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Revised Qualitative-Research-final
Revised Qualitative-Research-final
Revised Qualitative-Research-final
BASIS OF INTERVENTION”
Presented by:
Poligrates, Lloyd Gabriel P.
Bantilan, April Joy C.
Golbin, Jhonrey T.
Golbin, Julie Ann L.
Title Page
Presented to:
Introduction
abilities as fixed and unchangeable, which can severely limit their potential
(Kaya & Karakoc, 2022). Stigma is a mark or sign of disgrace usually eliciting
negative attitudes to its bearer (Thornicraft et.al, 2018). This stigma not only
affects individual learners but also has broader implications for the global
crucial (Li & Schoenfeld, 2019). Stigma can therefore be seen as an overarching
et.al, 2018). Mathematics is one of the most fundamental fields students face
along their educational life. However, it is one of the most disliked subjects
students move into secondary education. Negative attitude may have a bigger
the Philippines have explored the issue of math stigma. For instance, a study on
mathematics anxiety among junior high school students found that anxiety levels
these factors (Timonera et.al, 2023). These studies indicate that math stigma is a
prevalent issue affecting Filipino students across different educational levels and
point to the need for interventions that address the psychological and educational
the need for a comprehensive approach to tackle math stigma becomes even
(PISA) mathematics assessment was notably poor, with over 50% scoring below
the lowest proficiency level (Bernardo et.al, 2018). This trend was more
pronounced among students from public schools, who performed worse than
2023).
model theory.
discomfort arising from holding negative beliefs about math and its importance
can influence students’ attitudes and behaviors towards the subject. The stages of
seeking resolution. Factors that influence perception and attitudes towards math
acquire and use information of social context to learn new. It emphasizes role of
the deficit theory were the result of mathematical learning disabilities in early
decrease in mathematics performance from one year to the next due to the
students remembering their prior poor mathematics performance, particularly in
male students.
anxiety model theory. Specifically, this study will explore students’ perception of
and adaptation. Additionally, the study can examine how past experiences, lack
Input Process
Output
Administrating interview
Guide-question.
Organization of student’s
response.
This framework uses IPO (input-process-output) format. The first frame presents
the input of the study that includes the demographic profile of the respondents such as
their age, gender, and their grade level. These demographic factors shape students’
stigma, ensuring contextually relevant strategies that address students’ unique needs.
The second frame presents the process of the study that involves assessment of the
“student’s mathematical stigma” through the process of data gathering, interview and
documentary analysis. Lastly, the third frame presents the output of the study which is a
possible intervention program for mathematical stigma. The arrows show the logical
students at Toribio Minor National High School. This stigma, which manifests as
contributing to this stigma, the research aims to uncover the psychological and
2. What are the struggles and challenges students face that leads them in
mathematics?
This study was designed for the benefits of the following stakeholders:
understand the roots of mathematical stigma that can hinder their academic
Minor National High School, the study will provide insights that can lead to
tailored interventions. These interventions can help students overcome their fears
and improve their performance in mathematics, which is essential for their future
make mathematics more accessible and engaging, thereby enhancing the overall
insights into the psychological barrier that student’s face with mathematics. They
math culture and enhance teacher training, leading to better student engagement
challenges their children face in mathematics. With this information, parents can
better support their children’s learning at home and make informed decisions
students here in Toribio Minor National High School. The respondents of our
study are only those selected students of Toribio Minor National High School
who acquire mathematical stigma. The interview will only take place inside the
school.
Definition of Terms
word described:
difference, identified through the students’ ability to recognize and generate such
mathematics that students at Toribio Minor National High School may hold.
Performance. – defined as the academic achievement of students in
mathematics, measured by their scores of standardized tests and classroom
assessments.
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODS
Research Design
appropriate for the study because it allows for an in-depth exploration of the
focusing on a particular school, the case study can provide rich, contextual
insights that can inform targeted strategies to reduce stigma and improve
Research Environment
The research study will take place in one of the public high schools in
Grade 10 Aragones section. Toribio Minor National High School has a total
enrolment of 1425 learners from Grade 7 to Grade 12 for School Year 2023-2024
Research Respondents
students from Toribio Minor National High School. Specifically, the study will
groups were expected to offer in-depth and detailed insights into the
data collection and analysis reliability. The chosen purposive sampling approach
(Campbell,2020).
