STRUCTURES

IN
PRACTICE
NE 
W By
Gautam H. Oza

Edition : 1st Edition : 2018

ISBN : 9789385039348
Binding : Paperback
Pages : 626 + 20 = 646
` 1100.00 BUY Size (mm) : 279 x 30 × 203
Weight : 1300 g

ABOUT THE BOOK CONTENT

This book is an outcome of extensive experience of the author in a design office as a consulting 1 : CORBELS – BRACKETS AND SHEAR CONNECTORS
professional engineer. 2 : GRID SYSTEMS
3 : PORTAL FRAMES
The book deals with elements or systems which are significant parts of the “structure” as a ANNEX A3 : SHED FOR STORAGE OF
whole and some stand-alone structures. Some cogent information or case studies related to the LIGNITE – A CASE STUDY
chapter are given as Annexes to the respective chapter. 4 : VIERENDEEL FRAMES
Also included are several Design Aids and Appendices which the author found immensely 5 : STAIRS AND RAMPS
useful; hopefully, the design engineer will be at an advantage with these handily available. 6 : FOOTINGS – FOUNDATIONS
7 : RETAINING WALLS
Whereas most of the discussion in the book is related to RC (Reinforced Concrete) structures,
8 : TIEBACKS AND ANCHORS
some common and predominantly steel structures have been included viz. portal frames,
9 : SHEAR WALLS – AN INTRODUCTION
Vierendeel girders, chimneys and parking structures.
10 : CULVERTS
For easy reading, the book is divided into self-contained chapters dealing with each topic. 11 : UNDERGROUND WATER TANKS
It contains useful tables of data and is profusely illustrated with diagrams and photographs (ALSO WATER TREATMENT & SEWAGE TREATMENT
to assist the reader. Fundamental concepts are lucidly presented and derived and empirical PLANT STRUCTURES AND R.C. PIPES)
formulae given with clarity of underlying assumptions. 12 : OVERHEAD WATER TANKS
ANNEX A12 : PROPERTIES OF SHELLS OF REVOLUTION
Some case histories have been included. One is design of a large span (84.0 m) portal frame. 13 : SWIMMING POOLS
It gives the exact procedure that was followed while designing a large span portal frame, when ANNEX A13 : HYGIENE, SANITATION AND FILTRATION
posed with a peculiar problem during the professional practice. The aim in presenting this “case” IN SWIMMING POOLS
is to acquaint the readers to almost all the aspects of such a structure, with emphasis not only 14 : SILOS, BUNKERS AND HOPPERS
on the design but also on execution. Almost all the salient parameters related to the design and 15 : PARKING SHED STRUCTURES
execution are included. The second “case” is of another peculiar problem; making an opening 16 : CHIMNEYS
for an additional flue duct in an existing 100 m high RC chimney. The salient information ANNEX A16 : 4TH OPENING FOR FLUE IN EXISTING RCC
for planning and devising the scheme for execution is given. For both these cases, detailed CHIMNEY
drawings and the specific instruction sheets prepared for proper and fault free execution are 17 : MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
included. These are meant for the students with inquisitive minds and the practicing engineers 18 : PRESTRESSED CONCRETE – AN INTRODUCTION
seeking guidance when faced with not so usual problems. 19 : DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON CONCRETE
ANNEX A19-1 : CONCRETE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES
Some worked examples have been given in the book; these are given at the ends of the ANNEX A19-2 : DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE
respective chapters. These should help the engineer in dealing with the problems during (IN A SWITCHYARD) – A CASE STUDY
practice. DESIGN AIDS
APPENDICES
The book comprehensively covers the subject for degree courses (graduate and post-graduate)
REFERENCES
in engineering of all the Indian Universities and examinations of professional bodies. Written in
INDEX
a simple language, with illustrative references, it will be useful to students to grasp the subject
and to the practicing engineers in designing of the structures.

