Course Name: Integrated Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics I

Course code: Phar2091

Module Name: Dosage Form Sciences Module
Module Code: Phar-M2091
Course ECTS: 7
Totally required hours for the course: 189hrs
Lecture hours: 64
Study hours: 100
Group work: 0
Project work: 0
Presentation(s): 10
Tutorial: 15
Year/Semester Course is offered: Year II Semester II
Course prerequisite/s: Pharmaceutical Calculations
Course Description:
The design of the course is based on the integration of the study of physico-chemical principles of
pharmacy with the formulation and preparation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The integration
is done within each main class of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The study of the physico-
chemical principles of pharmacy serves as a prologue to the materials covered in each section.
The main focus of this course is the application of the knowledge of the physico-chemical
principles of pharmacy to the rational formulation, compounding, quality control, packaging and
storage of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Course Objectives:
After completion of this course students will be able to:
▪Understand the different types of dosage forms and routes of administration
▪Understand the types of intermolecular interaction forces, the phase rule and phase equilibria
of one, two and three component systems
▪Understand the concepts surface and interfacial tensions, adsorption at liquid and solid
interfaces
▪Define solubility, understand different solubility expressions, the basic concepts behind
gas/liquid and liquid/liquid solutions and solubility of different types of solids in liquids
▪Understand the distribution law, and its applications
165
▪Understand different types of containers, packaging materials, storage conditions and
labeling requirements of pharmaceutical dosage forms 
▪Define and differentiate Newtonian and Non-newtonian systems, understand thixotropic
property of fluids, understand the methods of determination of viscosity and its pharmaceutical
applications
▪Understand sedimentation in suspensions, interfacial property of suspended particles, the
electric double layer and DLVO theory
▪Differentiate between flocculated and deflocculated suspensions and understand rheologic
property of suspensions, preparation methods, and labeling & storage conditions
▪Understand types of emulsions and methods to identify emulsion type, theories of
emulsification and physical instabilities in emulsions, preservation of emulsions & rheology of
emulsions
▪Understand methods of extemporaneous compounding of emulsions, labeling and storage
conditions

Course mode of delivery: Parallel

Course learning and teaching methods:
• • Active participation during class lectures and excursions
• • Engage in learning by doing
• • The course instructor is expected to introduce concepts and topics and give references,
facilitate discussions, ask questions, correct assignments
• • Arrange and facilitate excursions

Assessment techniques:
• • Assignments: 15%
• • Tests:30%
• • Quizzes: 15%
• Final exam: 40% o Be a facilitator (introduce the subject; give
guidance, moderate discussions, etc.)

Teachers’ and students’ role

Roles of Instructors
The instructor will be expected to:
 o Read and comment on the assignments & exercises of
students on time;
o Prepare his/her lessons and deliver lectures;
o Provide available and necessary reference materials;
o Encourage active participation of students in the teaching
learning process;
o Assist students with learning difficulties
o Engage in learning by doing (independent study, group works/exercises, etc.)
o Be active learners (participate effectively in group assignments, class
activities/exercises, etc.);
o Attend classes regularly

Roles of Students
Students are expected to:
References:
Required readings (Text)
1. P. J. Sinko, Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7th Edition, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2016.
2. M. E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics: the science of dosage form design, 7th ed., Churchill
Livingstone, Edinburgh.

Recommended readings
3. M. J. Wilson, Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing, 2nd Edition, Pharmaceutical
press, 2010.
4. L. V. Allen, N. G Popovich, H. C Ansel, Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug
Delivery Systems, 11th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2017.
5. J. E. Thompson and L. Davidow, A Practical Guide to Contemporary Pharmacy Practice, 3rd
edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
6. A. Martin, J. Swarbrick and A. Cammarata, Physical Pharmacy, 3rd Edition, Lea & Febiger,
Philadelphia, 1983.
7. A. T. Florence and D. Attwood, Physico-chemical Principles of Pharmacy, Macmillan
Publishers Ltd., London, 1981
8. S. C. Wallwork and D. J. W. Grant, Physical Chemistry for Students of Pharmacy and Biology,
3rd Edition, Longman Group Ltd., London, 1977.

