garau
Organization
ICCSA 2021 was organized by the University of Cagliari (Italy), the
University of Perugia (Italy), the University of Basilicata (Italy), Monash
University (Australia), Kyushu Sangyo University (Japan), and the
University of Minho (Portugal).
Honorary General Chairs

Norio Shiratori Chuo University, Japan
Kenneth C. J. Tan Sardina Systems, UK
Corrado Zoppi University of Cagliari, Italy
General Chairs
Osvaldo Gervasi University of Perugia, Italy
Ivan Blečić University of Cagliari, Italy
David Taniar Monash University, Australia
Program Committee Chairs

Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy
Bernady O. Apduhan Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
Chiara Garau University of Cagliari, Italy
Ana Maria A. C. Rocha University of Minho, Portugal
International Advisory Committee

Jemal Abawajy Deakin University, Australia
Dharma P. Agarwal University of Cincinnati, USA
Rajkumar Buyya University of Melbourne, Australia
Claudia Bauzer Medeiros University of Campinas, Brazil
Manfred M. Fisher Vienna University of Economics and Business,
Austria
Marina L. Gavrilova
University of Calgary, Canada
Yee Leung Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
International Liaison Chairs

Giuseppe Borruso University of Trieste, Italy
Elise De Donker Western Michigan University, USA
Maria Irene Falcão University of Minho, Portugal
Robert C. H. Hsu Chung Hua University, Taiwan
Tai-Hoon Kim Beijing Jaotong University, China
Vladimir Korkhov St. Petersburg University, Russia
Sanjay Misra Covenant University, Nigeria
Takashi Naka Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
Rafael D. C. Santos National Institute for Space Research, Brazil
Maribel Yasmina Santos University of Minho, Portugal
Elena Stankova St. Petersburg University, Russia
Workshop and Session Chairs

Jorge Gustavo Rocha University of Minho, Portugal
Awards Chair
Wenny Rahayu La Trobe University, Australia
Publicity Committee Chairs

Elmer Dadios De La Salle University, Philippines
Nataliia Kulabukhova St. Petersburg University, Russia
Daisuke Takahashi Tsukuba University, Japan
Shangwang Wang Beijing University of Posts and
Telecommunications, China
Technology Chairs
Damiano Perri University of Florence, Italy
Marco Simonetti University of Florence, Italy
Local Arrangement Chairs

Ivan Blečić University of Cagliari, Italy
Alfonso Annunziata University of Cagliari, Italy
Ginevra Balletto University of Cagliari, Italy
Alessandro Buccini University of Cagliari, Italy
Michele Campagna University of Cagliari, Italy
Mauro Coni University of Cagliari, Italy
Anna Maria Colavitti University of Cagliari, Italy
Giulia Desogus University of Cagliari, Italy
Caterina Fenu University of Cagliari, Italy
Sabrina Lai University of Cagliari, Italy
Francesca Maltinti University of Cagliari, Italy
Pasquale Mistretta University of Cagliari, Italy
Augusto Montisci University of Cagliari, Italy
Francesco Pinna University of Cagliari, Italy
Davide Spano University of Cagliari, Italy
Giuseppe A. Trunfio University of Sassari, Italy
Program Committee
Vera Afreixo University of Aveiro, Portugal
Filipe Alvelos University of Minho, Portugal
Hartmut Asche University of Potsdam, Germany
Michela Bertolotto University College Dublin, Ireland
Sandro Bimonte INRAE-TSCF, France
Rod Blais University of Calgary, Canada
Ivan Blečić University of Sassari, Italy
Ana Cristina Braga University of Minho, Portugal
Massimo Cafaro University of Salento, Italy
Yves Caniou University of Lyon, France
José A. Cardoso e Cunha Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Rui Cardoso University of Beira Interior, Portugal
Leocadio G. Casado University of Almeria, Spain
Carlo Cattani University of Salerno, Italy
Mete Celik Erciyes University, Turkey
Maria Cerreta University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Hyunseung Choo Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Chien-Sing Lee Sunway University, Malaysia
Min Young Chung Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Florbela Maria da Cruz Domingues Correia Polytechnic Institute of
Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Gilberto Corso Pereira Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
Fernanda Costa University of Minho, Portugal
Alessandro Costantini INFN, Italy
Carla Dal Sasso Freitas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil
Pradesh Debba The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR), South Africa
Hendrik Decker Instituto Tecnolčgico de Informá tica, Spain
Robertas Damaševičius Kausan University of Technology, Lithuania
Frank Devai London South Bank University, UK
Rodolphe Devillers Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
Joana Matos Dias University of Coimbra, Portugal
Paolino Di Felice University of L’Aquila, Italy
Prabu Dorairaj NetApp, India/USA
Noelia Faginas Lago University of Perugia, Italy
M. Irene Falcao University of Minho, Portugal
Cherry Liu Fang Ames Laboratory, USA
Florbela P. Fernandes Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
Jose-Jesus Fernandez National Centre for Biotechnology, Spain
Paula Odete Fernandes Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
Adelaide de Fátima Baptista Valente Freitas University of Aveiro,
Portugal
Manuel Carlos Figueiredo University of Minho, Portugal
Maria Celia Furtado Rocha Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
Paulino Jose Garcia Nieto University of Oviedo, Spain
Jerome Gensel LSR-IMAG, France
Maria Giaoutzi National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Arminda Manuela Andrade Pereira Gonçalves University of Minho,
Portugal
Andrzej M. Goscinski Deakin University, Australia
Eduardo Guerra Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Sevin Gümgüm Izmir University of Economics, Turkey
Alex Hagen-Zanker University of Cambridge, UK
Shanmugasundaram Hariharan B.S. Abdur Rahman University, India
Eligius M. T. Hendrix University of Malaga, Spain/Wageningen
University, The Netherlands
Hisamoto Hiyoshi Gunma University, Japan
Mustafa Inceoglu EGE University, Turkey
Peter Jimack University of Leeds, UK
Qun Jin Waseda University, Japan
Yeliz Karaca University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
Farid Karimipour Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Baris Kazar Oracle Corp., USA
Maulana Adhinugraha Kiki Telkom University, Indonesia
DongSeong Kim University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Taihoon Kim Hannam University, South Korea
Ivana Kolingerova University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic
Rosa Lasaponara National Research Council, Italy
Maurizio Lazzari National Research Council, Italy
Cheng Siong Lee Monash University, Australia
Sangyoun Lee Yonsei University, South Korea
Jongchan Lee Kunsan National University, South Korea
Chendong Li University of Connecticut, USA
Gang Li Deakin University, Australia
Fang Liu Ames Laboratory, USA
Xin Liu University of Calgary, Canada
Andrea Lombardi University of Perugia, Italy
Savino Longo University of Bari, Italy
Tinghuai Ma Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, China
Ernesto Marcheggiani Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Antonino Marvuglia Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg
Nicola Masini National Research Council, Italy
Ilaria Matteucci National Research Council, Italy
Eric Medvet University of Trieste, Italy
Nirvana Meratnia University of Twente, The Netherlands
Giuseppe Modica University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Josè Luis Montaña University of Cantabria, Spain
Maria Filipa Mourão Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo,
Portugal
Louiza de Macedo Mourelle State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Nadia Nedjah State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Laszlo Neumann University of Girona, Spain
Kok-Leong Ong Deakin University, Australia
Belen Palop Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
Marcin Paprzycki Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Eric Pardede La Trobe University, Australia
Kwangjin Park Wonkwang University, South Korea
Ana Isabel Pereira Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
Massimiliano Petri University of Pisa, Italy
Telmo Pinto University of Coimbra, Portugal
Maurizio Pollino Italian National Agency for New Technologies,
Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy
Alenka Poplin University of Hamburg, Germany
Vidyasagar Potdar Curtin University of Technology, Australia
David C. Prosperi Florida Atlantic University, USA
Wenny Rahayu La Trobe University, Australia
Jerzy Respondek Silesian University of Technology Poland
Humberto Rocha INESC-Coimbra, Portugal
Jon Rokne University of Calgary, Canada
Octavio Roncero CSIC, Spain
Maytham Safar Kuwait University, Kuwait
Francesco Santini University of Perugia, Italy
Chiara Saracino A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Italy
Haiduke Sarafian Pennsylvania State University, USA
Marco Paulo Seabra dos Reis University of Coimbra, Portugal
Jie Shen University of Michigan, USA
Qi Shi Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Dale Shires U.S. Army Research Laboratory, USA
Inês Soares University of Coimbra, Portugal
Takuo Suganuma Tohoku University, Japan
Eufemia Tarantino Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Sergio Tasso University of Perugia, Italy
Ana Paula Teixeira University of Trá s-os-Montes and Alto Douro,
Portugal
Senhorinha Teixeira University of Minho, Portugal
M. Filomena Teodoro Portuguese Naval Academy/University of
Lisbon, Portugal
Parimala Thulasiraman University of Manitoba, Canada
Carmelo Torre Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Javier Martinez Torres Centro Universitario de la Defensa Zaragoza,
Spain
Giuseppe A. Trunfio University of Sassari, Italy
Pablo Vanegas University of Cuenca, Equador
Marco Vizzari University of Perugia, Italy
Varun Vohra Merck Inc., USA
Koichi Wada University of Tsukuba, Japan
Krzysztof Walkowiak Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
Zequn Wang Intelligent Automation Inc, USA
Robert Weibel University of Zurich, Switzerland
Frank Westad Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
Norway
Roland Wismüller Universitä t Siegen, Germany
Mudasser Wyne National University, USA
Chung-Huang Yang National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
Xin-She Yang National Physical Laboratory, UK
Salim Zabir National Institute of Technology, Tsuruoka, Japan
Haifeng Zhao University of California, Davis, USA
Fabiana Zollo University of Venice “Cà Foscari”, Italy
Albert Y. Zomaya University of Sydney, Australia
Workshop Organizers
Advanced Transport Tools and Methods (A2TM
2021)
Antonio Pratelli University of Pisa, Italy
Advances in Artificial Intelligence Learning