Catalogue Checklist
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 STRUCTURES IN PRACTICE
DETAILED CONTENTS
Chapter 1 CORBELS – BRACKETS AND SHEAR CONNECTORS Chapter 4 VIERENDEEL FRAME / TRUSS / GIRDER
1-1 General 4-1 Introduction
1-2 Brackets or Corbels 4-2 Choice of Trusses or Rolled Sections
1-2-1 Flexure 4-2-1 Use of Trusses in Buildings
1-2-2 Bearing 4-2-2 Types of Trusses
1-2-3 Diagonal Tension 4-2-2-1 Fink Truss
1-2-4 Splitting 4-2-2-2 Howe Truss
4-2-2-3 Pratt Truss
1-2-5 Horizontal Movement
4-2-2-4 Warren Truss
1-3 Detailing of Corbel
4-2-2-5 North Light Truss / Saw-Tooth Truss
1-4 Shear Friction
4-3 Vierendeel Trusses or Frames
1-5 American Method of Design 4-4 Analysis
1-6 Anchorage of Tensile Reinforcement 4-5 Connections
1-7 Shear Connectors 4-6 Why a Vierendeel?
1-8 Example 1-1 4-7 Cases of Vierendeel Application by Author
Chapter 2 GRID SYSTEMS 4-7-1 Photograph 4-1
2-1 General 4-7-2 Photograph 4-2
2-2 Types of Grids 4-7-3 Photograph 4-3
4-8 Example 4-1
2-3 Load Distribution in Grid Beams
2-3-1 Grid – Three × Three Panels Chapter 5 STAIRS AND RAMPS
2-3-2 Grid – Five × Five Panels 5-1 General
2-4 Rankine-Grashoff Approximate Analysis Method 5-2 Forms of Stairs
5-2-1 Stair Spanning along the Flight – with Waist Slab
2-5 Plate Theory Analysis Method
5-2-2 Stair Spanning along the Flight – with Beams at Ends of Flights
2-6 Flexibility and Stiffness Methods
5-2-3 Stair with One Stringer Beam
2-6-1 Flexibility Method
5-2-4 Stair with Two Stringer Beams
2-6-2 Stiffness Method 5-2-5 Stair with Three Flights and Open Stair Well
2-7 Stiffness Method of Structural Analysis 5-2-6 Stand Alone Stairs
2-8 Finite Element Method (FEM) 5-2-7 Stair on RC Pin
2-9 Conclusion 5-2-8 Spiral Stair
2-10 Example 2-1 5-2-9 Trussed Stair
Chapter 3 PORTAL FRAMES 5-2-10 Slabless Tread-Riser Stair
3-1 Introduction 5-2-10-1Stiffness and Carry-over Factors
3-2 Portal Frames 5-2-11 Helical Stairs
3-2-1 Behaviour 5-3 Ramp for Wheelchair Access
3-2-2 Types / Forms of Portal Frames 5-4 Cases of Stairs and Ramp by Author
3-2-3 Design Considerations 5-4-1 Photograph 5-1
3-2-4 Why Select Portal Frame as the Form of Structure? 5-4-2 Photograph 5-2
5-4-3 Photograph 5-3
3-3 Approximate Analysis for Lateral Loads
5-4-4 Photographs 5-4 and 5-5
3-4 Hinges – RC Portal Frames
5-5 Example 5-1
3-5 Portal Frames in Steel
3-5-1 Analysis of Steel Portal Frames Chapter 6 FOOTINGS – FOUNDATIONS
3-5-2 Rigid Frame Knees (or Haunches) 6-1 Foundations
3-5-3 Summary 6-1-1 Distribution of Pressure
3-5-4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Open-Web Portal Frames 6-1-2 Bearing Capacity
3-6 A Case Study 6-1-3 Settlement
3-7 Photographs 6-1-4 Uplift
3-8 Examples 6-1-5 Foundation Types
3-8-1 Example 3-1 6-1-6 Piers and Caissons
3-8-2 Example 3-2 6-2 Footings
6-2-1 Individual Footings
Annex A3 SHED FOR STORAGE OF LIGNITE – A CASE STUDY 6-2-2 Bearing Capacity – Bearing Pressures and Settlement
A3-1 General 6-2-3 Strip Footings
A3-2 Stockpile Capacities 6-2-4 Isolated Spread Footings
A3-3 Need for Covering Stockpiles 6-2-5 Combined Footings
A3-4 Dimensions, Analysis and Design 6-2-6 Split Footings
A3-4-1 Dimensions 6-3 Raft Foundations
A3-4-2 Geometry – Inner Dimensions 6-3-1 Types of Rafts
A3-4-3 Design Loads 6-3-2 Stability and Settlement of Raft Foundations
A3-4-4 Analysis 6-3-3 Design of Rafts
