TY PES OF RE SEARCH IN DIFFE RE NT ARE AS/FIE L DS

Library Research
Field Research
Laboratory Research
Applied Reseach
 Solve Practical Problems
 Current Illnesses
 Develop Technologies
Example:
How can bullying be prevented?
Is technology use for children helpful or harmful?
How does social media change individual's perception of society and themselves?
Pure Research
 Fundamental or Basic
 Scientific Knowledge
 Concept Principles
 Abstract
Example:
Newton's laws of motion Theories
Descriptive Research
 Statistical Research
 Counted and Measured
 Addresses “What” Question
Example: Finding the most common and frequent disease that affects the children
of the town
Correlational Research
Study of Relationships
Variables
Existence of Relationships
Example: A manager studies the correlation between new employees’ college
grade point averages and their first-year performance reports
Phenomonological Reseach
Study of Experience
Personal Perspective
Subjective Experience
Example: Ang Makulay Na Pagbabalatkayo: A Phenomenological Study On The
Lives Of Filipino Costume Players As The Japanese Popular Culture Invades The
Country
Review of Related Literature (RRL)

1. APA (American Psychological Association) - The emphasis is placed on the

author and the data of a piece of work.
2. MLA (Modern Language Association) - Often applied in the arts and
humanities
3. HARVARD - Most used in UK and Australia, it is encourage for use with
humanities
4. CHICAGO AND TURABIAN - Generally used by Business, History, and the
Fine Arts
Patterns of Citation
1. Summary. The citation in this case is a shortened version of the original text
that is express in your own language.
2. Paraphrase. Explaining what the text means to you.
3. Short Direct Quotation. Only a part of the author`s sentence, the whole
sentence, or several sentences, not exceeding 40 words, is what you can quote or
repeat in writing through this citation pattern.

Example: Context is influenced by theses four factors: “language, culture,

institutions, and ideologies.” (Aranda, 2015, p.8)

4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract. Named in many ways,

this citation pattern makes you copy the author`s exact words numbering from 40
to 100 Words.

Example: The latest study by (Hizon, 2015) reveals the social nature of language.
Stressing this nature of language, he says: Language features result from the way
people use language to meet their social needs. In their interactions, they use
language to describe, compare, agree, explain, disagree, and so on. Each language
function requires a certain set of language features like nouns for naming,
adjectives
for comparing, verbs for agreeing, prepositions for directing, and conjunctions for
connecting ideas. (p.38)

5. Tense of verbs for reporting. Active verbs are effective words to use in reporting
authors` ideas. Present their ideas in any of these tenses: present, simple past, or
present perfect tense.

Example: Present tense – Marcos explains… Past tense – Marcos explained…

Present perfect tense – Marcos has explained… Plagiarism. An act of quoting or
copying the exact words of the writer and passing the quoted words off as your
own words. The lading act of plagiarism is using the words of original text in
expressing your understanding of the reading material. The right way to avoid
plagiarism is to express the borrowed ideas in your own words. (Ransom 2013)

v It is an inquiry process
v It is a formal process of problem solving
v It is a set of procedures and stages
v It originates with a question or a problem v Often it is an iterative process
Important in providing a solid foundation for the
v Discovery and creation of knowledge, theory-building.
v Testing, confirmation, revision, and refutation of knowledge as theory.
v Advance a discipline or field.
v Advancements and improvements in various aspects of life. v Promotion and
tenure if individuals.
Significance of Research
Ø To gather necessary information’
Ø To make changes
Ø To improve the standard of living
Ø To have a safer life
Ø To know the truth
Ø To explore our history
Ø To understand arts
Research and Other Fields/Areas
• Economic research ]
• Social research
• Environmental Research
• Cultural Research
• Health Research
WRITES RESEARCH TITLE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH
• Specific (goal, variables and locale)
• Measurable (quantifiable data and results)
• Attainable (reasonable and realistic)
• Relevant (appropriate to the current time, period, or circumstances) • Time
Bound (within A specific period of time)

1. Indicate accurately the SUBJECT AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY

2. Rarely use ABBREVIATIONS OR ACRONYMS Unless they are commonly
known
3. Use words that create a POSITIVE IMPRESSION And stimulate READER
INTEREST
4. Research title should be LIMITED TO 10 TO 12 WORDS SUBSTANTIVE
WORDS
5. Does not include redundant phrasing such as “A STUDY OF” “A RESEARCH
OF”
6. Takes the form of a QUESTION OR DECLARATIVE STATEMENT
7. Rarely Use EXCLAMATION POINT IN TITLES
8. Mention the RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
9. Use CORRECT GRAMMAR AND CAPITALIZATION

Capitalize the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs Do
not capitalize articles, conjunctions or prepositions. Articles: A, AN , THE
Conjunctions and Prepositions: and, in, on, at, to Prepositions with 4 or more
letters: Below, Above, Beyond, Between
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - Soft data in the form of impressions, words,
sentences, photos, symbols, and so forth, dictate different research strategies and
data collection techniques more than hard data, in the form of numbers (Neuman,
2007)