Technologies: Blended Learning, STEM,
Computational Thinking and Coding (AAILT 2021)
Alfredo Milani University of Perugia, Italy
Giulio Biondi University of Florence, Italy
Workshop on Advancements in Applied Machine

Learning and Data Analytics (AAMDA 2021)
Davide Salomoni INFN, Italy
Doina Cristina Duma INFN, Italy
Daniele Cesini INFN, Italy
Automatic Landform Classification: Spatial Methods

and Applications (ALCSMA 2021)
Maria Danese ISPC, National Research Council, Italy
Dario Gioia ISPC, National Research Council, Italy
Application of Numerical Analysis to Imaging

Science (ANAIS 2021)
Advances in Information Systems and Technologies

for Emergency Management, Risk Assessment and
Mitigation Based on the Resilience Concepts (ASTER
2021)
Maurizio Pollino ENEA, Italy
Marco Vona University of Basilicata, Italy
Amedeo Flora University of Basilicata, Italy
Chiara Iacovino University of Basilicata, Italy
Advances in Web Based Learning (AWBL 2021)

Birol Ciloglugil Ege University, Turkey
Mustafa Murat Inceoglu Ege University, Turkey
Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers: Technologies

and Applications (BDLTA 2021)
Bio and Neuro Inspired Computing and Applications
(BIONCA 2021)
Luiza De Macedo Mourelle State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM

2021)
Fernando Miranda University of Minho, Portugal
Computational and Applied Statistics (CAS 2021)

Computerized Evaluation of Economic Activities:

Urban Spaces (CEEA 2021)
Diego Altafini Università di Pisa, Italy
Valerio Cutini Università di Pisa, Italy
Computational Geometry and Applications (CGA

2021)
Marina Gavrilova University of Calgary, Canada
Collaborative Intelligence in Multimodal

Applications (CIMA 2021)
Robertas Damasevicius Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
Rytis Maskeliunas Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
Computational Optimization and Applications (COA

2021)
Ana Rocha University of Minho, Portugal
Humberto Rocha University of Coimbra, Portugal
Computational Astrochemistry (CompAstro 2021)

Marzio Rosi University of Perugia, Italy
Cecilia Ceccarelli University of Grenoble, France
Stefano Falcinelli University of Perugia, Italy
Dimitrios Skouteris Master-Up, Italy
Computational Science and HPC (CSHPC 2021)

Elise de Doncker Western Michigan University, USA
Fukuko Yuasa High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK),
Japan
Hideo Matsufuru High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
(KEK), Japan
Cities, Technologies and Planning (CTP 2021)

Malgorzata Hanzl University of Łó dź, Poland
Ljiljana Zivkovic Ministry of Construction, Transport and
Infrastructure/Institute of Architecture and Urban and Spatial
Planning of Serbia, Serbia
Anastasia Stratigea National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Advanced Modeling E-Mobility in Urban Spaces

(DEMOS 2021)
Tiziana Campisi Kore University of Enna, Italy
Socrates Basbas Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Ioannis Politis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Florin Nemtanu Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Romania
Giovanna Acampa Kore University of Enna, Italy
Wolfgang Schulz Zeppelin University, Germany
Digital Transformation and Smart City (DIGISMART

2021)
Mauro Mazzei National Research Council, Italy
Econometric and Multidimensional Evaluation in

Urban Environment (EMEUE 2021)
Carmelo Maria Torre Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Maria Cerreta University “Federico II” of Naples, Italy
Pierluigi Morano Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Simona Panaro University of Portsmouth, UK
Francesco Tajani Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Marco Locurcio Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
The 11th International Workshop on Future

Computing System Technologies and Applications
(FiSTA 2021)
Bernady Apduhan Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
Rafael Santos Brazilian National Institute for Space Research, Brazil
Transformational Urban Mobility: Challenges and

Opportunities During and Post COVID Era (FURTHER
2021)
Dilum Dissanayake Newcastle University, UK
Kh Md Nahiduzzaman University of British Columbia, Canada
Nurten Akgün Tanbay Bursa Technical University, Turkey
Khaled J. Assi King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi
Arabia
Giovanni Tesoriere Kore University of Enna, Italy
Motasem Darwish Middle East University, Jordan
Geodesign in Decision Making: Meta Planning and

Collaborative Design for Sustainable and Inclusive
Development (GDM 2021)
Francesco Scorza University of Basilicata, Italy
Ana Clara Mourao Moura Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Geomatics in Forestry and Agriculture: New

Advances and Perspectives (GeoForAgr 2021)
Giuseppe Modica University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Marco Vizzari University of Perugia, Italy
Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial

Statistics (GEOG-AND-MOD 2021)
Hartmut Asche University of Potsdam, Germany
Geomatics for Resource Monitoring and

Management (GRMM 2021)
Enrico Borgogno Mondino University of Turin, Italy
Alessandra Capolupo Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Mirko Saponaro Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
12th International Symposium on Software Quality

(ISSQ 2021)
10th International Workshop on Collective, Massive

and Evolutionary Systems (IWCES 2021)
Rajdeep Niyogi Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
Land Use Monitoring for Sustainability (LUMS 2021)

Carmelo Maria Torre Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Maria Cerreta University “Federico II” of Naples, Italy
Massimiliano Bencardino University of Salerno, Italy
Alessandro Bonifazi Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Pasquale Balena Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Giuliano Poli University “Federico II” of Naples, Italy
Machine Learning for Space and Earth Observation

Data (MALSEOD 2021)
Rafael Santos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Brazil
Karine Ferreira Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Brazil
Building Multi-dimensional Models for Assessing

Complex Environmental Systems (MES 2021)
Marta Dell’Ovo Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
Vanessa Assumma Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy
Caterina Caprioli Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy
Giulia Datola Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy
Federico dell’Anna Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy
Ecosystem Services: Nature’s Contribution to People

in Practice. Assessment Frameworks, Models,
Mapping, and Implications (NC2P 2021)
Dani Broitman Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
Privacy in the Cloud/Edge/IoT World (PCEIoT 2021)

Michele Mastroianni University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Lelio Campanile University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Mauro Iacono University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Processes, Methods and Tools Towards RESilient

