Inglés

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Tabla de contenido
Tenses system 3
Negative and questions (2do parcial) 4
Antonyms (2do parcial) 5
Future tenses 6
Expresions of quantity 8
Comercial 9
Compound words 9
Casual conversations in English 10
Presesnt perfect (simple and continuous) 11
Make and Do phrasal verbs 19
Narrative tenses 23
Talking about places 30
Modal verbs 31
Echo and Reply questions 32

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Tenses system
Auxiliary verbs
BE: am, is, are, was, were, being, been, will be
HAVE: has, had, having, will have
DO: does, did, will do
The tenses
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
simple I walked I walk I will walk
continuous I was walking. I am walking. I will be walking
perfect I had walked. I have walked. I will have walked
Present tenses in present
Simple present (subject+verb...) (subject+do/does +not+ verb+ to be+not)
(do/does+subject+verb)
examples:
right now: I feel happy
regularly: I run every Friday
negative: Andrea doesn't agree with me
questions: Do you know how to make cookies?
Present continuous (subject+verb to be+verb ing)
happening right now, frequently and may continues in the future
example:
future: they are eating at Karol's house tonight
right now: Alice is warming up while the rest of us warm up in the car
DYNAMIC: show action or progress
example:
My sister is arriving on Mother's Day
I am crying my eyes out
STATIVE: state of being
example:
My aunt likes better the blueberry pie

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Present perfect (subject+have/has+verb past participle) (have/has+not+verb past participle)
(have/has+subject+verb past participle)
Past actions that started in the past that can continue in the present (have and has)
example:
Veronica has become like part of the family
negative: she has not gotten her acceptance letter
questions: Has the party started?

Present perfect continuous (subject+have/has+been+ verb ing)

example:
I have been traveling lately
Melissa has been happy lately
I have owned a dog since 2009

Negative and questions (2do parcial)

activity 2:
page 41 Questions
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Task 2
1. Who has left this light on all night?
2. How often will we need to change the battery?
3. You have any idea from who this text is?
4. Do you know what time is the match on?
5. Haven't we seen this film before?
6. Have you seen what Keri has done with her hair?
Negative questions

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Task 3
1. Surprise
2. Cheking information
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Surprised!
Don't you like ice cream?
Can't you swim?
Have you got a new smartphone?
Did you watch the match last night?
Juct checking
Is your birthday next week?
You play piano, right?
You worked in Berlin once?
Have you got twins?

Antonyms (2do parcial)

Task 1
Unreliable
Improbable
Irresponsable
Illegal
Dishonest
Incredible
Task 2: book page 47, exercice 2, 3, 4:
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1. abused - used cruelly or badly
2. disused - not used any more
3. unused - not ever used
4. misused - used in the wrong way
5. overused - used too much
6. underused - not used enough

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Word Antonym
1. tiny huge, enourmous, big
2. happiness depresion, angry, sadness
3. guilty innocent, good
4. safe unsafe, danger
5. allow disallow, deny, disagree
6. improve worsing
7. sincere insincere, dishonest, false
8. success unsuccess, failure
9. mature inmature, childish
10. encourage discourage
11. generous selfish, unkind
12. appear disappear, vanish

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1. A successful
B failure
2. A generous
B meanies
3. A improvement, worse
B encouraging
4. A overused
B misuse
5. A guilty
B innocent

Future tenses
1. What are your plans for this afternoon?
Lucia: She will go to her athletism practice.
2. What are your plans for this weekend?
Lucia: She has two options, either go to a party or a firned's house.

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 3. What do you think you'll be doing 5 years from now?
Lucia: Hopefully she will be studying fashion at Parsons University.
4. Will you have gotten married by 2035?
Lucia: She hopes for that to happen.
5. Will robots have replaced teachers by 2050? Why?
Lucia: Possibly but she thinks that teaching needs emotion.

Future prediction
Future simple:
Will: Express instant promises, requests, refusals, offers. Future conditionals. No
evidence.
Subject + will/won't + base form of the verb
Example: I will call my grandparents this weekend. (Instant decision)
Be going to: Express plans and intentions. Future prediction. With evidence.
Subject + am/is/are + going to + base in form of the verb
He's going to do exercise tomorrow morning. (Intention)
Future continuous
Subject + will + be + verb ING
Actions in progress at certain time in the future.
Future plans and arrangements.
Example: This time next week, I will be traveling to Paris. (Actions in progress)

Future perfect
Talk about actions or events that will be completed before a specific future time.
Subject + will have + past participle

Future perfect continuous

Talk about ongoing actions or events that will continue up until a specific future time.
Subject + will have been + verb ING

Present simple
Talk about scheduled events in the future, especially when using timetables or fixed
schedules.
Subject + base form of the verb
Example: The conference starts on Monday.

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Present continuous
Talk about future arrangements or plans that are already confirmed.
Subject + am/is/are + verb ING
Example: He is meeting her friends for dinner tonight. (Arrangements)

Expresions of quantity
+ A lot of, a few, several, a little bit of,
- Not enough
Quantity words:
Few, some: 2 or more
Several: 3 or more
Lots of, many, plenty: 4 or more
Hardly any, little, a bit: close to 0
None: 0
Countable: if something is countable in singular we use a/an.
Are is used for countable nouns in plural. (Ex: There are tables)
Is is used for uncountable nouns which are always singular. (Ex: There is information)
Example: an apple, two apples, three apples, a chair
Uncountable:
Example: water, coffee, money

Questions with cuantity:

How much...?
Used for uncountable nouns.
How money...?

