Mr AMIT KUMAR

Mr AMIT KUMAR
S t a t e a l s o w h e t h e r t h e y a re l i n e a r a n d n o n l i n e a r .

Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Solutions of a Differential Equation
1. 2x + 1 = 0
2. x 2 + 1 = 0
3. cosx − sinx = 0

Solution of equations (1),(2) and (3) are numbers, real or complex, that
will satisfy the given equation i.e., when that number is substituted for
the unknown x in the given equation, L.H.S. becomes equal to the
R.H.S..

Mr AMIT KUMAR
 𝑑2 𝑦
Now consider the differential equation +𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 2

the solution of this differential equation is a function φ that will satisfy it

i.e.,
when the function φ is substituted for the unknown y (dependent variable)
in the given differential equation, L.H.S. becomes equal to R.H.S..

The curve y = φ (x) is called the solution curve (integral curve) of

the given differential equation.

Mr AMIT KUMAR
 𝑑2𝑦
2
+𝑦 =0 (1)
𝑑𝑥

Consider the function given by

y = φ (x) = a sin (x + b),where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ.
When this function and its derivative are substituted in equation ,
L.H.S. = R.H.S..
So it is a solution of the differential equation.

Mr AMIT KUMAR
 𝑑2𝑦
2
+𝑦 =0 (1)
𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 be given some particular values say

𝜋
𝑎 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = ,
4
then we get a function.
𝜋
y = φ1 (x) = 2 sin x +
4
When this function and its derivative are substituted
in equation (1) again L.H.S. = R.H.S..

Therefore φ1 (x) is also a solution of equation (1)

Mr AMIT KUMAR
Function φ consists of two arbitrary constants (parameters) a, b and it is called general
solution of the given differential equation.

Whereas function φ1 (x) contains no arbitrary constants but only the particular values of
the parameters a and b and hence is called a particular solution of the given differential
equation.

Mr AMIT KUMAR
There are two types of Solutions
 General Solution
 Particular Solution

General Solution
The solution which contains arbitrary constants is called the general solution
(primitive) of the differential equation.

Particular Solution
The solution free from arbitrary constants i.e., the solution obtained from the
general solution by giving particular values to the arbitrary constants is called a
particular solution of the differential equation.

Mr AMIT KUMAR
Example 1
Verify that the function 𝑦 = 𝑒 −3𝑥 is a solution of the differential equation
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
+ − 6𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Example 2
Verify that the function 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥 , where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ is a solution of
the differential equation
𝑑2 𝑦
2
+𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥

Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR
Mr AMIT KUMAR