Cities and Cultural Heritage Prone to SOD and ROD
Disasters (RES 2021)
Elena Cantatore Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Alberico Sonnessa Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Dario Esposito Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Risk, Resilience and Sustainability in the Efficient

Management of Water Resources: Approaches, Tools,
Methodologies and Multidisciplinary Integrated
Applications (RRS 2021)
Maria Macchiaroli University of Salerno, Italy
Chiara D’Alpaos Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
Mirka Mobilia Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy
Antonia Longobardi Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy
Grazia Fattoruso ENEA Research Center, Italy
Vincenzo Pellecchia Ente Idrico Campano, Italy
Scientific Computing Infrastructure (SCI 2021)

Natalia Kulabukhova St. Petersburg University, Russia
Smart Cities and User Data Management (SCIDAM

2021)
Luigi Mundula University of Cagliari, Italy
Gianni Fenu University of Cagliari, Italy
Paolo Nesi University of Florence, Italy
Paola Zamperlin University of Pisa, Italy
13th International Symposium on Software

Engineering Processes and Applications (SEPA 2021)
Ports of the Future - Smartness and Sustainability

(SmartPorts 2021)
Patrizia Serra University of Cagliari, Italy
Gianfranco Fancello University of Cagliari, Italy
Marco Mazzarino University of Venice, Italy
Maria del Mar Munoz Leonisio Universidad de Cá diz, Spain
Smart Tourism (SmartTourism 2021)

Silvia Battino University of Sassari, Italy
Maria del Mar Munoz Leonisio Universidad de Cá diz, Spain
Ainhoa Amaro Garcia Universidad de Alcalà /Universidad de Las
Palmas, Spain
Francesca Krasna University of Trieste, Italy
Sustainability Performance Assessment: Models,

Approaches and Applications toward
Interdisciplinary and Integrated Solutions (SPA
2021)
Jolanta Dvarioniene Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
Valentin Grecu Lucian Blaga University, Romania
Iole Cerminara University of Basilicata, Italy
Smart and Sustainable Island Communities (SSIC

2021)
Paola Zamperlin University of Pisa, Italy
Science, Technologies and Policies to Innovate

Spatial Planning (STP4P 2021)
Daniele La Rosa University of Catania, Italy
Anna Maria Colavitti University of Cagliari, Italy
Paolo La Greca University of Catania, Italy
Sustainable Urban Energy Systems (SURENSYS 2021)

Emilio Ghiani University of Cagliari, Italy
Space Syntax for Cities in Theory and Practice

(Syntax_City 2021)
Claudia Yamu University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Akkelies van Nes Western Norway University of Applied Sciences,
Norway
Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Its

Applications (TCCMA 2021)
Noelia Faginas-Lago University of Perugia, Italy
13th International Workshop on Tools and
Techniques in Software Development Process
(TTSDP 2021)
Urban Form Studies (UForm 2021)

Malgorzata Hanzl Łó dź University of Technology, Poland
Irena Itova University of Westminster, UK
Urban Space Accessibility and Safety (USAS 2021)

Claudia Yamu University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Vincenza Torrisi University of Catania, Italy
Matteo Ignaccolo University of Catania, Italy
Michela Tiboni University of Brescia, Italy
Silvia Rossetti University of Parma, Italy
Virtual and Augmented Reality and Applications

(VRA 2021)
Damiano Perri University of Perugia, Italy
Marco Simonetti University of Perugia, Italy
Workshop on Advanced and Computational Methods

