Control No: _______________

SLK 2 for DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL

SCIENCES (DIASS) HUMSS Grade 12
QUARTER 2 WEEK 2

Competency 1. Explain the roles and functions of communicators and journalists

(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ij-32)
2. Identify specific work areas in which communicators and
journalists work. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ij-33)
3. Explain the rights, responsibilities and accountabilities.
(HUMSS_DIASS 12 –Ij-35)
4. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviours among
practitioners (HUMSS_DIASS 12 –Ij-36)
Objectives 1. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviours among
practitioners.
2. Explain the roles and functions of communicators and journalists.
3. Construct a model communicator/journalist in a specific work area.
Topic/
Subject PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN COMMUNICATION
Matter
Textbook Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences, Abadingo , Lourdes E.
Materials Paper and pen, recycled materials, art materials
Copyrights Talisay City Division
Total Points 75
Date January 11-15, 2021

I. CONTENT MAP

ROLES AND
FUNCTIONS

CODE PROFESSIONALS
OF AND WORK
ETHICS PRACTITIONERS AREAS

RIGHTS,
RESPONSIBILITIES
AND
ACCOUNTABILITIES

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II. CONTENT NOTES

ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATORS AND JOURNALISTS

ROLES FUNCTIONS
Fiscalizers  examine government programs, analyze their pros and cons, and bring
these to public attention
 monitor the behavior of government officials and make sure that they
adhere to Republic Act 6713, or the Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and Employees
Mobilizers  bring people together for action
 persuade people to attend conventions, political rallies, concerts and
demonstrations among other activities
Organizers  good at organizing events
 search for the best venues, invite speakers, plan the program, and make
sure there will be an audience
Opinion  write columns and host public affairs programs to influence public opinion
makers  another medium for shaping public opinion is social networking sites such
as Facebook and Twitter
Gatekeepers  select, change, and/or reject messages from other people
 influence the flow of information between a source and a group or
receivers
 For instance, publishing houses may select only ten out of 100
manuscripts for further review .In the film industry, a review body can
recommend deleting certain scenes from a movie. A screening body also
reviews television shows before they air
Leaders  serve as leaders in both public and private organizations
 provide the vision for their governments and constituents
 get elected to both national and local positions
 Voters may be awed not primarily by their platforms, but by their
persuasive speaking skills
Managers  make good managers because of their background in planning organizing
directing coordinating, and reporting
 some even manage businesses and television or radio programs
 handle the nitty-gritty of administrativeand operational work
Propagandists  lead propaganda work for candidates in both government and private
sector positions
 they are found in progressive groups, where they campaign for particular
advocacies
Policy  Training in journalism or in broadcasting also makes them good policy
Advocates advocates. They are usually hired by lobby groups to advocate their
particular policy proposals and recommendations.
Reformers  play the role of reformers or change agents in both public and private
organizations
Advertisers  persuade people to buy and continue patronizing a certain product
 create radio, television, and online advertisements geared toward
particular audiences

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  use print media, particularly newspapers and billboards, to promote
products and services
Public concerned with promotingthe image of an organization or company
Relations work withnon-governmentalofficials,
Officers organizations,corporations,churches, publicandactorsandactresses.

Researchers conduct regular research to findout and know more about the topics
and issuesthey will feature or report on, and determine thepublic’s
perception of their programs

AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION AND CAREERS IN COMMUNICATION

Communication competence and a degree in communications are important tools for
embarking in a successful career in communications. The field of communication is broad
and encompassing.

Advertising
a paid communication about goods, services, ideas, and institutions through the mass
media designed to inform and/or influence one or more people in accordance with the
intent of the advertiser
tools used are television commercials, posters, signboards, pop-ups, and newspaper
ads, advertising builds a brand for products, services, and ideas for influencing the public
practitioners include copywriters, account executives, graphic artists, brand managers,
art directors, advertising sales representatives, and meeting and events planners

Public Relations
concerned with generating and maintaining a positive image of an individual,
organization, or company by building and nurturing relationships with the public
audiences
tools are press releases, newsletters, brochures, TV ads, and corporate, events. Some
activities undertaken by PR practitioners include community relations, fundraising events,
issues management, and media relations
practitioners include press release writers, even coordinators, publicists, media trainers,
crisis communication specialists, press secretaries, campaign managers, and community
managers