A3-4-5 Design 6-3-3-1 Rigid Method
A3-4-6 Foundations 6-3-3-2 Elastic Plate Method
A3-4-7 Structural Steel Quantities 6-3-3-3 Finite Difference Method
A3-5 Erection of Portal Frames 6-3-3-4 Finite Element Method
A3-6 Additional Features 6-3-3-5 General
A3-7 Figures 6-4 Example 6-1

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 STRUCTURES IN PRACTICE
DETAILED CONTENTS
Chapter 7 RETAINING WALLS 10-9 Method of Distribution Coefficients
7-1 Introduction 10-9-1 Longitudinal Moments
7-2 Forces Acting on Earth Retaining Wall 10-9-2 Transverse Moments
7-3 Stability Considerations 10-10 Box Culvert
7-4 Earth Pressures 10-10-1 Loads on Box Culvert
7-4-1 Earth Pressure Equations of Common Use 10-11 Example 10-1
7-4-2 Earth Pressure Coefficients
Chapter 11 UNDERGROUND WATER TANKS (ALSO WATER
7-4-3 Cohesive Soils
TREATMENT & WASTE WATER TREATMENT
7-4-4 Passive Earth Pressures
PLANT STRUCTURES AND RC PIPES)
7-5 Drainage and Weep Holes
11-1 General
7-6 Hydraulic Pressure
11-2 Water Tightness
7-7 Selection of Type of the Wall
11-3 Concrete Quality and Curing
7-8 Gravity Walls
11-4 Joint Details and Placement
7-9 Reinforced Concrete Walls
11-4-1 Construction Joint
7-9-1 Types of Reinforced Concrete Walls
11-4-2 Contraction Joint
7-9-2 Pressure on Reinforced Concrete Walls
11-4-3 Expansion Joint
7-9-3 Stability of Retaining Walls
11-4-4 Reinforcing for Shrinkage
7-9-4 Base Width
7-9-5 T-Shaped Retaining Walls 11-5 Design Parameters / Design Considerations
7-9-6 Counterfort Type Retaining Walls 11-5-1 Loads
7-9-7 Anchored Retaining Walls 11-5-2 Foundations
7-9-8 Anchorages (or Deadman) 11-5-3 Structural Design Parameters
7-10 Example 7-1 11-6 Design of Circular Tanks
11-6-1 Edge Conditions
Chapter 8 TIEBACKS AND ANCHORS 11-6-2 Side Walls – Shrinkage and Tension
8-1 Introduction 11-7 Design of Rectangular Tanks
8-2 Tiebacks 11-7-1 Loads and Analysis of Walls
8-3 Anchors with Normal Pressure Grouts 11-7-2 Loadings and Analysis of Floors and Roofs
8-4 High Pressure Grouts 11-7-3 Foundations
8-5 Anchors with High Pressure Grouts 11-8 Some Underground Water Tanks – Constructed / Actual
8-5-1 Load Capacity of Anchors 11-9 Large Water Reservoirs
8-6 Tendons 11-10 Water Treatment Plant and Waste Water Treatment Plant
8-6-1 Factor of Safety 11-10-1 Water Treatment Plant
8-6-2 Testing 11-10-2 Waste Water Treatment Plant
8-7 Creep and Cyclic Loading 11-11 Appurtenant Structures
8-8 Corrosion Protection 11-11-1 Control Structures
8-9 Uplift 11-11-2 Pumping Stations
Chapter 9 SHEAR WALLS – AN INTRODUCTION 11-11-3 Vibrations
9-1 General 11-11-4 Corrosion Protection
9-1-1 Advent of High Rise Buildings 11-11-4-1 Chlorination
9-1-2 High Strength Materials 11-11-4-2 Coatings
9-1-3 New Design Concepts 11-12 Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) Pipes
9-1-4 New Structural Systems 11-12-1 Stresses in Pipe – Own Weight
9-1-5 Improved Construction Methods 11-12-2 Stresses in Pipe – Water Inside
9-2 Wind – Earthquakes – Serviceability 11-12-3 Stresses in Pipe – Earth Fill over Haunches
9-2-1 Wind Forces 11-12-4 Stresses in Pipe – Uniformly Distributed Load on Top
9-2-2 Earthquake Effects 11-12-5 Stresses in Pipe – Uniform Pressure from Sides
9-2-3 Wind and Earthquake 11-12-6 Stresses in Pipe – Varying Pressure from Sides
