ENVIRONMENT

CONTROL

SUBMITTED TO: AR.ZAHID

BY:
ABDUL REHMAN ASHFAQ
ANAS
JUNAID
LAIBA ASHFAQ
MEHWSIH
MIAN AWAIS
ABDULLAH NAWAB
MUHAMMAD USAMA MIRZA
 WHAT IS HVAC?
• Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
 ENVIRONMENT
CONTROL Monitoring and
control system
SYSTEM

HVAC Architectural or Personnel

isolation contamination Cleaning and
system disinfection
system control
system

-Air filtration - Uniform

-Walls -Material
-Pressurization - Mask
-Flooring materials -Method
- Gloves
-Temperature -Door & window -Equipment
-Humidity -Glove box/isolator
-Airborne -Door interlocking
cleanliness device
 1)Provide a specific set of environment condition required for
PURPOSE the manufacturing process.

1) Heating and cooling

2) Humidifying and dehumidifying
FUNCTIONS 3) Cleaning the air
4) Regulate air flow
5) Pressurization

1) To prevent contamination
USES 2) To provide comfortable working conditions

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Heating is significant in maintaining
adequate room temperature especially
during cold weather conditions.

Process of "changing" or replacing air in

any space to control temperature
or remove any combination

Air conditioning and refrigeration are

provided through the removal of heat

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 WHAT DOES IT DO?

• HVAC is a basic requirement for your indoor air

quality, what you breathe, temperature, humidity --
in your house.

• So when you hear the term "HVAC" it means the

entire air system of your home.
 HISTORY OF HVAC

• IN 1851 Dr John Gorrie was granted U.S. Patent for

refrigeration machine.
• In 1880 refrigeration became available for industrial
purpose. Initially two major uses –freezing meat for
transport and making ice.
• Early 1990-new initiative to keep building cool for
comfort.
• 1902 cooling the New York stock exchange-one of
the first comfort cooling system.
 HVAC SYSTEM
HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) refers
to technology of indoor and automotive environmental
comfort. HVAC system design is a major sub discipline
of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of
thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.
Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's
abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is
dropped as in HACR. HVAC is desirable for the health
and comfort of building occupants. In some cases,
though HVAC may be necessary in manufacturing
process, storage of products or operation of
equipments such as computers, machineries etc.
So the HVAC System have 3
parts :

 Heating
 Ventilating
 Air-conditioning
 NEED OF HVAC SYSTEM
• Improvement of the air quality

• Moisture regulation

• Depression

• Maintenance of the constant temperature throughout

the year

• Energy conservation
 HVAC COMPONENTS

• Furnace
• Heat exchanger
• Ducts
• Vents
• Air Conditioning Unit
• Evaporator Coils
• Condensing Unit
 Heating for Comfort
• In cold region, it is necessary to keep warmth in
the building; therefore some artificial measures need
to be taken.
• The primary sources of heat for buildings heating-
systems are fossil fuels, natural gas, and various
grades of fuel oils and coal.
• Electricity is used under certain circumstances for
heating in commercial buildings including
perimeter zone heating and service water heating.
 Heating for Comfort
• The heating plant produces heat and distribution
systems like ducts, fans and pumps, terminal
devices and auxiliary equipment distributed to the
intended places. The equipment that produces heat
are furnace, boilers and furnaces, heat pumps,
heat exchangers, etc.
 FURNACE
• As part of the HVAC, the furnace
heats the air that circulates in the
home.

• The quality of air in the home can

be influenced by how often you
change the air filter on your unit.

• Usually the Air Conditioner is

outside, and the furnace is inside
the house.

• The HVAC uses the same venting

system for both.
 WHAT ARE BTU’S AND EER’S
• BTU or British Thermal Units, are the amount of heat
required to raise the temp. of one pound of water, 1
degree Fahrenheit. 1 ton= 12,000BTU.

• EER is Energy Efficiency Rating and tells you the

BTU rating over the wattage. The higher the EER, the
better the energy efficiency, but it will probably cost
more.
Boilers
 Heating for Comfort
• Boilers for buildings are classified as – low
pressure and high pressure boilers.
Low pressure boilers
• Steam boilers with operating pressure below 100 kPa
and hot water boilers with pressure below 1000 kPa,
temperature are limited t 120 0C.
High pressure boilers
• Steam boilers with operating pressure above 100 kPa
and hot water boilers with pressure below 1000 kPa,
temperature are limited to 120 0C
Heating : Heating is a process of transferring heat from a heat
source such as a furnace, heat exchanger, radiant panel or
electric coil to any space within a building.
There are different types of standard heating systems. Central
heating system provides warmth to the whole interior of a
building (or portion of building) from one point to multiple
rooms. When combined with other system in order to control
the building climate, the whole system may be a HVAC system.
The central heating system contains a boiler, furnace or heat
pump to heat water, steam or air, and placed in a central
location such as a furnace room or a mechanical room.
Local heating is provided from individual unit installing at each
room. Generally individual heating is carried out by electric
resistance using filament that becomes hot when electricity is
caused to pass through it.
 HEATING

CONVECTION-Collective movement of groups

of molecules within fluids , through diffusion

CONDUCTION -Transfer of internal energy by

microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles within a
body due to a temperature gradient.

RADIATION- Electromagnetic waves (EMR) travel

through a vacuum or through matter-containing media.
 GENERATION OF HEAT
• Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including solid
fuels, liquids, and gases.

• Another type of heat source is electricity, typically

heating ribbons made of high resistance wire.

• This principle is also used for baseboard heaters and

portable heaters.

• Electrical heaters are often used as backup or

supplemental heat for heat pump systems.
 DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT
• WATER/STEAM
• Piping is used to transport the heat to the rooms.
• Modern hot water boiler heating systems have a
circulator, which is a pump, to move hot water
through the distribution system .

• AIR-
• Warm air systems distribute heated air through duct
work systems of supply and return air through metal
or fiberglass ducts.
• Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air
cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning.
 Schematic Representation of HVAC system

Outside air
Distribution network

Exhaust Heating coil

outlet fan Cooling coil humidifier

80% 20%
Intermediat
Mixing Pre-filter e filter
chamber

Valve / Dampers

Return air

Room HEPA
filter

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Air handling unit Air distribution Air filters
• Blower/Fan • Pre-filter
• Heating and
Network
• Duct network •Intermediates or
cooling coils low efficiency
• Humidifiers • Insulators
• Dampers or valves filter
• Dehumidifiers • Terminal filter
(HEPA filter)

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 Humidity/Temp./ Pressure sensors

•This function board is used to

measure humidity.
•Temperature sensors are devices used to
measure the temperature.

A pressure sensor measures pressure, typically

of gases or liquids.

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 Heating coils

A heating coil is a piece of equipment built

for efficient heat transfer from one medium to
another

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1. Health-Care Facilities
Residences
2. Educational Facilities
3. Laboratories
4. Pharmaceutical
Industries
5. Non Pharmaceutical
Industries
6. Tall Buildings
7. Hotels
8. Places of Assembly
9. Nuclear Facilities
10. Commercial and Public
Buildings

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