Research Instrument
The primary instrument in this study are the researchers with the help of
open-ended question, so that the respondent can explain their idea in answering
the interview, to have an important data that is needed for this study.
Data Gathering Procedures
the researcher obtains approval from the school research team and the school
principal so this involves drafting a formal request outlining the purpose of study
that the data collection methods, and how will be the collected data to be used.
The researchers selects appropriate data collection techniques so in this case they
opt for validated questionnaire that have a designing a questionnaire that has
been validated to ensure its reliability and validity in measuring attitudes and
perceptions towards mathematics stigma among the students and after that the
The researchers used thematic coding to be analyze the data gathered from
Prepared our questionnaire that should be clear, concise, and aligned with the
stigma and the next by coding the data according to these themes to facilitate
analysis and interpretation. The researcher interprets the findings to gain insights
into the nature and be extent of mathematics stigma among the students and to
Data Analysis
Investigating student’s stigma around math and creating treatments are the
themes are all part of it in addition to aiding in the analysis and categorization of
data obtained through interviews also aids in understanding the larger context of
mathematics education and student experiences. The results of this process can
Ethical Consideration
The researcher adhered to ethical principles in line with the Republic Act 10173,
also known as the Data Privacy Act of 2012, throughout the study. The result of
which involves providing them with all the necessary information about the.
precluding any association between the individuals and the data collected.
Participants in the study were assured that they would not be subjected to any
harm. Prior to their participation, full consent was obtained, ensuring that the
guaranteed for all individuals and organizations involved. The research was conducted
with integrity, with all efforts directed towards presenting the goals and objectives
affiliations, funding sources, and any potential conflicts of interest. All communications
were handled with utmost honesty, and any possibility of misleading information or
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data on the mathematical stigma
In this research, the researcher used thematic analysis in interpreting the data of the
emerging themes. The researchers named the respondents student participant 1 up to 10 not to
It simply means to learn or to study or gain knowledge. Based on the transcripts, two (2)
Theme 1: Difficult
Mathematics is one of the most fundamental fields students face along their educational
life. However, it is one of the most disliked subjects among students worldwide, many
students see mathematics as a difficult and boring subject they would prefer to avoid
(Apostol, 2023).
subject for some students. A study reveals that students describe mathematics as difficult
subject due to instructors and instructional materials (Waswa & Al-kassab, 2023).
Another study found out that students find mathematics difficult, especially when they do
not understand the teachers’ discussion which support the narrative of SP6 (Foncesca,
2015). In addition, a study found out that mathematics is perceived difficult than all other
subjects and one of the most recognizable reasons for felt difficulty is prominence of
problem solving as it requires lot of equations (Sarabi & Gafoor, 2015). These findings
conclude that mathematics describe as difficult as it requires problem solving skills and
problems.
various factors such as it involves systematic steps and uses of critical thinking and
analyzing. This problem has shown positive correlation with the study "Teaching and
in assimilating content, lack of context, and insufficient prior knowledge (Silva & Santos,
2020). Another study entitled “True Grit in Learning Math: The Math Anxiety-
founds out that math can be time-consuming due to the need for sustained effort in the
face of adversity, as shown by the mediating role of math-specific grit in the math
anxiety-achievement link (Yu et.al 2021). This means that math requires persistent effort
because in order to succeed in math, students need to persistently engage with the subject
started with mathematics, performing processes, expressing misconceptions and mistakes, and
have "uncertainty in explaining or making sense of it. Struggling with math is a common issue.
There are many reasons why a student might struggle with math, ranging from math anxiety
through to a range of special education needs. Based on the transcripts, 5 emerging themes came
Based on the narrative, one of the struggles student encounters when solving math
problem is the lack of time to study due to heavy workload causing the student to lose
focus on solving math problem. This problem somehow shows correlation on the study
workload can lead to academic procrastination and impacting study time for subjects like
math among high school students (Ismael et.al, 2014). Another study entitled “Students’
schools in Central Luzon area of the Philippines and founds out that high school students
who procrastinate due to lack of time to study tends to be less fare better in mathematics
because of heavy workload (Santos et.al, 2022). These studies support the theme that
the mathematical concepts that students found difficult such as multiplication, division,
arithmetic sequence and geometry. This theme is supported by the narrative of the following
students:
“Sa multiply, kay daghan kaayog number I multiply. Ninggamay ang akong
grado.” [“In multiplication, because there are so many numbers I multiply,
my grade decreased.”] SP5
“Ang nalisuran nako kay ang pag solve sa coefficient ug divide. Ang pinakalisod jud
kay ang pag divide. Niubos jud akong grado kay di man pud kayo kabalo sa math.”
