UNSC United Nation Security Council

 Structure
The Security Council, one of the six main UN organs, comprises 15 members, including 5
permanent members and 10 non-permanent members. The P5 members, including the United
States, China, France, Russia, and the UK, have veto power, preventing resolutions from
passing. Non-permanent members, elected by the General Assembly, play a significant role in
decision-making but do not have veto power. The Council's presidency rotates monthly,
ensuring each member leads discussions and guides the agenda.
The UNSC, consisting of permanent and non-permanent members, requires a two-thirds
majority vote for decisions to pass, requiring at least nine out of 15 members to agree on a
resolution, aiming to balance major powers' representation with regional diversity.
 Function
The UNSC is responsible for global peace and security by addressing conflicts and resolving
them. It can authorize peacekeeping missions and impose sanctions on countries posing threats.
The UNSC plays a crucial role in mediating conflicts, promoting dialogue, and finding peaceful
solutions. Sanctions are used to pressure parties to comply with UNSC resolutions. In situations
where peaceful means are insufficient, the UNSC can authorize military action, including peace
enforcement missions to protect civilians.
 History
The United Nations (UN) was established on 24 October 1945, following the ratification of the
Charter by the Security Council and 46 other signatories. The Security Council met for the first
time in London on 17 January 1946 and has since taken permanent residence at the UN
Headquarters in New York City. The UNSC was created to address the failure of the League of
Nations to prevent World War II and maintain international peace and security.
 Key roles
1. Maintaining international peace and security.
2. Authorizing peacekeeping missions.
3. Resolving conflicts through diplomacy.
4. Imposing sanctions on violators.
5. Enforcing its resolutions, including through military action.
 Decision-Making Processes
According to Article 27, the Security Council's decisions are determined by a nine-member
affirmative vote; each member has one vote. Votes on "procedural matters" and votes on "all
other matters" are distinguished separately under the Charter, nevertheless.
 Significant Achievements
There were significant achievements outside of the immediate domain of peace and security:
notably, the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, followed by the two
international covenants of 1966 (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights); and the creation of funds and
programs specialized in various kinds of humanitarian and development work (the United
Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United
Nations Population Fund, the World Food Programme, the United Nations Development
Programme, etc.).