for Earth Science Applications (WACM4ES 2021)
Luca Piroddi University of Cagliari, Italy
Laura Foddis University of Cagliari, Italy
Augusto Montisci University of Cagliari, Italy
Sergio Vincenzo Calcina University of Cagliari, Italy
Sebastiano D’Amico University of Malta, Malta
Giovanni Martinelli Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia,
Italy/Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Referees
Nicodemo Abate IMAA, National Research Council, Italy
Andre Ricardo Abed Grégio Federal University of Paraná State, Brazil
Nasser Abu Zeid Università di Ferrara, Italy
Lidia Aceto Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy
Nurten Akgün Tanbay Bursa Technical University, Turkey
Filipe Alvelos Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Paula Amaral Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Federico Amato University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Marina Alexandra Pedro Andrade ISCTE-IUL, Portugal
Debora Anelli Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Alfonso Annunziata University of Cagliari, Italy
Fahim Anzum University of Calgary, Canada
Tatsumi Aoyama High Energy Accelerator Research Organization,
Japan
Bernady Apduhan Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
Jonathan Apeh Covenant University, Nigeria
Vasilike Argyropoulos University of West Attica, Greece
Giuseppe Aronica Università di Messina, Italy
Daniela Ascenzi Università degli Studi di Trento, Italy
Vanessa Assumma Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Muhammad Attique Khan HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
Vecdi Aytaç Ege University, Turkey
Alina Elena Baia University of Perugia, Italy
Marialaura Bancheri ISAFOM, National Research Council, Italy
Benedetto Barabino University of Brescia, Italy
Simona Barbaro Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
Enrico Barbierato Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, Italy
Jeniffer Barreto Istituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
Michele Bartalini TAGES, Italy
Silvia Battino University of Sassari, Italy
Marcelo Becerra Rozas Pontificia Universidad Cató lica de Valparaíso,
Chile
Ranjan Kumar Behera National Institute of Technology, Rourkela,
India
Emanuele Bellini University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Massimo Bilancia University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
Giulio Biondi University of Firenze, Italy
Adriano Bisello Eurac Research, Italy
Ignacio Blanquer Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
Semen Bochkov Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Russia
Alexander Bogdanov St. Petersburg University, Russia
Silvia Bonettini University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
Enrico Borgogno Mondino Università di Torino, Italy
Michele Bottazzi University of Trento, Italy
Rahma Bouaziz Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
Ouafik Boulariah University of Salerno, Italy
Tulin Boyar Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Paolo Bragolusi University of Padova, Italy
Luca Braidotti University of Trieste, Italy
Jorge Buele Universidad Tecnoló gica Indoamérica, Ecuador
Andrea Buffoni TAGES, Italy
Sergio Vincenzo Calcina University of Cagliari, Italy
Lelio Campanile Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli,
Italy
Antonino Canale Kore University of Enna, Italy
Elena Cantatore DICATECh, Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Pasquale Cantiello Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
Alessandra Capolupo Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
David Michele Cappelletti University of Perugia, Italy
Caterina Caprioli Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Sara Carcangiu University of Cagliari, Italy
Pedro Carrasqueira INESC Coimbra, Portugal
Arcangelo Castiglione University of Salerno, Italy
Giulio Cavana Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Davide Cerati Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Maria Cerreta University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Daniele Cesini INFN-CNAF, Italy
Jabed Chowdhury La Trobe University, Australia
Gennaro Ciccarelli Iuav University of Venice, Italy
Birol Ciloglugil Ege University, Turkey
Elena Cocuzza Univesity of Catania, Italy
Anna Maria Colavitt University of Cagliari, Italy
Cecilia Coletti Università “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, Italy
Alberto Collu Independent Researcher, Italy
Anna Concas University of Basilicata, Italy
Mauro Coni University of Cagliari, Italy
Melchiorre Contino Università di Palermo, Italy
Antonella Cornelio Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
Aldina Correia Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
Elisete Correia Universidade de Trá s-os-Montes e Alto Douro,
Portugal
Florbela Correia Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Stefano Corsi Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Alberto Cortez Polytechnic of University Coimbra, Portugal
Lino Costa Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Marilena Cozzolino Università del Molise, Italy
Giulia Crespi Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Maurizio Crispino Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Chiara D’Alpaos University of Padova, Italy
Roberta D’Ambrosio Università di Salerno, Italy
Sebastiano D’Amico University of Malta, Malta
Hiroshi Daisaka Hitotsubashi University, Japan
Gaia Daldanise Italian National Research Council, Italy
Robertas Damasevicius Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Maria Danese ISPC, National Research Council, Italy
Bartoli Daniele University of Perugia, Italy
Motasem Darwish Middle East University, Jordan
Giulia Datola Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Regina de Almeida UTAD, Portugal
Elise de Doncker Western Michigan University, USA
Mariella De Fino Politecnico di Bari, Italy
Giandomenico De Luca Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria,
Italy
Luiza de Macedo Mourelle State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gianluigi De Mare University of Salerno, Italy
Itamir de Morais Barroca Filho Federal University of Rio Grande do
Norte, Brazil
Samuele De Petris Università di Torino, Italy
Marcilio de Souto LIFO, University of Orléans, France
Alexander Degtyarev St. Petersburg University, Russia
Federico Dell’Anna Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Marta Dell’Ovo Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Fernanda Della Mura University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Ahu Dereli Dursun Istanbul Commerce University, Turkey
Bashir Derradji University of Sfax, Tunisia
Giulia Desogus Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy
Marco Dettori Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
Frank Devai London South Bank University, UK
Felicia Di Liddo Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Valerio Di Pinto University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Joana Dias University of Coimbra, Portugal
Luis Dias University of Minho, Portugal
Patricia Diaz de Alba Gran Sasso Science Institute, Italy
Isabel Dimas University of Coimbra, Portugal
Aleksandra Djordjevic University of Belgrade, Serbia
Luigi Dolores Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy
Marco Donatelli University of Insubria, Italy
Doina Cristina Duma INFN-CNAF, Italy
Fabio Durastante University of Pisa, Italy
Aziz Dursun Virginia Tech University, USA
Juan Enrique-Romero Université Grenoble Alpes, France
Annunziata Esposito Amideo University College Dublin, Ireland
Dario Esposito Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Claudio Estatico University of Genova, Italy
Noelia Faginas-Lago Università di Perugia, Italy
Stefano Falcinelli University of Perugia, Italy
Alessandro Farina University of Pisa, Italy
Grazia Fattoruso ENEA, Italy
Luisa Fermo University of Cagliari, Italy
Florbela Fernandes Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Portugal
Rosário Fernandes University of Minho, Portugal
Luis Fernandez-Sanz University of Alcala, Spain
Alessia Ferrari Università di Parma, Italy
Luís Ferrás University of Minho, Portugal
Ângela Ferreira Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Portugal
Flora Ferreira University of Minho, Portugal
Manuel Carlos Figueiredo University of Minho, Portugal
Ugo Fiore University of Naples “Parthenope”, Italy
Amedeo Flora University of Basilicata, Italy
Hector Florez Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas,
Colombia
Maria Laura Foddis University of Cagliari, Italy
Valentina Franzoni Perugia University, Italy
Adelaide Freitas University of Aveiro, Portugal
Samuel Frimpong Durban University of Technology, South Africa
Ioannis Fyrogenis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Marika Gaballo Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Laura Gabrielli Iuav University of Venice, Italy
Ivan Gankevich St. Petersburg University, Russia
Ernesto Garcia Para Universidad del País Vasco, Spain,
Fernando Garrido Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador
Marina Gavrilova University of Calgary, Canada
Silvia Gazzola University of Bath, UK
Georgios Georgiadis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Andrea Gioia Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Dario Gioia ISPC-CNT, Italy
Raffaele Giordano IRSS, National Research Council, Italy
Giacomo Giorgi University of Perugia, Italy
Eleonora Giovene di Girasole IRISS, National Research Council, Italy
Salvatore Giuffrida Università di Catania, Italy
Marco Gola Politecnico di Milano, Italy
A. Manuela Gonçalves University of Minho, Portugal
Yuriy Gorbachev Coddan Technologies LLC, Russia
Angela Gorgoglione Universidad de la Repú blica, Uruguay
Yusuke Gotoh Okayama University, Japan
Anestis Gourgiotis University of Thessaly, Greece
Valery Grishkin St. Petersburg University, Russia
Alessandro Grottesi CINECA, Italy
Eduardo Guerra Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Ayse Giz Gulnerman Ankara HBV University, Turkey
Sevin Gümgüm Izmir University of Economics, Turkey
Himanshu Gupta BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Sandra Haddad Arab Academy for Science, Egypt
Malgorzata Hanzl Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Shoji Hashimoto KEK, Japan
Peter Hegedus University of Szeged, Hungary
Eligius M. T. Hendrix Universidad de Má laga, Spain
Edmond Ho Northumbria University, UK
Guan Yue Hong
Western Michigan University, USA
Vito Iacobellis Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Mauro Iacono Università degli Studi della Campania, Italy
Chiara Iacovino University of Basilicata, Italy
Antonino Iannuzzo ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Ali Idri University Mohammed V, Morocco
Oana-Ramona Ilovan Babeş-Bolyai University, Romania
Mustafa Inceoglu Ege University, Turkey
Tadashi Ishikawa KEK, Japan
Federica Isola University of Cagliari, Italy
Irena Itova University of Westminster, UK
Edgar David de Izeppi VTTI, USA
Marija Jankovic CERTH, Greece
Adrian Jaramillo Universidad Tecnoló gica Metropolitana, Chile
Monalisa Jena Fakir Mohan University, India
Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Issaku Kanamori RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Japan
Korhan Karabulut Yasar University, Turkey
Yeliz Karaca University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
Vicky Katsoni University of West Attica, Greece
Dimitris Kavroudakis University of the Aegean, Greece
Shuhei Kimura Okayama University, Japan
Joanna Kolozej Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Thales Körting INPE, Brazil
Tomonori Kouya Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
Sylwia Krzysztofik Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Shrinivas B. Kulkarni SDM College of Engineering and Technology,
India
Pavan Kumar University of Calgary, Canada
Anisha Kumari National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
Ludovica La Rocca University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Daniele La Rosa University of Catania, Italy
Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama University of Naples “Federico II”,
Italy
Mariusz Lamprecht University of Lodz, Poland
Vincenzo Laporta National Research Council, Italy
Chien-Sing Lee Sunway University, Malaysia
José Isaac Lemus Romani Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso,
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Federica Leone University of Cagliari, Italy
Alexander H. Levis George Mason University, USA
Carola Lingua Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy
Marco Locurcio Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Andrea Lombardi University of Perugia, Italy
Savino Longo University of Bari, Italy
Fernando Lopez Gayarre University of Oviedo, Spain
Yan Lu Western Michigan University, USA
Maria Macchiaroli University of Salerno, Italy
Helmuth Malonek University of Aveiro, Portugal
Francesca Maltinti University of Cagliari, Italy
Luca Mancini University of Perugia, Italy
Marcos Mandado University of Vigo, Spain
Ernesto Marcheggiani Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
Krassimir Markov University of Telecommunications and Post,
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Giovanni Martinelli INGV, Italy
Alessandro Marucci University of L’Aquila, Italy
Fiammetta Marulli University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Gabriella Maselli University of Salerno, Italy
Rytis Maskeliunas Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
Michele Mastroianni University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Cristian Mateos Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hideo Matsufuru High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
(KEK), Japan
D’Apuzzo Mauro University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy
Chiara Mazzarella University Federico II, Italy
Marco Mazzarino University of Venice, Italy
Giovanni Mei University of Cagliari, Italy
Mário Melo Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Francesco Mercaldo University of Molise, Italy
Alessandra Milesi University of Cagliari, Italy
Antonio Minervino ISPC, National Research Council, Italy
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Giuseppe Modica Università degli Studi di Reggio Calabria, Italy
Mohammadsadegh Mohagheghi Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan,
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Mohamad Molaei Qelichi University of Tehran, Iran
Mario Molinara University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy
Augusto Montisci Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy
Pierluigi Morano Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Ricardo Moura Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Maria Mourao Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Daichi Mukunoki RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Japan
Naohito Nakasato University of Aizu, Japan
Grazia Napoli Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
Isabel Cristina Natário Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Antonio Nesticò University of Salerno, Italy
Andreas Nikiforiadis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Keigo Nitadori RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Japan
Silvio Nocera Iuav University of Venice, Italy
Giuseppina Oliva University of Salerno, Italy
Arogundade Oluwasefunmi Academy of Mathematics and System
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Ken-ichi Oohara University of Tokyo, Japan
Tommaso Orusa University of Turin, Italy
M. Fernanda P. Costa University of Minho, Portugal
Roberta Padulano Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti
Climatici, Italy
Maria Panagiotopoulou National Technical University of Athens,
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Jay Pancham Durban University of Technology, South Africa
Gianni Pantaleo University of Florence, Italy
Dimos Pantazis University of West Attica, Greece
Michela Paolucci University of Florence, Italy
Eric Pardede La Trobe University, Australia
Olivier Parisot Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology,
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Vincenzo Pellecchia Ente Idrico Campano, Italy
Anna Pelosi University of Salerno, Italy
Edit Pengő University of Szeged, Hungary
Marco Pepe University of Salerno, Italy
Paola Perchinunno University of Cagliari, Italy
Ana Pereira Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
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Federica Pes University of Cagliari, Italy
Marco Petrelli Roma Tre University, Italy
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Angela Pilogallo University of Basilicata, Italy
Telmo Pinto University of Coimbra, Portugal
Luca Piroddi University of Cagliari, Italy
Darius Plonis Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
Giuliano Poli University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Maria João Polidoro Polytecnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Ioannis Politis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Antonio Pratelli University of Pisa, Italy
Salvatore Praticò Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Carlotta Quagliolo Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy
Emanuela Quaquero Univesity of Cagliari, Italy
Garrisi Raffaele Polizia postale e delle Comunicazioni, Italy
Nicoletta Rassu University of Cagliari, Italy
Hafiz Tayyab Rauf University of Bradford, UK
Michela Ravanelli Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Roberta Ravanelli
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Alfredo Reder Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici,
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Stefania Regalbuto University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Rommel Regis Saint Joseph’s University, USA
Lothar Reichel Kent State University, USA
Marco Reis University of Coimbra, Portugal
Maria Reitano University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
Jerzy Respondek Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Elisa Riccietti É cole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France
Albert Rimola Universitat Autò noma de Barcelona, Spain
Angela Rizzo University of Bari, Italy
Ana Maria A. C. Rocha University of Minho, Portugal
Fabio Rocha Institute of Technology and Research, Brazil
Humberto Rocha University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Miguel Rocha University of Minho, Portugal
Giuseppe Rodriguez University of Cagliari, Italy
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Marco Rossitti Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
Francesco Rotondo Marche Polytechnic University, Italy
Irene Rubino Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy
Agustín Salas Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso, Chile
Juan Pablo Sandoval Alcocer Universidad Cató lica Boliviana “San
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Luigi Santopietro University of Basilicata, Italy
Rafael Santos National Institute for Space Research, Brazil
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Mirko Saponaro Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy
Filippo Sarvia University of Turin, Italy
Marco Scaioni Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
Rafal Scherer Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland
Ester Scotto di Perta University of Napoli “Federico II”, Italy
Monica Sebillo University of Salerno, Italy
Patrizia Serra University of Cagliari, Italy
Ricardo Severino University of Minho, Portugal
Jie Shen University of Michigan, USA
Huahao Shou Zhejiang University of Technology, China
Miltiadis Siavvas Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
Brandon Sieu University of Calgary, Canada
Ângela Silva Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Carina Silva Polytechic Institute of Lisbon, Portugal
Joao Carlos Silva Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave, Portugal
Fabio Silveira Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Marco Simonetti University of Florence, Italy
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Michel Soares Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil
George Somarakis Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas,
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Maria Somma University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
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2. Because by nature we are strangers and far remote from
Christ, and salvation obtained by him, yea and after that we are
called unto Christ, we are not so perfectly conjoyned.
3. Because all Christian piety is nothing else, but a continuation

