Talking about Reasons (because / because of)

We use 'because' and 'because of' to express the reason behind an action or event. As a conjunction, because is
followed by a clause. Because of is followed by a noun/pronoun.
-We can't go outside because it's raining.
-We can't go outside because of the rainy weather.

-He was always alone because he was too shy.

-It is dangerous to drive when it's raining because the ground is slippery.

-She couldn't attend the gala because of her sickness.

-They are not allowed inside because of their age.

In case/ in case of

“in case” has several meanings. The most popular ones are:

• Talking about precautions or being prepared for a possible event or situation, for example:

I’ll bring an umbrella in case it rains.

• Providing reasons and explanations for an action or decision, for example:

I packed an extra snack in case I get hungry.

• Introducing a conditional clause under which something might happen or be done, for example:

In case of emergency, call 911.

In case of

This one should always be followed by a noun or a noun phrase. Here are some examples:

-In case of danger, call Dad.

-You should notify your boss in case of delays.

-The concert will be rescheduled in case of bad weather.

Just in case

It describes the unlikeliness of the situation you are going to prepare for. For example

-You don’t expect rain, but take an umbrella just in case.

Here are some other sentences with this phrase:

-She keeps a spare key in her bag just in case she misplaces the original.

-He packed an extra stack of clothes just in case he spills something on himself.

-Save my phone number just in case you need my help.

The Difference between During and While

These words are similar in meaning (function), but they are used different grammatically. The main difference
between during and while is as follows:

A Noun is Used after 'During'

For example,

• During dinner, we talked about school.

• She slept during the movie.
• Do not talk during the test.

A noun always comes after the word 'during'. The word during is a preposition, not a conjunction.

A Clause is Used after 'While'

A clause has a subject and a verb (not just a noun). For example,

• While we ate dinner, we talked about school.

• She slept while the movie played.
• Do not talk while students write the test.

You need to put a subject and a verb after while to make a sentence, for example: While she studied, he
watched TV.