[“What I found difficult was solving for coefficients and division. The most difficult
part was division. My grade dropped because I’m not very good at math.”] SP8
“Sa arithmetic sequence, kanang sa pag arrange sa mga number sa sequence. Di kayo
sya nakaapekto sa akong grado, sakto lang.” [“In arithmetic sequences, like arranging
the numbers in sequence. It didn’t affect my grade too much, it was just okay.”] SP10
“Sa arithmetic sequence ug circles pero nalisod jud ko sa circles kanang mga radius.
Kanang nay ipasolve tas murag lisod sako.” [“Arithmetic sequences and circles, I
really struggled with circles, especially their radii. They would ask me to solve
problems, and it seemed difficult for me.”]
Based on the narratives, students face difficulties in different mathematical concepts such
as multiplication, division, arithmetic sequence, and geometry. These challenges are not isolated
incidents but are reflective of broader educational concerns. Research indicates that difficulties in
learning mathematics can stem from a variety of sources, including learners innate cognitive
abilities, problem-solving processes, and external factors such as classroom environment and
hinders students’ learning and performance (Uegatani,et.al, 2023). The narratives from the
students at Toribio Minor National High School resonate with these findings. The struggle with
multiplication and division, as expressed by SP5 and SP8, could be linked to the cognitive load
associated with processing multiple numbers and operations simultaneously. Similarly, the issues
with arithmetic sequences and geometry, particularly circles and radii mentioned by SP10, align
with the difficulties in conceptual understanding that are common in mathematics education
(Uegatani,et.al, 2023). These insights underscore the need for interventions that are cognizant of
the cognitive and emotional aspects of learning mathematics, aiming to build a solid foundation
strategies in coping up towards their mathematics problem. Based on the transcript, 4 emerging
themes came out: By listening, asking for help, by solving and by understanding.
Theme 1: By listening
One of the strategies that students employ to cope up with mathematical stigma is by listening.
Listening is an act of receiving oral language. It is the ability to understand what others speak or
say (Dave, 2019). This theme is supported by the following narratives of the students.
Based on the narratives provided, the strategy used by these students to cope up with
mathematics is by listening to the teacher. This strategy is common but effective for them as it
increases their math grade and performance. Similar studies have found shows correlation with
this strategy. A study entitled “Teaching strategies related to listening and hearing in two
secondary classrooms” found out that high school math students can benefit from transformative
listening strategies in class, leading to asking their own questions and engaging actively (Coles,
2022). This means that listening to teacher in math discussion is one of the working strategy of
students and it also effective for them. Another study entitled “I am part of the group, the others
listen to me”: theorizing productive listening in mathematical group work” which conducted in
upper secondary mathematics classroom in Sweden found out that high school math students
and respecting contributions, enhancing problem-solving in group work (Sjöblom and Meany,
2021).
Theme 2: Asking for help
Students also ask for help with their companions/classmates who can understand math when they
struggle. This is also one of the strategies that they used to handle mathematical problems.
Asking for help means you need help with something specific for a time. This theme is supported
Based on the narratives provided, the strategy used by these students to manage their
mathematical problem is to ask for help to their companion who finds math easy. This strategy is
also effective for them as it increases their math grade and performance. Similar studies have
been found a correlation on this strategy. A study entitled “Interactions with Peers on the Path to
Math Success” conducted in and found out that high school students who seek help for their peer
and classmates who knows math has slightly improved their math performance (Lobczowski
et.al, 2021). Another study entitled “Student help-seeking behaviors and teacher instructional
Based on the narratives provided, the strategy used by these students to handle their
mathematical stigma is by practicing solving math exercises and problems. This strategy is also
effective because it will help the student to answer math problem in class discussion. Similar
studies have shown positive correlation with the strategy above. A study entitled “Learning
Global Scale” found out that high school students improved math problem-solving skills through
test practice, with more math problems showing a small positive effect on subsequent
reveals that High school students improve math skills through problem-solving practice guided
by teachers, fostering innovative strategies and logical thinking (Klieman & Dulius,2020).