and renovation of this accesse unto Christ, and by Christ unto God.
In the hearing of the word we come unto Christ, as our Teacher; in
our prayers we come unto him as our advocate; in the administration
of the Lords Supper we come unto him as the Authour of a Kingly
mariage feast, Matthew 22. And all other duties do so depend upon
these, that looke how we approve our selves in these, such must we
needs be in the others also.
4. Because Christ cals and invites us especially unto this, to

come unto him, Matthew 11.28. John 7.37.
Vse 1. This may serve to convince all those of death and of

sinne, that have either no knowledge of Christ at all, or doe not
endeavour according to that knowledge which they have, to come
unto him, and partake of his grace.
2. To refute the Papists and such like, that draw men away from
Christ to the holy Angels, to the Pope, and to themselves.
3. To exhort us, alwayes to set Christ before us, as our marke

and scope, Philippians 3.8. &c.
Doctrine 13. We must come unto Christ as unto a living stone:
This is gathered from Verse 4. Now Christ is called a stone for

that firme power, whereby he doth sustaine and beare up the edifice
of the whole Church, Zachariah 4.7. And he is called, a living stone,
because that power whereby he doth beare up the Church is
quickning, and communicates spirituall and eternall life to the whole
edifice, John 5.26.
Reason 1. Because by sinne we were bereft of all life both the

principle and foundation of life, nor can it be restored unto us any
other way but in Christ.
2. Because unlesse we come unto Christ under this relation, we

do not imbrace him as he was ordained by God, and is proposed
unto us; and consequently we do not hold the true Christ, but a
feined and imaginary one.
3. Because our faith cannot rest satisfied but in him that hath this
strong power to quicken, for faith seekes life from a firme and
undeceiving principle.
Use 1. This may serve to refute that blasphemy of the Papists,

who will have the Pope, a dead stone, to be that rock or stone,
whereupon the Church is built. For Peter, under the pretence of
whose name the Pope challengeth this to himselfe never exhorted
the faithfull to come to him as unto a living stone, but unto Christ
only. And therefore Peter himselfe in these words explaines unto us,
what was the minde of Christ, Matthew 16.18. when he said: Thou
art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church, that is, upon this
living stone whom Peter at that time confessed to be the Son of the
living God, that is, the living stone. Now Peter and the Apostles
together with the Prophets may be called the foundation of the
Church by a Metonymy of the adjunct for the subject; because they
laid and preached Christ as the true foundation, Ephesians 2.20,21.
but the Popes can in no other respect challenge this unto
themselves, but as they are stones of offence and ruine.
2. To instruct us, wholly to depend upon Christ, and to put all our
confidence in him.
3. To exhort us, with all joy and rejoycing to helpe forward the
building of the Church upon Christ, shouting and crying out, as it is in
the Prophet Zachary, Grace, grace unto him.
Doctrine 14. Christ is refused by men, when they will not

come unto him as unto a living stone.
This is gathered from the fourth Verse. So Psalme 118.22. and
Luke 2.34.
Reason 1. Because he hath not that outward Majestie and

pompe wherewith naturall men are taken, Isaiah 53.3. 1 Corinthians
1.22,23.
2. Because men by nature are blinde, so that they cannot

perceive their owne misery extra Christum, out of Christ, nor that
salvation which is offered in Christ, 1 Corinthians 2.14.
3. Because they too much love themselves, and put trust in

themselves, so that they cannot endure that doctrine of Christ,
whereby they are called to deny and forsake themselves, and to put
their confidence in Christ alone.
Use 1. This may serve to informe us, that we should attribute

nothing to the world in those things which belong unto Christ.
2. To admonish us, not to trouble our mindes, for that the world is
averse from Christ and true faith.
3. To exhort us, patiently to beare it, if we be refused and scorned

by men; for the servant is not greater then his Master.
4. To instruct us to beware that we do not communicate in the

least respect with the world in refusing of Christ.
Doctrine 15. Christ was chosen and ordained by God, that he

should be exceeding precious unto us.
This is gathered from the fourth verse. Now we must understand

this so, as that we comprehend both the predestination of Christ, and
the sending of him into the world, and his unction, together with all
those testimonies, which were given by God unto this mysterie.
Reason 1. Because the love and mercy of God is so great

towards us: for so God loved the world, that he gave his Sonne, &c.
Iohn 3.16.
2. Because in the obedience of Christ God is well pleased,

