Marathwada Institute of Technology, Bulandshahr (U.P.

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

SUBJECT NOTES

KMC101 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(UNIT –I ) An overview to AI ,The evolution of AI to the present , Various approaches to AI , What

should all engineers know about AI, Other emerging technologies ,AI and ethical concerns

(UNIT-2) :- Data & Algorithms , History Of Data , Data Storage And Importance of Data and its
Acquisition , The Stages of data processing , Data Visualization , Regression, Prediction &
Classification ,Clustering & Recommender Systems.

(UNIT-3) :- Natural Language Processing , Speech recognition , Natural language understanding ,

Natural language generation ,Chatbots ,Machine Translation

(UNIT-4):- Artificial Neural Networks , Deep Learning , Recurrent Neural Networks ,Convolutional
Neural Networks , The Universal Approximation Theorem ,Generative Adversarial Networks .

(UNIT-5) :- Applications , Image and face recognition , Object recognition , Speech Recognition besides
Computer Vision ,Robots , Applications.

B.TECH-I/KMC 101/AI/U-1/N-1/ Prof. Rashmi Bhardwaj

THE OVERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:-

Artificial intelligence (AI) is wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building
smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is an
interdisciplinary science with multiple approaches, but advancements in machine learning and
deep learning are creating a paradigm shift in virtually every sector of the tech industry.
1. Thinking humanly
2. Thinking rationally
3. Acting humanly
4. Acting rationally
Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that programmed to
think like humans and mimic their actions. e.g. - Self-driving cars, Amazon Alexa, Siri, Google
maps, etc.

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 Key Differences Between Artificial Intelligence
and Human Intelligence
Human intelligence revolves around adapting to the environment using a combination of
several cognitive processes. The field of Artificial intelligence focuses on designing machines
that can mimic human behavior.

Branches of artificial intelligence

 Computational creativity –
 Machine learning. Neural networks – Hybrid neural network – ...
 Fuzzy systems –
 Evolutionary computation, including: Evolutionary algorithms – Genetic algorithm – ...
 Probabilistic methods including: Bayesian network. Hidden Markov model. ...
 Chaos theory.

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Artificial intelligence approachs
Description
In artificial intelligence research, the situated approach builds
agents that are designed to behave effectively successfully in
their environment. This requires designing AI "from the bottom-
up" by focussing on the basic perceptual and motor skills required
to survive.

Reactive Machines
These machines are the most basic form of AI applications. Examples of reactive machines
are games like Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-playing supercomputer. This is the same computer
that beat the world’s then Grand Master Gary Kasparov. The AI teams do not use any
training sets to feed the machines, nor do the latter store data for future references. Based
on the move made by the opponent, the machine decides/predicts the next move.

Limited Memory
These machines belong to the class II category of AI applications. Self-driven cars are the
perfect example. These machines are fed with data and are trained with other cars’ speed
and direction, lane markings, traffic lights, curves of roads, and other important factors, over
time.

Theory of Mind
This is where we are, struggling to make this concept work, however, we are not there yet.
Theory of mind is the concept where the bots will be able to understand the human
emotions, thoughts, and how they react to them. If the AI-powered machines are ever to
mingle with us and move around with us, understanding human behavior is imperative.
And then, reacting to such behaviors accordingly is the requirement.
Self-Awareness
These machines are the extension of the Class III type of AI. It is one step ahead of
understanding human emotions. This is the phase where the AI teams build machines with
self-awareness factor programmed in them. Building self-aware machines seem far-fetched
from where we stand today. Here’s an instance. When someone is honking from behind, the

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machines should be able to feel the emotion. That’s when they understand how it feels
when they honk at someone back.

What are the uses of Artificial Intelligence?

We have been cohabiting with AI and its applications without realizing the technology
behind them. The Siri app, the suggestions that appear while searching on Google, the
amazing Amazon’s Alexa, and the list can go on.

Marketing

AI has influenced the marketing sector in the most phenomenal way possible. There was a
time when people used to steer clear of marketing gimmicks due to a lack of trust.

However, times have changed. Retails businesses have found a subtle way of marketing
these days. The AI-powered recommendation systems are quite apt at making perfect
suggestions that are too good to be ignored. The Amazon suggestions to buy a product
based on your previous purchases, Netflix movie recommendations, then Walmart’s strategy
of placing bread diapers and the butter together after identifying the patterns of frequent
buyers. These are all marketing strategies implemented by the businesses based on the
customers’ purchase data.

Banking
AI has made its way to banking and has brought drastic changes in terms of fraud detection,
customer support, identifying the likely defaulters of credit payments, etc. Based on the
salary, age, and previous credit card history, the reputed banks use the data to predict the
likely defaulters before they issue credit cards.

Also, the top banks rely on AI and Deep Learning technologies to detect the fraudulent
practices of potential customers in the past. And then they prevent them by taking
appropriate measures well in advance.

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Finance
The finance sector is thriving as it relies on the data scientists to make predictions that
dictate the financial dealings and stock market trading.

The machines are fed with a humungous amount of data that they process within a short
span of time, identify the patterns, provide insights, and then make predictions.

As there is no scope for errors, the financial organizations are depending on the machine-
generated predictions to improve stock market trading and profits.

Agriculture
Agriculture has been one of the oldest forms of occupation in the world. Farmers these days
use the trends in AI for improving agricultural accuracy and productivity.
A Berlin-based firm PEAT developed an agricultural app called Plantix. This app can predict
the nutrient defects and fertility issues of the soil just from the images. What’s more, the
app also suggests solutions and soil restoration techniques. The start-up also claims that the
app is efficient in making the predictions with 95% accuracy.

Healthcare
This is another industry that is booming with the presence of AI applications. Artificial
Intelligence has played a major role in making predictions in the fields of diagnostics. An AI
algorithm outperformed the doctors in detecting breast cancer with the help of
mammograms.
A team of researchers from Google Health and Imperial College, London came together and
trained a machine to read X-rays of 29,000 women. And the model succeeded in predicting
cancer with more accuracy than a two doctors’ team.

What should all engineers know about AI :-

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 AI depends on the human element. AI augments, but does not replace, human
knowledge and expertise. ...
 AI depends on labeled and unlabeled data as well as the systems that store and access
it. ...
 One AI, many algorithms. ...
 The insight is the benefit of AI. ...
 An AI system depends on the system under which it runs.
 Priorities.
 Never lose the thrist for knowledge.

Chracteristics of Ai
 Computer systems that act like human .
 Program that stimulate the human mind .
 Knowledge representation and mechanistic reasoning .
 Intelligent or rational agent design .

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