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Few and little mean some, but it's usually used for negative connotation to mean not as much
as may be expected or wished for.
Example: Few people came to the party.
A few and a little means a small quantity still, but it is used for positive situations only.

Comercial
1. What is the comercial about?
Burger king
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A car
1. Do you think the strategy was good or bad?
I think it was scary but good.
I was aboout to cry but I didn't understood very well what the ad wanted to show me.
I think it wasn't that good.
1. How many ads do you see per day? What type of ads are they? Do you have a favorite
ad?
I think I see at least

Compound words
Nouns and adjectives

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Nouns: people, places or things. They can also refer to ideas and other abstract objects.
Adjective: they give more info about a noun or a person, they describe it.
Compound word: two or more words linked together to produce a word with a new meaning.
They can be written as 1 word. Example: father-in-law, lifestyle, life expectancy, heartbroken,
heart-warming.

Casual conversations in English

can't make it: isn't able to .
how come: why?/for what reason .
take it easy: relax/rest .
I don't think I'll bother with: I'm not interested in
I was just passing: I was walking past/I was in the area .
drop in: visit for a short time .
don't feel up to: not well enough or prepared for .
great stuff!: brilliant/fantastic .
swing it: manage to achieve/arrange
that's as maybe: that may be true but is not the main point .

Activity 1:
1- b
2- d
3- e
4- a
5- c
6- g
7- h
8- f
Activity 2:
Where are the people? Do they know each other?
R= They are at the train station and they don't know each other.

Activity 3:

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A= Hello, I was just passing by and I wanted to drop in to see if you can make it to my dinner
tonight since you didn't reply.
B= That's as maybe.
A= How come?
B= I don't feel up to going out. Besides I think my partner can't make it, he's working a double
shift tonight, he just got promoted.
A= Oh don't worry, take it easy. Great stuff with your husband!
B= Thank you! It was great seeing you, hope you have a nice dinner. Swing it!
A= Bye, love you.

Presesnt perfect (simple and continuous)

Relates past actions to the present

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Make and Do phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a word combination that consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb,
or both together.

DO:
General actions and obligations
constant activities
Example: Do good in the exam

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MAKE:
Create something manually
Talk about progress and plans
Example: Make up your mind, make a list

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Narrative tenses
Used to tell a story, anecdote or something that happened in the past.
Simple past

Past continuous: when something interrupts the action you were doing

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Past perfect

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Past perfect continuous

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Activity: Write 3 sentences about you using these structures (2 tenses per sentence)
1. I was studying for my math exam when my parents decided we were going to the movies.
2. My friends and I were hanging out when it started raining.
3. I used to play football every week since I was a little kid.

Extra activity: write a story (at least 80 words) using all the narrative tenses at least twice
each. Use all the words: microwave, maker, banana, song, raincoat, trash can, monkey,
school, cake.
Today I had the craziest day of my life; first in the morning, before going to school, I was hav‐
ing for breakfast a banana and a monkey jumped out of the trash can. It was really amazing
because I didn't expect it! The monkey was brown and small and it started jumping in every
direction you can imagine.
I got out quickly of my house to get to the school bus when it started raining, my day couldn't
get any better. My mom, my savior, called me from my house to give me my raincoat so I
wouldn't get wet; and my lunch, I always forget my lunch. On the way to school my favorite
song, "Iris" - The Goo Goo Dolls, was being played on the radio!
Back in my house, no one was home so I heated up my meal in the microwave, and for my
desert I ate the last slice of chocolate cake, it was so delicious.

Talking about places

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Task 5:
Last December, when I was 15, my hole family and I went on a 4 stars cruise from Buenos
Aires, Argentina and visited all the Patagonia until we got to Chile, Santiago de Chile. It was a
16 night trip and the days we didn't go off the cruise, we were in the middle of nowhere. The
room we had didn't have a 360 view but my aunt's room had a really nice view of the cruise
and the ocean; we used to go to their room just to see the views. My biggest joy was when we
saw penguins in Ushuaia, they were really cute, also when on the last day we saw a really
beautiful sunset saying goodbye to us and the thing that exited me the most was when we
were passing "The end of the world" which is the last part of the Patagonia.

Modal verbs
can: ability [I can speak english], permission [Can I go to the bathroom?], request [Can you
pass me the salt?]

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may: probability, permission, "more polite"
might: possibilities, permission
will: determination [I will help you], ask info [Will they make a second movie?], ask a favor
[Will you help me?]
could: past ability, permission, possibility
should: obligation [I should eat healthier], recommendation [you shouldn't work on sundays]
ought to: synonym of should
shall: same as will but more polite [I shall take the train], suggestions [Shall we meet at 10?],
options [shall we go to the movies or the museum?]
would
must/have to:
must: obligation, prohibit, necessity [you must not drink and drive], probability or assum‐
ing [John must be sick], rhetorical questions [ must you always be late?]

Echo and Reply questions

Activity:
Lucia: When I was younger I had two geese.
María: Two geese? Wow! And where did you keeped them?
Lucia: I kept them in my backyard.
María: In your backyard? And for how long did you have them?
Lucia: I had them for three years.
María: Did you? That's amazing!

María: Did you know that I almost broke my nose when I was four?
Lucia: Did you? What happened?
María: A stool felt on my face because I was playing with it.
Lucia: It felt? That's horrible.

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