Matthew 3.17.
3. Because Christ hath perfected and finished all those things,

which belong to our salvation and the glory of God.
Vse 1. This may serve to enforme us, that we ought to be

assured of this, that howsoever the world opposeth it selfe against
Christ, yet Christ shall prevaile and raigne for ever, because he is
chosen of God.
2. To comfort all the faithfull, that beleeve and put their

confidence in Christ, because they beleeve in him that was chosen
of God, to save them.
3. To exhort us, in all our practise throughout the whole course of

our lives, to make it appeare, that Christ is more precious to us, then
all the things in the world, Philippians 3.8. Proverbs 8.10,11.
Doct. 16. The faithfull are living members of the same

building, whereof Christ is the foundation.
This is gathered from the beginning of the 5. verse.
Reason 1. Because Christ together with all the faithfull makes

one mysticall body, 1 Corinthians 12.12.
2. Because being compacted in this body, they partake of the

very life of Christ, Ephesians 4.16.
3. Because they shew forth this life or power in bringing forth

fruits answerable thereunto, Iohn 15.5,16.
Vse 1. This may serve to comfort us, when we rightly esteeme of

the dignity of this condition, it will strengthen our mindes against all
the troubles that can befall us therein.
2. To exhort us, so to carry our selves as it becommeth those,
that are called to partake of the life of Christ.
Doctrine 17. By that union which all the faithfull have with
Christ, they are made spirituall temples, Priests, and sacrifices
acceptable to God.
This is gathered from the 5 verse.
Reason 1. Because God is in an especiall manner present with

them, and dwels in them by his Spirit and grace, as in his Temple,
2 Corinthians 6.16.
2. Because By the same spirit he makes them fit and ready to

performe those duties, that are more acceptable unto him, then were
ever any externall sacrifices, Psalme 51.18,19. Hebrews 13.16.
3. Because in performing these duties before God they do offer

and dedicate themselves wholly unto God.
Vse 1. This may serve to admonish us, to have a care

accordingly not to defile the Temple of God, 1 Corinthians 3.16,17.
that our Priesthood doth not dishonour God, and that our Sacrifices
be not lame, and maimed, and such as are not acceptable unto God.
2. To exhort us, to addict our selves wholly to Gods glory and his
worship; for God will be sanctified in those that draw neere him,
Leviticus 10.3.
3. To refute the Papists, that rob Christians of this honour, and

obtrude carnall Temples, priesthoods, and sacrifices upon God and
men in stead of spirituall.
Doctrine 18. Those duties which we performe in Christ are

acceptable unto God by Christ.
This is gathered from the 5 verse, at the end. But they are
acceptable not as merits, but as sacrifices of praise and
thanksgiving, as it is intimated in the Text.
Reason 1. Because by Christ our persons are reconciled unto

God, and received into the number of those whom God approves
and by whom he delights to be worshipped.
2. Because Christ covers our infirmities.
3. Because by his intercession our duties are commended unto

God.
Use 1. This may serve to comfort us, even when we looke upon
our owne infirmities, and the unworthinesse of all our performances.
2. To exhort us, to go cheerefully about the duties of piety,

because our worke shall not be in vaine in the Lord, 1 Corinthians
15.58.
Doctrine 19. The same Christ was after the same manner a
Saviour in the Old Testament, as he is in the New.
This is gathered from the sixth Verse.
Reason 1. Because he was a Lambe slaine from the foundation

of the world; according to the decree, promise, and acceptance of
God, and according to the faith and hope of the godly, Apocalypse
13.8.
2. Because the Catholick Church is but one, consisting of all the

faithfull from the beginning of the world, Hebrews 12.23.
Use 1. This may serve to refute those, that make the people of
Israel either to have beene altogether carnall, or to have beene
saved by the observation of the Law.
2. To exhort us to flye unto Christ, and to put our confidence in

him, in whom all the faithfull from the creation of the world did put
their trust, and by whom they were saved.
Doctrine 20. Christ is as it were the corner stone in the
building of the Church.
That is, he doth conjoyne, uphold and direct all the parts of the
building, or members of the Church.
Reason 1. Because he is the beginning or foundation of the

Church.
2. Because he unites those people that were before farre divided,

the Jewes and Gentiles.
3. Because he is the rule or line of direction in all the building that

tends to salvation.
Vse 1. This may serve to refute the blasphemy of the Papists,

whereby they make the Pope the head of the Church, and to that
purpose wrest this very title and words thereunto.
2. To instruct us, wholly to depend upon Christ for the direction of

our soules to everlasting life.
Doctrine 21. There is nothing at all that can be compared with

Christ our Saviour for dignity, use, and excellency.
This is gathered from these titles, elect and precious.
Reason 1. For the dignity of his person.
2. For the effectualnesse of his operation, in satisfaction, merit,

and application of those things which belong unto our salvation.
3. For the excellency of those benefits which redound unto the

Church by him.
Vse. This may serve to admonish us, to have no common conceit

of Christ, or to rest in a vulgar esteeme of him, but earnestly to
endeavour to conceive of him so, as his dignity and excellency doth
deserve.
Doctrine 22. No man that truly beleeveth in Christ, shall ever
be confounded, his expectation shall not be frustrated, his desire and
confidence shall not be in vaine.
Reason 1. Because Christ was appointed by God by a certaine

and immutable decree to be the Saviour of all those that beleeve in
him.
2. Because all power is given unto him both in heaven and earth.
Vse. This may serve to comfort us against those feares and

doubts that might weaken our faith.
Doctrine 23. The faithfull are not only delivered from misery,
but are also highly honoured by Christ.
This is gathered from the seventh verse at the beginning.
Reason. Because they are made partakers of Christs honour, for

in him they are made sonnes of God, heires of the everlasting
kingdome, spirituall Priests and Kings.
Vse 1. This may serve to reprove our blindnesse and dulnesse,

that cannot discerne and esteeme of this honour as wee ought, but
are set upon the honours of this world more then is fitting.
2. To exhort us, piously and seriously to glory in Christ and the

honour which we have in him, though for his sake the wicked world
reproach us.
Doctrine 24. As Christ is unto the ♦unbeleevers honour and

salvation, so he is unto the unbeleevers confusion and perdition.
♦ This should probably say “beleevers”, but I hestiate to

correct the author not knowing for sure his intent.
This is gathered out of the seventh Verse, Psalms 118.22. Isaiah
8.14. Matthew 21.42.
But this similitude doth not hold in all things. For first, the proper
end of Christ our Saviour was to save man, not to destroy him.
Secondly, Christ is the cause of faith in the beleevers, but he is not
the cause of unbeliefe in the unbeleevers, though something of
Christ may be the occasion of their unbeliefe; like as his humiliation
was both unto the Iewes and many of the Gentiles. Thirdly, Christ
merited salvation for the believers, and not they themselves; but the
unbelievers merit their owne perdition, and not Christ: but yet Christ
is truly said to be confusion and perdition to the unbelievers, 1. As
they take offence at him, and so runne headlong into their owne
destruction. 2. As he doth justly punish their infidelity and impiety, as
he is the just Iudge of all the world.
Reason 1. Because those unbelievers to whom Christ is offered,

in contemning his goodnesse, doe directly as it were provoke him to
use the greatest severity upon them.
2. Because by this meanes alone is the glory of God and of