9-2-4 Serviceability Criteria 11-12-7 Stresses in Pipe – Point Load at Crown
9-3 Buildings with Shear Walls 11-12-8 Pipes Supported on Quarter Circumference
9-4 Coupled Shear Wall Structures 11-12-9 Stresses in Pipes – Summary
9-5 Frame – Shear Wall Structures 11-12-10 Reinforcement and Pipe Thickness
9-6 Analysis – Continuum Approach 11-13 Examples
9-7 Analysis for Lateral Loads 11-13-1 Example 11-1
9-8 Proportioning of Shear Walls 11-13-2 Example 11-2
9-9 Applications
Chapter 12 OVERHEAD WATER TANKS
Chapter 10 CULVERTS 12-1 General
10-1 General 12-2 Components in Overhead Tanks
10-2 Loading 12-2-1 Container
10-3 Culverts with Slab-Beam Deck 12-2-2 Supporting Systems
10-4 Effective Width Method 12-2-3 Foundations
10-5 Slabs Supported on Four Edges – Pigeaud’s Coefficients 12-3 Container
10-6 Westergaard’s Method 12-4 Circular Tanks
10-7 Shear Force 12-4-1 Case 1 – Tank Open at Top and Monolithic / Rigid at Base
10-8 Load Distribution in Beams 12-4-2 Case 2 – Tank Wall Monolithic with Base and Roof

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 STRUCTURES IN PRACTICE
DETAILED CONTENTS
12-4-3 Case 3 – Tank Wall Monolithic with Domical or Conical Annex A13 HYGIENE, SANITATION AND FILTRATION IN
Base and Roof SWIMMING POOLS
12-4-4 Reissener’s Approximate Method A13-1 Hygiene – Contaminants and Disease
12-4-5 Flat Bottoms of Circular Tanks A13-1-1 Sanitation Methods
12-5 Behaviour of Container Elements A13-1-2 Prevention of Diseases in Swimming Pools
12-5-1 Membrane Analysis A13-1-3 Disinfection Methods
12-5-1-1 Top Dome A13-1-3-1 Chlorine and Bromine Methods
12-5-1-2 Ring Beam AA A13-1-3-2 Copper Ion System
12-5-1-3 Tank Wall A13-1-3-3 Other Systems
12-5-1-4 Ring Beam CC and Conical Shell A13-2 Filtration Units / Media
12-5-1-5 Bottom Dome and Ring Beam BB A13-2-1 Sand
12-5-2 Secondary Analysis A13-2-2 Diatomaceous Earth
12-5-3 Summary A13-2-3 Cartridge Filters
12-5-4 Author’s Observations A13-3 Water Pumps and Consecutive Dilution
12-6 Rectangular Tanks Chapter 14 SILOS, BUNKERS AND HOPPERS
12-6-1 Walls 14-1 Bins – Silos and Bunkers
12-6-2 Bottom Slab and Roof 14-2 Design Parameters – Material Properties
12-7 Supporting Systems for Tanks – Columns 14-3 Loadings
12-7-1 Loads on Columns 14-3-1 Bin Loads – IS:4995
12-7-2 Bending Moments in Columns 14-4 Airy’s Theory
12-7-3 Axial Forces due to Wind 14-4-1 Shallow Bins or Bunkers
12-8 Supporting System for Tanks – Columns with Bracings 14-4-2 Deep Bins or Silos
12-8-1 Analysis of Bracings 14-5 Janssen’s Theory
12-9 Supporting System for Tanks – Shaft 14-6 Sloping Bottom – Cylindrical Silos
12-10 Foundations 14-6-1 Ring Beam
12-11 Some Overhead Water Tanks – Constructed / Actual 14-6-2 Secondary Stresses
12-12 Architectural Drawings 14-7 Rectangular Bunkers
12-13 Overhead Water Tanks – Some Possible Designs 14-7-1 Rectangular Bunkers with High Side Walls
12-14 Example 12-1 14-7-2 Battery of Bunkers with High Side Walls
12-14-1 Container Conical Bottom 14-7-3 Battery of Bunkers with Low Side Walls
12-14-1-1 Hoop Tension 14-7-4 Rectangular Bunkers with Sloping Bottom
12-14-1-2 Container Bottom – Compression 14-8 Discussion – Maximum Pressures, Flow and Safety
12-14-2 Ring Beam at Bottom of the Conical Bottom 14-8-1 Maximum Pressures in Silos
12-14-3 Calculation of Wind Loads and Estimation of Vertical Loads 14-8-1-1 Pressure Reducing Devices