Course Schedule Contact Hours Topic/sub-topic/

Week chapter/
Assessments/
Assignments
1
• Introduction to dosage forms and routes of
drug administration
 o Definition, the need for dosage
forms, classification, overview of dosage
form design
o Introduction to pharmaceutical
ingredients (definition, importance)
o Routes of
administration

2 3
• Phase Equilibria
o Introduction to
intermolecular force of
interaction
o The phase rule
o Phase equilibria of single, two and
three component systems (principles and
applications)

3 4
• Interfacial Phenomena
o Liquid interface (surface/interfacial
tension, measurement of surface/interfacial
tension, surface free energy, spreading &
spreading coefficient

• Quiz

4 4
• Interfacial Phenomena (Continued…)
o Adsorption at liquid interfaces
(surfactants: basic concepts, the HLB system
and applications)
o Adsorption at solid interfaces
(Solid/gas interface, solid/liquid interface,
Adsorption isotherms)

5 4
• Solubility and Distribution Phenomena
o Terminologies (solute, solvent,
solution, solubility)
o Solute-solvent interactions (polar,
nonpolar and semi polar solvents)

o Solubility expressions
o Solubility of gases in liquids Factors
.affecting solubility of gases, Solubility calculations

o Solubility of liquids in liquids

▪Ideal and real solutions, complete and partial miscibility, factors affecting solubility
 of liquids

• Solubility and Distribution Phenomena

(Continued…)

o Solubility of solids in liquids

▪ Ideal and non-ideal solubility

▪ Solubility and the heat of solution

▪ Solubility of strong and slightly

soluble electrolytes

▪ Solubility of weak electrolytes

(effect of pH)

▪ The influence of solvents on the

solubility of drugs

▪ Influence of surfactants

▪ Complexation as solubility
enhancing mechanism

▪ Influence of solid state

(polymorphs, amorphous, solvates)

o Distribution phenomena

▪ Distribution law

▪ Effect of molecular association and

ionic dissociation

▪ Applications

7 • Test I

7
• Packaging and storage of
pharmaceuticals o Introduction
 (definitions and
terminologies)
o Packaging materials
o Closures
o Labeling
pharmaceutical dosage forms
o Storage, stability of
pharmaceuticals and beyond
use date

8 1
• Packaging and
storage of pharmaceuticals
(Continued…) o Labeling
pharmaceutical dosage
forms
o Storage,
stability of
pharmaceuticals
and beyond use
date

• Quiz

9 4
• Pharmaceutical
Solutions o
Introduction
o Formulation
of solutions (API
and Excipients)
o General
methods of
preparation
o Solutions
taken orally

10 4
• Pharmaceutical
Solutions (Continued…) o
Solutions used in
the mouth and
throat
o Solutions
instilled into
body cavities
o Topical
solutions
o Injectables
(sterile products)
11 4
• Rheology o
Introduction

o Newtonian and Non-Newtonian

systems

12
• Rheology (Continued…) o
Thixotropy
o Determination of
viscosity
o Pharmaceutical
applications of rheology

13
• • Test II

13 4
• Colloids o
Introduction
(definition,
classification and
applications)
o Optical
properties of
colloids
o Kinetic
properties of
colloids
o Electrical
properties of
colloids

14 3
• Pharmaceutical
Suspensions o
Introduction
o Desirable
properties
o
Sedimentation in
suspensions
o Interfacial
properties of
 suspended particles
o Electrical
properties of suspended
particles (EDL and DLVO
theory)

15 4
• Pharmaceutical
Suspensions (Continued…)
o Flocculated/deflocculated
suspensions (properties and
evaluations)
o Formulation
approaches (structure
vehicle, controlled
flocculation and
combination)

o Rheology of suspension
o Preparation of suspensions (diffusible, indiffusable,
poorly wettable solids)
o Label and storage

16
• Pharmaceutical Emulsions o
Introduction
o Determination of
emulsion type
o Theories of emulsification
(surface free energy, mechanisms of
stabilization by emulsifying agents)
o Physical instabilities
(creaming, flocculation, cracking, phase
inversion)
o Preservation of
emulsion
o Rheology of
emulsion
o Preparation of
emulsion
o Labelling and storage

FINAL EXAM