Implications of the Study
The study’s findings underscore the refined perceptions of mathematics among learners, shaped
significantly by the quality of instruction and individual coping mechanisms. The challenges of
transitioning between educational levels and understanding complex mathematical concepts are
substantial, yet they are effectively counterbalanced by educators who demonstrate both skillful
subject due to its systematic nature and the depth of thought it requires, this perception is
mitigated when students actively engage in listening, seek assistance, and diligently practice.
These strategies not only strengthen academic performance but also play a pivotal role in
eliminating the stigma associated with mathematics. This suggests that a nurturing educational
becomes essential to provide specialized support tailored to students’ needs, particularly during
Consequently, this study advocates for a comprehensive approach that encompasses both
academic and emotional support to empower learners in overcoming mathematical stigma and
achieving success.
Chapter 4
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
recommendations offered.
Summary of Findings
From a thorough analysis of the data collected and results obtained, the following
to many problems such as transition challenges from elementary to secondary and involves lot of
equations and shapes. Some finds it as time-consuming, as due to various factors such as it
problem due to lack of time to study math, which negatively affect their mathematical
performance which would cause them in having mathematical stigma. Second, students
arithmetic sequence, and geometry, which hindered their ability to solve math problem and
Based on the transcript, 3 emerging themes came out: By listening, asking for help and through
practice solving. One of the working strategies used by the students to cope up with mathematics
is by listening to the teacher. This strategy is common but effective for them as it increases their
math grade and performance. In addition, another strategy also used by some students to manage
their mathematical problem is to ask for help to their companion who finds math easy. This
strategy is also effective for them as it increases their math grade and performance. Lastly, one of
the strategies used by some students to handle their mathematical stigma is by practicing solving
math exercises and problems. This strategy is also effective because it will help the student to
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn.
The study reveals that students’ attitudes towards mathematics are shaped by their
experiences and the teaching they receive. The transition from elementary to secondary
education presents significant challenges, with complex equations and concepts often perceived
as difficult. Time constraints further exacerbate these difficulties, leading to a negative impact on
methods and a positive approach from educators can make mathematics more accessible.
Students employ strategies such as attentive listening, seeking help, and consistent practice to
improve their understanding and performance in mathematics. These findings point to the need
for interventions that support students through educational transitions, enhance teaching quality,
and encourage effective learning strategies to address and reduce mathematical stigma. This
study provides a foundation for developing such interventions, aiming to transform students’
Recommendations
Based on the results and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are
offered.
Mathematics Teacher Coordinator may suggest to our School Principal to create and held
an activity such as Math Camp that is filled with more exciting fun math related activities
so that students may enjoy while learning to battle out their mathematical stigma.
The teachers may use Deliberate Practice Strategies to enhance student’s performance on
students who are good in math to teach their classmates who struggled in learning
mathematics.
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Please check the box below if you want/do not want to participate in the study
I want to participate in the study. (If check, please proceed and read the statement below).
I have read this consent form and I understand what is being requested of me as a participant in
this study. I freely consent to participate.
1. Confidentiality: I understand that the information I provided in this study may be utilized for
research purposes. I also understand that the personal information I gave may be coded of which
in unavoidable circumstance may eventually reveal my personal identity.
2. Voluntary participation: I have read this consent form and I understand what is being
requested of me as a participant in this study. I freely consent to participate. I understand the
nature and purpose of the study. My participation in this study is entirely voluntary. Should I
choose to withdraw at any time, there will be no penalty/consequences of any kind that will be
charged against me.
3. Termination of participation: My participation in this study may also be terminated if I do
not conform to the etiquette of this study and if in any part my involvement may lead to
unjustified risks.
4. Consent to participation: I have read this consent form and I understand what is being
requested of me as a participant in this study. I freely consent to participate.
________________________ _____________________
Respondent’s Signature Date
study. We would like to inform you that the primary purpose of this research is to
in Toribio Minor National High School during the school year 2023 – 2024. You
have nothing to worry about because there is no wrong answer here. You may
withdraw your participation in this research if you have any doubts about it or
This interview may take 30 – 45 minutes. You can be assured that all
students at Toribio Minor National High School. This stigma, which manifests as
contributing to this stigma, the research aims to uncover the psychological and
Engaging Questions
1. As a student, how do you define mathematics?
2. What are the struggles you experience in solving math problems?
3. Did you have some strategies to solve math?
A. Exploratory Questions
challenges,
what do
you
think is
the
hardest?
How do
these
challenges
affect
your
performance
in
mathematics?
Among
those
strategi
es,
which
is most
effectiv
e?