Corporate Communications
deals with communication in corporate or businesssettings. It may be internal (within an
organization) or external (between corporate entities)
includes business meetings, interviews, presentations, memos, and business letters
media tools such as television and newspaper ads, radio jingles, promotional events, and
business or partnership proposals.
practitioners in this field include copywriters, corporate communications
specialist/manager, and brand managers

Journalism
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 aims to inform the public of what is going on in society and help them critically make
decisions and create positive changes in their lives and communities
The oldest form of which is print journalism
covers a range of specialized sections ,including politics, business, entertainment, sports,
health, and career
practitioners in this field include journalists, news anchors, reporters ,proofreaders, editors,
photojournalists, columnists, and layout artists

Broadcasting
involves providing the public with information through venues other than print media
radio and television are effective vehicles for sending information and news, for creating
and propagating popular culture, and for entertaining mass audiences
practitioners include actors, dancers, and performers, production assistants, broadcast
journalists, camera operators, station managers, technical directors, and videographers

Film Industry
the communication field involved with the creation and distribution of films
become involved in story planning, budgeting, casting, shooting, sound recording, and
editing and finalizing the film
practitioners include scriptwriters, directors, film editors, production assistants,
cinematographers, visual effects specialists, and film musical directors

Digital Communications and Multimedia

introduction of the Internet for public and commercial use, great strides have been made
in the way people produce and retrieve information
Using digital technology, more people transmit and receive information electronically,
such as online journalism, podcasts, streaming video and music, or through social media
(which includes blogs, social networking sites, and virtual reality games).
practitioners include web designers, animators, online journalists, social media managers,
online editors and writers, and multimedia developers/managers, among other
communication professionals.

Research
research is important in acquiring insights about audience perception and behavior
research is helpful in gaging public pulse on matters concerning the effectivity of programs
and policies and the performance of public officials
research-associated careers focus on surveys, public opinion polls, market and audience
research, case studies, and content analysis

RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITES OF COMMUNICATORS AND

JOURNALISTS

FREEDOM OF SPEECH – one of the basic rights of communicators and journalists which
encompasses not only spoken but also written expression of one’s thoughts and ideas
The freedom to communicate, as protected by the law, is not without its limitations.
There are six main limitations to press freedom. These are libel, anti-obscenity law, invasion
on privacy laws, law on national security, contempt of court, and copyright tlaw (Malinao,
2004).

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Libel. Article 353 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC) defines libel as a "public and malicious
imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition,
status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or
juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead.
According to Article 355 of the RPC, libel is "committed by means of writing, printing,
lithography, engraving radio, phonograph, painting, theatrical exhibition ,cinematographic
exhibition, or any similar means."
A practitioner who defames verbally, on the other hand, may be charged with slander subject
to Article 358 of the RPC.With the passage of the Cybercrime Law in 2012, defamation
committed online has also become punishable by law.

Right to privacy. The Constitution, which protects the people's right to free expression, also
guarantees the people's right to privacy. In the Bill of Rights, Section 3,it states that "the
privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order
of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law. This right
is also provided for in the Civil Code, which states that "every person shall respect the dignity,
personality, privacy, and peace of mind of his neighbors and other persons. A practitioner s
right to free expression, therefore, does not allow him to disclose the private affairs of an
individual that may cause thatindividual embarrassment or affect his relations with other
people negatively.

Anti-obscenity. Article 201 of the RPC prohibits practitioners from proliferating immoral
doctrines, obscene publications and exhibitions, and indecent shows to safeguard public
morals, especially those of the youth.

Copyright law. The law also prohibits practitioners from committing copyright infringement.
This is to protect intellectual property, such as books, periodicals materials prepared for oral
delivery (e.g. lectures and dissertations), compositions, works of art, and photographs.

Laws on national security. Communication practitioners are prohibited from inciting people
to sedition or rebellion against the State. A practitioner commits sedition when he:
 incites others to rebellion;
 defames the government or any of its constituted authorities;
 disturbs or obstructs a lawful officer from performing his duties;
 instigates others to conspire and meet together for unlawful purposes; and
 suggests or incites rebellious conspiracies or riots (Malinao, 2004).

Contempt of court. Communication practitioners are liable to judicial contemptwhen they

"directly or indirectly impede, obstruct, or degrade the administration ofjustice. This happens
when their material:
 dearly shows tendency to impede the administration of justice;
 is directed toward the court and is not a report of fair comment upon an action
before the court; and
 it takes place while the case is pending or has not been decided (Malinao, 2004).