12-14-3-1 Wind Loads 14-8-2 Modes of Flow in Bins and Silos of Symmetrical Geometry
12-14-3-2 Vertical Loads 14-8-3 Safety
12-14-4 Calculation of Loads due to Earthquake 14-9 Minimum Thickness of Bin Walls
12-14-5 Supporting Shaft 14-10 Large Storage in Bulk
12-14-5-1 Section Properties of Shaft 14-11 Pyramidal Hopper Bottoms
12-14-5-2 Checking Stresses in the Shaft 14-11-1 Pressure Normal to Slab / Plate
12-14-6 Foundation Raft 14-11-2 Bending Moments and Direct Forces
12-14-6-1 Determining the Size 14-11-3 Horizontal Reinforcement
12-14-6-2 Raft Analysis 14-11-4 Transverse Reinforcement
Annex A12 PROPERTIES OF SHELLS OF REVOLUTION 14-11-5 Vertical Reinforcement
A12-1 General 14-12 Examples
A12-2 Cylindrical Shell 14-12-1 Example 14
A12-3 Conical Shell 14-12-2 Example 14
A12-4 Spherical Dome Chapter 15 PARKING SHED STRUCTURES
Chapter 13 SWIMMING POOLS 15-1 General
13-1 General 15-2 Parking Sheds
13-2 Appurtenant / Ancillary Facilities 15-2-1 Space Requirement
13-2-1 Lockers 15-3 Some Parking Sheds – Constructed / Actual
13-2-2 Showers 15-4 Parking Sheds – Some Possible Designs
13-2-3 Strainers – Skimmers 15-5 Parking Structures
13-2-4 Automated Pool Cleaners 15-5-1 Structural Aspects
13-2-5 Water Pumps 15-5-2 Automated and Automatic Parking
13-2-6 Safety Features 15-5-3 Modular Car Parking
13-3 Dimensions 15-6 Example 15
13-4 Other Features Chapter 16 CHIMNEYS
13-5 Walls and Floors 16-1 General
13-6 Diving Platforms 16-2 Proportioning
13-7 Architectural and Structural Drawings 16-2-1 Height
13-8 Examples 16-2-2 Diameter
13-8-1 Example 13-1 16-2-3 Thickness
13-8-2 Example 13-2 16-3 Chimney Lining / Liners

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 STRUCTURES IN PRACTICE
DETAILED CONTENTS
16-4 Design Factors 17-14 Frequencies and Permissible Amplitudes (For Reciprocating
16-5 Wind Loading and Rotary Machines)
16-5-1 Radial Pressure 17-15 Foundations for High Speed Rotary Machines
16-5-2 Lateral Swaying and Ovalling 17-15-1 Dynamic Analysis
16-5-2-1 Lateral Swaying 17-15-2 Resonance, Amplitude and Combined Methods
16-5-2-2 Ovalling of Circular Section 17-16 Other Machines
16-6 Earthquake Loading 17-16-1 Machine Tools
16-6-1 Period 17-16-2 Fans and Blowers
16-6-2 Base Shear 17-16-3 Testing Machine with Pulsator
16-6-3 Shear Distribution 17-16-4 Looms
16-6-4 Earthquake Bending Moments 17-17 Constructional Aspects / Construction Considerations
16-7 Temperature 17-18 Vibration Isolation
16-8 Stresses in Chimney Shell 17-18-1 Methods of Isolation
16-8-1 Due to Self-Weight and Wind 17-18-2 Properties of Isolating Materials
16-8-2 Due to Temperature 17-18-3 Methods of Laying Spring Absorbers
16-8-3 Effect of only Temperature 17-18-4 Vibration Isolators or Anti
16-8-3-1 Effect of Temperature in Compression Zone Vibration Mountings
16-8-3-2 Effect of Temperature in Tension Zone Chapter 18 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE – AN INTRODUCTION
16-8-4 Horizontal Stresses 18-1 Introduction
16-9 Opening in Chimney Shell 18-2 Basic / General Principles
16-10 Foundations 18-2-1 Classification and Types of Prestressed Concrete Structures
16-11 Appurtenant Features 18-2-2 Stages of Loadings
16-12 Steel Chimneys 18-3 Pre-Tensioning
16-13 Case Study 18-3-1 Sequence of Operations – Pre-Tensioning
16-14 Example 16 18-3-2 Appurtenances – Pre-Tensioning