Christ preserved, when his enemies are put under his feet.
Vse 1. This may serve to admonish us to beware of all infidelity.
2. To exhort us, when we compare our beliefe with the misery of

unbelievers, to learne to be thankfull unto God and to give him the
glory of it in Iesus Christ: for these ends is this amplification made in
the text.
Doctrine 25. Men come unto this confusion and perdition by

stumbling at the Doctrine of the Gospell.
This is gathered from the 8 Verse. Now men stumble at the word
of the Gospell, when they apprehend the Gospell to be such, that
they owe no assent and ♦subjection thereunto: so the Iewes were
offended at the infirmity of Christ crucified, 1 Corinthians 1.23. and
the Greekes at the foolishnesse of that word which bringeth
salvation, Ibid. For the Iewes, like as the Papists, with many others,
are offended, for that the Gospell requires them to deny their owne
righteousnesse and workes, and to seeke to be justified by Christ,
Romans 9.32.
♦ “subjecton” replaced with “subjection”
Reason 1. Because this offence is the cause of their infidelity.
2. Because it doth not produce a bare unbeliefe only, but

unbeliefe with contempt, so that they doe infinitely wrong Christ.
Vse. This may serve to admonish us, to beware that we doe not
in any thing stumble at the word of God, or conceive any thing in our
mindes, whereby we may be in the least respect alienated from it.
Doctrine 26. The infidelity and confusion of the wicked doth

not fall out by chance, but according as God had most certainly fore-
ordained it.
This is gathered from these words: whereunto also they are

appointed.
Reason 1. Because God is both the King and Lord of all living
creatures, so that nothing can happen unto them contrary to his will.
2. Because there can be no cause of their infidelity imagined,

which God did not foresee, or which he could not have hindred.
3. Because we also which do believe, were aliens from the faith

as well as they; neither did we make that difference betwixt our
selves and them, but God:
Vse. This may serve to direct us, that the infidelity of any others
whatsoever, may not deface our faith, we must give God the glory in
the dispensation of his grace, and appointing of things according to
his counsell, whose wayes are past finding out.
Doctrine 27. We should often call to mind that dignity,
whereunto we are called in Christ, and that, by comparing of it to that
misery wherein all unbelievers are plunged.
This is gathered from that repetition, Verse 9. which is used

comparatively by the dissimilitude that is betwixt it and the condition
of unbelievers, before described, as it is intimated in that word But.
Reason 1. Because we are called to spirituall joy, which is

chiefely increased by this meanes.
2. Because it belongs to the thanks which we ought to give unto

God.
3. Because it makes us cheerefull in the performing of all duties,

that we may be worthy of so excellent a calling.
Vse. This may serve to exhort us, to make this contemplation

familiar unto us.
Doctrine 28. The end of our calling, is to shew forth the

praises of God, that hath called us.
This is gathered from the ninth verse, that is, that we should
render unto God the glory which hee hath shewed unto us. 1. In the
inward thoughts and affections of our heart. 2. In the outward
profession of words. 3. In our actions throughout the whole
conversation of our lives. This is to sanctifie God, Isaiah 8.13.
Reason 1. Because this is that glory which may redound unto

God from us, or from our calling.
2. Because our calling it selfe tends thereunto, that we should

turne unto God, seeke God, glorifie God.
3. Because this is very profitable for us.
Use 1. This may serve to refute those, that take care of nothing
lesse: they shew that they are not yet partakers of effectuall calling.
2. To stirre us up more and more to fulfill this duty.
Doctrine 29. That state into which we are translated by our

calling, is a state of marvellous light.
This is gathered from the 9 Verse at the end, Iohn 1.8. Now it is
called light, both for the illumination of the mind, which it brings; and
for the comfort of heart, which we receive thereby: and it is called
marvellous, because it farre surpasseth all worldly knowledge, and
whatsoever the naturall man can conceive.
Vse. This may serve to us, to carry our selves answerable to this
light, and to walke in it, not according to the common fashion, but
marvellously.
Doctrine 30. It is very profitable for us alwayes to compare our

present happy condition, with the misery that is past.
This is gathered from the tenth verse.
Reason 1. Because contraria juxta se posita magis elucescunt,

contraries being put one by another, make each other to appeare
more cleerely.
2. Because it tends to our humiliation.
3. Because it makes us to commiserate others, and to shew

meekenesse towards them. Titus 3.2,3,4.
4. Because it makes us to be the more thankfull unto God.

1 Timothy 1.12,13.
Vse. This may serve to admonish us, never to forget that misery
which did hang over our heads.
Verse 11. Dearely beloved, I beseech you, as strangers and pilgrims,

abstaine from fleshly lusts, which warre against the Soule,
Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles.
Verse 12. That whereas they speake against you, as evill doers, they
may by your good workes which they shall behold, glorifie God
in the day of visitation.
The Analysis.
H ere the Apostle doth in generall exhort to lead such a life as is

answerable to that happy condition, which was spoken of
before: Now this life consists of two parts: The one is abstinence
from evill, abstaine from fleshly lusts; the other is, to follow that
which is good, having your conversation honest. The first of which he
doth perswade them unto by an argument taken 1. From the
disagreement that is betwixt the Godly, and the fleshly lusts of this
world in respect of their state and condition, because in this world,
they are strangers and Pilgrims, and therefore they ought not to set
their hearts and desires upon this world, but upon another. 2. From
the danger that hangs over them, from the desires of this world,
because they tend to the destruction of their soules, in these words,
which warre against the Soule. The second part together with the
former, he doth perswade them unto, by an argument taken from
those witnesses which they ought to have regard of in their
conversation; among the Gentiles, by whose testimony hee shewes
there will a twofold benefit arise from their honest conversation.
1. That they will cease to speake against them as evill doers.
2. That in beholding their good workes, they will not only give
them an honest testimony, but they will also glorifie God for them;
which benefit is shewed by the adjunct of time, wherein it should be
expected, to wit, in the day of visitation: Now this whole exhortation,
that it might be the more effectuall, and the more acceptable unto
them, is set forth with a double affection, in the manner of proposing
it; of love or charity, in that title which is given unto them, Dearely
beloved; and of humility, in that he doth not so much ♦ command
these things, as intreat them, I beseech you.
♦ “commad” replaced with “command”
The Doctrines arising herehence.
Doctrine 1. All the faithfull are strangers and pilgrims in this

world.
Reason 1. Because their father, and their countrey is not here,

but in heaven.
2. Because they doe not desire to stay long here.
3. Because their wealth and their friends are not in this world.
4. Because the world accounts them strangers, and that because

their conversation is not according to the fashion of the world.
Use 1. This may serve to admonish us, not to place our

inheritance or our treasure in the things of this World.
2. To exhort us, to lift up our hearts alwayes towards our

heavenly countrey; and to gaine all those things, that may helpe us
forward and further us in our journey thereunto.
Doctrine 2. All the faithfull ought to abstaine from the lusts ♦of
the flesh.
♦ duplicated word removed “of”
But by this phrase are signified not only the inclinations of the
body, but all those that belong to the old man: for there is something
to be sanctified even in the very spirit of our minds, 1 Thessalonians
5.23. and therefore some lust of the flesh is seated in the spirit; but
these lusts are in generall said to be of the flesh, because they are
most of all manifested in those things which belong to the body and
the flesh: for most men care for and looke after nothing else almost
but those things that belong to this present life.
Reason 1. Because the flesh together with the lusts thereof was
crucified with Christ.
2. Because all the faithfull in their baptisme and by their

profession have denyed the flesh.
3. Because our lusts are deceitfull. Ephesians 4.22.
Because they lead unto death. Galatians 6.8. Romans 8.6,13.
Vse. This may serve to admonish us, above all things to apply
our selves unto this study.
Doctrine 3. The lusts of the flesh warre against the soule.
Reason 1. Because they spoile the perfection of the soule, which

consists in the image of God.
2. Because they doe either quench or grieve the holy Spirit, upon
whom the comfort of the soule doth depend. Ephesians 4.30.
1 Thessalonians 5.19.
3. Because they cause the Death of the soule, and lead

thereunto.
Vse 1. This may serve to direct us, alwayes to thinke upon our
spirituall warfare, and accordingly in all things to carry our selves, as
it becommeth the good Souldiers of Christ.
2. To admonish us, to take speciall heed of those enemies which

we have within our selves; those enemies that are without can doe
us no hurt, if those that are within have not power over us, and so
doe as it were give us up into their hands.
Doctrine 4. To abstaine from fleshly lusts, is the way to make

our conversation honest.
Reason 1. Because all filthynesse proceeds from the lusts of the
flesh.
2. Because the true honour and honesty of a man consists in that

spirituall victory which he hath over himselfe.
3. Because by overcomming the lusts of the flesh, the way is

made easie to all vertues and good duties.
Use 1. This may serve to refute and reprove those men, that
seeke for honour and dignity by pampering the flesh, & obeying the
lusts thereof.
2. To exhort us, cheerfully to oppose our selves against the lusts