Overall, it can be concluded that a communicator's right to free expression ends

when it violates the rights of others.

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III. ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
Competency: Distinguish between ethical and unethical behavior among practitioners.
Date: January 11 – 15, 2021
Instructions: Situation Analysis. Identify whether the communication practitioner in each
situation is being ethical or not. E if the practice is ethical, UE if it is unethical, and D if it
depends. Defend your answer.
HPS:20
_____1. A journalist receives money from a news source with the assurance that it carries
no obligation whatsoever.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____2. A reporter refuses to reveal the identity of his source in a controversial issue
despite public clamor.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____3. A public relations officer denies the harmful side effects of his client company’s
latest product to protect its reputation.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____4. A news correspondent gives his fellow reporters a false lead to gain an exclusive.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____5. A journalist publishes the name of a rape victim, who is also a minor.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____6. A news correspondent reveals the name of the source in a court trial.
________________________________________________________________________
_____7. A news anchor endorses the whitening product she uses during a news report on
substandard beauty products.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____8. A press release writer quotes a famous personality in the speech he is making for
the congressman.
________________________________________________________________________
_____9. A campaign manager makes a jingle which pokes fun of his client’s competitors.
________________________________________________________________________
_____10. A photojournalist publishes the picture of a pair of lovers in Luneta Park for their
paper’s Valentine’s special.
________________________________________________________________________

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 Activity 2
Competency: Explain the roles and functions of communicators and journalists.
Date: January 11 – 15, 2021

Title: MY ESSAY

INSTRUCTIONS: Covid 19 pandemic has brought about relevant or sensational news story
(newspaper, magazine, journal, articles from the internet) .Based on what you have seen or
read, write an essay explaining the roles and functions of communicators and journalists.
Write it in a short bond paper.
HPS: 20

ESSAY RUBRIC

STANDARDS POINTS POINTS OBTAINED

You wrote a thorough piece detailing the roles and
functions of communicators and journalists 10
You organized your ideas well 5
You used correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation
in writing your essay 5
TOTAL 20

Activity 3
Competency: Construct a model communicator/journalist in a specific work area.
Date: January 11-15, 2021
INSTRUCTIONS: Now that you are done with this lesson, select and make a self-model
standee on what particular area of specialization that you consider if you choose to pursue
a career in communication. You can use any recycled materials and the length of your
output is 1 foot (12 inches ruler). Write a brief explanation on your output in a short bond
paper.

HPS: 20
RUBRIC FOR THE STANDEE

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS POINTS OBTAINED

CREATIVITY The concept was clearly and
/MESSAGE creatively conveyed. You 10
explained your output well.
CONSTRUCTION Output is clean and
presentable. Recycled 5
materials were used.
EFFORT The output is far beyond
required, the output is durable. 5
TOTAL 20

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IV. EVALUATION:
Date: January 4-8, 2021
INSTRUCTIONS: Read and analyze each question. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided.
HPS: 15
_____1. What level of communication mainly involves the self, and mostly takes place
during self-reflection and self-examination?
a. Interpersonal communication c. Organizational communication
b. Intrapersonal communication d. Small-group communication
_____2. Which of the following is NOT a function of Mass communication?
a. to advertise b. to entertain c. to inform d. to persuade
_____3. What model states that individuals not only send and receive messages
simultaneously, but they also have a shared interpretation of these messages?
a. circular model b. linear model c. publicity model d. transactional
model
_____4. What is the responsibility of news media, whether electronic or print?
a. Dissemination of information c. Impart entertainment
b. Distribution of knowledge d. Share events around the world
_____5. What is anything that can interfere with how a receiver gets or interprets a
message?
a. channel b. code c. feedback d. noise
_____6. What are the main communication symbols?
a. Action b. pictures c. words
_____7. What is the actual thought or sentiment that a source communicates to the
receiver?
a. channel b. code c. feedback d. message
_____8. Which is an example of a dyadic communication?
a. Maria had a conversation with her mother and father
b. A teacher discusses her lesson to her students
c. An employer talks to his employee
d. A child talks to himself
_____9. What level of communication are concerned not only with the effectiveness of
communication, but also the negative and positive effects of communication on the entire
organization?
a. Intercultural communication c. Organizational communication
b. Mass Communication d. Public communication
_____10. Which serve as roadmaps for understanding communicative behavior and
diagnosing communication problems.
a. Communication models c. Publicity Models
b. Transmission Model d. Transaction Model
_____11. Which is the actual thought or sentiment that a source communicates to the
receiver?
a. channel b. feedback c. message d. people
_____12. Which a process of dyadic, relational communication with a predetermined and
serious purpose designed to interchange behavior and involving the asking and answering
of questions?
a. interviewing c. Mass Communication
b. Intercultural communication d. Public communication
______13. Which of the following is NOT an example of electronic media?
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 a. journals b. magazines c. newspapers d. Internet
_____14. Which of the following are the goals of communication?
a. to develop a career, to inform and be informed, to persuade and influence, to build
and maintain relationships
b. to develop a career, to inform and be informed, to persuade and influence, to build
and connect worldwide
c. to develop a career, to inform others who are less fortunate, to persuade and influence,
to build and maintain relationships,
d. to develop a career, to inform and be informed, to satisfy and entertain, to build and
maintain relationships,
_____15. Which is NOT a principle of communication?
a. Communication is dynamic c. Communication has no opposite
b. Communication is exclusive d. Communication is competence-based.