Annex A16 4 TH OPENING FOR FLUE IN EXISTING R.C.C. 18-4 Post-Tensioning
CHIMNEY 18-4-1 Sequence of Operations – Post-Tensioning
A16-1 The Scheme 18-4-2 Appurtenances – Post-Tensioning
A16-2 Study and Decision 18-5 Pre-Tensioning and Post-Tensioning
A16-3 Execution Aids 18-5-1 Systems of Prestressing
A16-3-1 List of Activities 18-5-1-1 Freyssinet System
A16-3-2 Notes for Cutting and Removing Concrete Block (from 18-5-1-2 Magnel Blaton System
Existing RCC Chimney) 18-5-1-3 Gifford Udall System
A16-3-3 Sequence of Activities for Civil Works 18-5-1-4 Lee McCall System
A16-4 Execution 18-5-1-5 Popular Systems of Prestressing
A16-5 Drawings and Photographs 18-5-1-6 Other Methods of Prestressing
Chapter 17 MACHINE FOUNDATIONS 18-5-2 Shapes of Concrete Sections
17-1 Introduction 18-5-3 Merits and Demerits of Pre-Tensioning and Post-Tensioning
17-2 Types of Machine Foundations 18-6 High Strength Materials for Prestressed Concrete
17-3 General requirements of Machine Foundations 18-7 Bond of Prestressing Tendons
17-3-1 Dimensional Criteria 18-7-1 Transfer Bond Stress
17-3-2 Permissible Amplitudes 18-7-2 Flexural Bond Stress
17-3-3 Resonance 18-8 Losses in Prestress
17-4 Design Parameters 18-8-1 Losses due to Friction
17-4-1 Geometric Properties of Machine Foundations1 18-8-2 Anchorage Loss (or Loss due to Slip at Anchorage)
17-5 Physical Properties of Elastic Base – Soil below Foundation 18-8-3 Loss due to Elastic Shortening of Concrete
17-6 Expression for Spring Stiffness of Elastic Supports 18-8-4 Loss due to Creep of Concrete
17-6-1 Soils and Elastic Pads 18-8-5 Loss due to Shrinkage of Concrete
17-6-2 Steel Springs Couzens’ Table for Weight of Foundations 18-8-6 Loss due to Relaxation of Steel
17-8 Foundations for Impact Type Machines 18-8-7 Loss due to Creep in Steel
17-8-1 Types of Foundations 18-8-8 Total Losses of Prestress
17-8-2 Impact Factor 18-9 Special Features / Problems
17-8-3 Fatigue Coefficient 18-9-1 Fire Resistance
17-8-4 Weights of Anvil and Foundation Block 18-9-1-1 Conductivity
17-8-5 Foundation as Two-Mass-Vibrator System 18-9-1-2 Strength
17-8-6 Thickness of Foundation Block 18-9-1-3 Sensitivity of High Tensile Steel
17-9 Block Type Machine Foundations 18-9-1-4 Low Temperature Effect
17-10 Single-Mass Spring System 18-9-2 Fatigue Strength
17-10-1 Definitions and Symbols 18-9-3 Impact Resistance
17-10-2 Equation for Forced Vibrations 18-9-4 Corrosion Resistance
17-10-3 Effect of Soil Mass 18-10 Comparison – Prestressed Concrete and Reinforced Concrete
17-11 Semi-Empirical Design of a Block Foundation as a Single- Chapter 19 DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON CONCRETE
Mass Spring System 19-1 General
17-12 Foundations for Reciprocating Machines 19-2 Exposure to Soft Water
17-13 Foundations for Heavy Rotary Machines 19-3 Exposure to Sulphates

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 STRUCTURES IN PRACTICE
DETAILED CONTENTS
19-4 Exposure to Injurious Gases in Atmosphere DA 2B Coefficients for B.M., T.M. and S.F. for Beams Curved
19-5 Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Plan – UDL
19-6 Alkali – Aggregate Reaction DA 3A Coefficients for Fixed End Moments – Point Loads and
19-7 Exposure to Sea Water Partial UDL
19-8 Exposure to Excessive Heat DA 3B Fixed End Moments – Different Loads