of the flesh, for this very cause, because it is a most honest thing.
Doctrine 5. The faithfull should have a care to live honestly,

not only amongst the faithfull, but also amongst the unbelieving
Gentiles.
This is gathered from these words, among the Gentiles; Which

notwithstanding we must so understand, that we doe not follow all
those things that seeme honest unto them, nor omit those things that
doe displease them; but only that we shew forth a true evidence of
our piety, love and righteousnesse in our conversation.
Then againe, that thereby their consciences may be convinced,

that the way, which we goe, is in that respect at least praise-worthy,
and to be approved.
Reason. This we ought to doe. 1. For Gods sake and his glory.
2. For our owne sakes and our owne comfort.
3. For the unbeleevers sake, to draw them unto true piety.
Vse. This may serve to refute and reprove those, that under
colour of contemning fame, contemne vertue.
Doctrine 6. It it the property of unbeleevers, to seeke occasion
to speake against the faithfull, as if they were wicked.
This is gathered from the 12. verse, at the beginning. Now there
are two kinds of such obloquies. 1. When they speake all manner of
evill for Christs sake, for faith and righteousnesse sake, chapter 4.
verse 14. Matthew 5.11. 2. When they find some occasion in the
defects of the faithfull, and observe something in their lives, which
they may justly taxe. This also admits of a two fold difference; for
sometimes such is the impiety of those that professe the true faith,
that it gives scandall to the unbeleevers, Romans 2.24. and
sometimes they take occasion from the infirmities that are incident to
the faithfull, to condemne their profession.
Reason 1. Because there is an inveterate enmity betwixt the

children of the light, and the children of darknesse.
2. Because in this respect men flatter themselves, and in some

sort seeme better and happier, when they make others, that would
seeme better, either to be like themselves, or worse then
themselves.
3. Because by this meanes they seeme to bring some prejudice

against the very doctrine of piety, which the wicked hate.
Use. This may serve to admonish us, 1. To take speciall heed,

that we have no communion with unbeleevers, in this
maliciousnesse, that is, that we doe not willingly seeke or take
occasion to speake against the Godly; for this is a certaine marke of
impiety.
2. To beware also, that we give no occasion to the wicked, either

to speake against our persons or our professions.
Doctrine 7: Good workes alone doe stop the mouthes of the

wicked.
This is gathered from the 12. verse: at the middle.

Reason 1. Because men, especially unbeleevers, cannot judge of
us, but by the works which they see.
2. Because the sincerity of our religion properly appeares in our

works.
Vse. This may serve to exhort us, alwayes to endeavour to bring

forth good works.
Doctrine 8. The good works of the faithfull make others also to

glorifie God.
This is gathered from the 12. verse at the end. So Matthew 5.16.
Reason 1. Because by this meanes they are convinced of the

truth of our religion, whose author is God.
2. Because thereby they are drawne also to embrace the same

religion, and to cleave unto God.
3. Because they are moved and stirred up to give God thanks, for
those things that were the meanes of their conversion.
Vse. This may serve to exhort us, to use this argument to stir up
our selves to the practise of good works, because they make not
only for our owne salvation, but for the glory of God also.
Doctrine 9. We must looke for a day of visitation, that men

may glorifie God therein.
This is gathered from the 12. verse at the end. But the day of
visitation may be understood either in judgement, or in grace and
mercy. Here it is to be understood of the grace of God. So Luke
1.68.
Reason. Because without grace there is no inclination in the

heart of man to glorifie God. The tree must be good, that shall bring
forth good fruit; Men doe not gather grapes of thornes, or figges of
thistles, Matthew 7.16,17.
Vse. This may serve to admonish us, to use all patience and
meeknesse towards the wicked, alwayes provided, that we doe not
faile in our duty to seeke their conversion. 2 Timothy 2.25.
Verse 13. Submit your selves therefore to every ordinance of man for
the Lords sake; whether it be to the King, as supreme;
Verse 14. Or unto Governours, as unto them that are sent by him; for
the punishment of evill doers, and for the praise of them that do
well.
Verse 15. For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to
silence the ignorance of foolish men.
Verse 16. As free, and not using your liberty for a cloake of
maliciousnesse, but as the servants of God.
Verse 17. Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Feare God. Honour
the King.
The Analysis.
I n these words the Apostle sheweth that particular part of

obedience, which did in a speciall manner pertaine to the
honesty of the faithfull among the Gentiles, that is, subjection to the
Magistrates, which some at that time did begin to cast off, as not
agreeing with Christian liberty. Now this subjection he doth.
1. Generally command and direct us unto, to performe it for religion
sake towards God, verse 13. 2. By a distribution of the object, to wit,
that we ought to performe it, not only to the King and the supreme
Magistrate, but also to the governours that are sent by him. Verse
13,14. 3. He doth perswade us thereunto, 1. From the end of this
ordinance, to wit, that it is to represse and punish the evill doers, and
to preserve and cherish the good verse 14. at the end. 2. From the
efficient cause, or command of God, verse 15. 3. From the end and
benefit of performing this subjection, to wit, to stop the mouthes of
the enemies, who are described by their ignorance and their
foolishnesse, verse 15. 4. He removes an objection that might be
made against it, about Christian liberty, verse 16. Where he
distinguisheth betwixt faigned liberty, which is joyned with
maliciousnesse; and true liberty, that makes men to be addicted unto
the service of God: Now that this subjection to superiours belongs to
the service of God, he shewes verse 17. by a short repetition of
those precepts, that belong to this and the like duties.
Here a Question may be made.
Question. Why is the Magistracy called an ordinance of man

verse 13. seeing all powers are ordained of God, and every power is
the ordinance of God, Romans 13.1,2.
Answer. The superiority of power, or government it selfe is simply

and absolutely commanded by God, and in that respect is called the
ordinance of God; but this or that speciall manner of power or
government is not determined by God, but by men; and is therefore
called an ordinance of man, which as touching the nature of it, may
also be called an ordinance of God: And this is the difference betwixt
an Ecclesiasticall and a civill office. An Ecclesiasticall office is not
legitimate, if it be not directly determined by God himselfe, and
consequently cannot be changed by men: but this or that civill office
may be made & changed by men. And the reason of the difference is
this, because God and Christ alone hath dominion and power in
spirituall matters; but in civill matters men are also Gods, though not
absolute.
The Doctrines arising from this.
Doctrine 1. The duties of righteousnesse towards men, doe

much commend our religion towards God.
This is gathered from the connexion of these words with the

foregoing words, in that particle therefore. So Iames 1.27.
Reason 1. Because they are the effects of religion; Now the

vertue of the cause doth alwayes appeare in the effect.

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Computational Science and Its

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Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision 4th Chinese

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Computational Science and Its

Ana Maria A. C. Rocha

Carmelo Maria Torre

ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349

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Application of Numerical Analysis to Imaging

Advances in Information Systems and Technologies

Advances in Web Based Learning (AWBL 2021)

Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers: Technologies

Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM

Computational and Applied Statistics (CAS 2021)

Computerized Evaluation of Economic Activities:

Computational Geometry and Applications (CGA

Collaborative Intelligence in Multimodal

Computational Optimization and Applications (COA

Computational Astrochemistry (CompAstro 2021)

Computational Science and HPC (CSHPC 2021)

Cities, Technologies and Planning (CTP 2021)

Advanced Modeling E-Mobility in Urban Spaces

Digital Transformation and Smart City (DIGISMART

Econometric and Multidimensional Evaluation in

The 11th International Workshop on Future

Transformational Urban Mobility: Challenges and

Geodesign in Decision Making: Meta Planning and

Geomatics in Forestry and Agriculture: New

Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial

Geomatics for Resource Monitoring and

12th International Symposium on Software Quality

10th International Workshop on Collective, Massive

Land Use Monitoring for Sustainability (LUMS 2021)

Machine Learning for Space and Earth Observation

Building Multi-dimensional Models for Assessing

Ecosystem Services: Nature’s Contribution to People

Privacy in the Cloud/Edge/IoT World (PCEIoT 2021)