V. REFERENCES

Abadingo, L. E. (2018). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. Quezon City:
C&E Publishing, Inc.
Cauyan, J. M. (2017). Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences. Quezon City: Vibal
Group Inc.
Cleofe, M. B. (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences. Makati City: Diwa
Learning Systems Inc.

VI. ANSWER KEY

Activity 1
1. Universal communication 6. unrepeatable
2. Internal vocalization 7. affective
3. Rules 8. pitch
4. Instrumental 9. hearing
5. To regulate behavior 10. drowsiness

Test B. Answers may vary

Activity 2
Answers may vary depending on the rubrics.

Activity 3
The answers are also open but should follow the criteria.

VII. ADDITIONAL READINGS

Into the Depths of the Journalist's Mind

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If you are curious on what is going on in the minds of journalists when they are seeking and
writing newsworthy events, the following are what guides them in the practice and the
process:
 Rules, routines, institutionalized procedures, and systems of classification in the
production of knowledge
 Factors that help them decide what is sufficiently true and authoritative on what they
are about to report to the public.

As for your part, being an audience of news is not an easy task. A single news report is
not the absolute truth about a certain event or story. Try comparing news stories from different
media platforms and different times and you will observe some differences in the way they
package the event. Why is this so? Journalists are also employees of news organizations
and are thus affected by contending personal and institutional factors. Writing a piece of news
is not as easy either.

According to Ekström (2002), journalism is not in the business of merely coming up with first-
hand accounts of events. News organizations are normally part of an established network of
sources of news information. These pieces of information are pooled so that journalists
maybe able to access them (with or without a fee) and to report them to their respective
audiences.

There are also news and information which are merely recycled or rehashed from other
accounts. This is true when news organizations rely on news wire services (or those
newsgathering agencies that provide or supply news to other news delivery organizations).
Critical thinking is tied with communication. Critical thinking is an important attribute of an
individual who is literate in media and information, and especially of someone who wishes to
engage in the discipline of communication. As communicators, journalists must always invite
discourse from their audiences. If these media practitioners fail to grab your attention, you
will not be forced to take a certain stand or position regarding an issue. But once they get
your attention, they will aggressively (but covertly) condition you to talk about issues and
share your thoughts to other people.

Reflect Upon

1. What is the primary function of news in your life? Why do you say so?
2. How do you display critical thinking when you encounter news content?
3. Do you find most news reports to be presenting bad news? What is your stand in the
choice and delivery of these reports?
4. Why should young people like you always keep yourselves informed of the happenings
around you?
5. What is the importance of journalists and communication practitioners to your life?

Subject Teacher: ____________________________

Contact Number: ____________________________

Prepared by:
Name:TEA AGNES C. LASALA
School: LAWAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Contact No: 09617806373/ 09338294533
VIII. FEEDBACK NOTES Grade 12 DIASS (HUMSS) WEEK 2
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 LEARNER’S FEEDBACK
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PARENTS’/GUARDIANS’ FEEDBACK
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IX. ANSWER SHEET Grade 12 DIASS (HUMSS) WEEK 2
Control No: _______________

Name: __________________________________ Grade& Sec.: ______________

Contact No:______________
School: _________________________ Subject Teacher:____________________

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