19-8-1 Fire Resistance DA 4 S.F., B.M. and Deflection for Single Span Beams – For
19-8-2 Fire Endurance Different Loads
19-8-3 Fire Resistance Rating DA 5 Permissible Stresses in Concrete and Steel
19-8-4 Change of Properties at High Temperature DA 6 Deflection and Slenderness Criteria – for Slabs / Beams
19-8-4-1 Concrete and Columns
19-8-4-2 Steel – Structural and Reinforcing DA 7 Slenderness Limits, “T” and “L” and Reinforcements –
19-9 Behaviour of Slab / Beams under Fire For Beams
19-10 Change of Colour of Concrete – At Higher Temperatures DA 8 Shear, Torsion and Development Lengths
19-11 Effect on Bond Strength DA 9 Permissible Shear Stress and Shear Reinforcement – Limit
19-12 High Alumina Cement State
19-13 Fire Resistance as per IS:456 DA 10 Permissible Shear Stress and Shear Reinforcement – WSM
Annex A19-1 CONCRETE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES DA 11 Weights, Areas etc. for Reinforcement Bars and Group
A19-1-1 General of Bars
A19-1-2 Classification Systems for High Temperature Concretes DA 12 Approximate Reinforcement / Steel in RC Members
A19-1-2-1 Classification According to Fire Resistance DA 13 Suggested Cambers for Long Span Members
A19-1-2-2 Classification According to Type of Binding Agents DA 14 Spacings of Expansion Joints in Long Concrete Buildings
A19-1-2-3 Classification According to Aggregate Type DA 15 Permissible Stresses in Welds, Bolts and RSJ’s
A19-1-3 Peculiarity of Refractory Concrete DA 16 Typical Splice Details for “I” Sections
A19-1-4 Properties of Hardened Concrete DA 17 Typical Splice Details for Channel Sections
A19-1-5 Alteration (in Concrete) due to Heat – Portland Cements
DA 18 Typical Splice Details for Angle Sections
A19-1-6 Applications of Concrete for High Temperatures
DA 19 Approximate Steel in Factories / Warehouses / Godowns
A19-1-7 Advantages of Use of Concrete for High Temperatures
DA 20 Permissible Stresses in Axial Compression
ANNEX A19-2 DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE
APPENDICES
(IN A SWITCHYARD) – A CASE STUDY
A19-2-1 Introduction Appendix 1 Note Based on IS:456
A19-2-2 Scope of Investigations and Study Appendix 2 Note on Storage of Cement
A19-2-3 Study and Investigations Appendix 3 Note on Tests of Materials
A19-2-4 Observations Appendix 4 Site Supervision – RCC Works
A19-2-4-1 Visual Studies – Switchyard Appendix 5 Site Supervision – Structural Steel Works
A19-2-4-2 Visual Observations – Culvert Structure Appendix 6 Settlements of Structures – A Note
A19-2-5 NDT – Rebound Hammer Tests Appendix 7 Soil Bearing Capacities, Properties of Granular and
A19-2-6 Flue Gas Composition Cohesive Materials
A19-2-7 Hot Water Composition Appendix 8 Angles of Internal Friction, Unit Weights and Liquidity
A19-2-8 Conclusions Factors of Some Materials
A19-2-8-1 Switchyard Structures Appendix 9 Metric Conversions
A19-2-8-2 Culvert Structures Appendix 10 British and Metric Equivalents
A19-2-9 Remedies and Recommendations Appendix 11 SI Units, Greek Alphabets and Roman Numerals
DESIGN AIDS Appendix 12 Some Relevant Codes and Specifications (of BIS and IRC)
DA 1 Coefficients for S.F. and B.M. – Continuous Beams
REFERENCES
DA 2A Coefficients for B.M., T.M. and S.F. for Beams Curved in
Plan – UDL INDEX

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