OSIAS COLLEGES INC.

F. Tanedo St. San Nicolas, Tarlac City

Tel. No. 045-982-02-45
NAME: DEVY MAR M. TOPIA DATE: NOVEMBER 8, 2023
COURSE/YEAR:. BSBA-FM2 TEACHER: SIR NELSON CALDERON

ETHICAL DILEMMA: WHOSE LIFE IS MORE VALUE – REBECCA L. WALKER

The ethical dilemma presented in the scenario revolves around the use of animals, specifically monkeys, for scientific
research aimed at protecting humanity from the potential resurgence of smallpox. This dilemma raises several moral
considerations.
On one hand, there is a compelling argument that human health and safety are of paramount importance. Smallpox is a
highly lethal disease, and the research is intended to develop treatments and vaccines that could save human lives in the
event of an outbreak. The use of animals, in this case, is to protect human health. On the other hand, this dilemma brings up
ethical concerns about the treatment of animals in research. Monkeys, like all animals, have intrinsic value and deserve
ethical consideration. Harming or sacrificing animals for human benefit is a contentious issue. Ethical principles demand
that animals be treated with care, and suffering should be minimized as much as possible.
However, it’s essential to consider whether there are alternative research methods or models that can be used instead of
animals. In recent years, there has been a push for alternatives such as in vitro studies, computer modeling, or the use of
non-animal models to reduce animal testing. Ultimately, this dilemma highlights the challenging decisions that arise in the
field of medical research, where important human interests are weighed against ethical considerations regarding the
treatment of animals. It underscores the need for transparency, ethical review processes, and ongoing efforts to find
alternatives to animal research whenever possible.
The ethical dilemma presented in the scenario, which involves the use of animals in scientific research, has relevance to my
future career as a professional in several ways. As a future professional, I will likely encounter various ethical dilemmas in
my field of work. This scenario serves as a reminder of the importance of developing ethical decision-making skills. It
emphasizes the need to weigh competing interests, consider moral principles, and make informed and morally justifiable
choices in a professional context. The scenario highlights the responsibility and accountability that professionals have in
their roles. In the case of animal research, professionals must ensure that their actions are consistent with ethical standards,
legal regulations, and the well-being of all stakeholders involved. This concept of responsibility extends to various
professions where ethical considerations are crucial.
It underscores the importance of being aware of and informed about ethical issues in one’s field. Ethical considerations are
not limited to the use of animals in research but extend to various areas, including patient care, business practices,
environmental sustainability, and more. Being cognizant of these issues and engaging in ethical discussions is essential for
making responsible professional choices. Professionals often operate within ethical frameworks and guidelines established
by their respective industries or organizations. Understanding these frameworks and applying them to real-world situations
is a key aspect of ethical professionalism. In the case of animal research, professionals would need to adhere to relevant
regulations and ethical standards. Ethical considerations can evolve over time. As a future professional, it is important to
engage in ongoing learning and adapt to changing ethical norms and societal expectations. Staying informed about ethical
developments in one’s field is crucial for maintaining professional integrity.
In sum, the scenario presented serves as a case study for the broader principles of ethical decision-making, responsibility,
and awareness that are essential for any future career. It underscores the importance of developing the skills and knowledge
necessary to address ethical dilemmas and make ethical choices as a responsible and effective professional.
 OSIAS COLLEGES INC.
F. Tanedo St. San Nicolas, Tarlac City
Tel. No. 045-982-02-45
NAME: DEVY MAR M. TOPIA DATE: NOVEMBER 8, 2023
COURSE/YEAR:. BSBA-FM2 TEACHER: SIR NELSON CALDERON

THE THREE LEVELS OF MORAL DILEMMA

Moral dilemmas are situations in which individuals or groups face conflicting moral principles, values, or duties, making it
challenging to determine the morally right course of action. These dilemmas often involve a choice between two or more
options, each with ethical implications. Moral dilemmas are complex and may not have clear-cut solutions. They challenge
individuals to consider their values, ethical principles, and the consequences of their choices. Resolving moral dilemmas
often involves careful reflection, ethical reasoning, and weighing the potential outcomes to make informed and ethically
defensible decisions.
Personal moral dilemmas are ethical challenges that individuals face in their own lives, often involving difficult decisions
where they must navigate conflicting moral principles, values, or duties. These dilemmas are deeply personal and can vary
significantly from one individual to another, depending on their beliefs, experiences, and circumstances. Organizational
moral dilemmas are ethical challenges that organizations or businesses face when making decisions that involve competing
values, principles, or interests. These dilemmas often arise in the context of business operations, corporate governance, and
interactions with stakeholders. Structural moral dilemmas are ethical challenges that arise from systemic or institutional
arrangements, policies, or practices. Unlike individual moral dilemmas that involve personal choices, structural moral
dilemmas are embedded in the broader framework of organizations, societies, or systems. These dilemmas typically revolve
around issues of justice, fairness, and the distribution of benefits and burdens.
Learning about personal, organizational, and structural moral dilemmas is crucial for anyone aspiring to be an effective
professional in the future. First is ethical dilemmas are an inherent part of professional life. Understanding personal moral
dilemmas helps you develop strong ethical decision-making skills, enabling you to make choices that align with your values
and principles. Aside from that, professionals are often held to high ethical standards. Learning about personal moral
dilemmas allows you to cultivate a strong sense of personal integrity. This integrity forms the foundation of your
professional identity, reinforcing the importance of ethical conduct in your work. Furthermore, many organizations have
established ethical codes, guidelines, and policies. Being aware of organizational moral dilemmas helps you align your
behavior with these standards. It ensures that you contribute to a culture of ethical behavior within your workplace, which
is valued by employers and colleagues.
Moreover, professional life often involves conflicts of interest and values. Learning about structural moral dilemmas helps
you analyze and address systemic issues within organizations. Your ability to propose ethical solutions and navigate
conflicts can be highly valuable to employers and clients. Understanding structural moral dilemmas helps you recognize
and address legal and regulatory compliance issues. It's important for professionals to ensure that their actions and their
organizations' practices adhere to legal and ethical standards. Dealing with moral dilemmas at all levels (personal,
organizational, and structural) enhances your problem-solving skills. This allows you to approach complex issues
methodically, consider multiple perspectives, and find solutions that balance ethics and practicality.
In summary, learning about personal, organizational, and structural moral dilemmas is essential for personal and
professional growth. It equips you with the skills and knowledge to navigate ethical challenges, uphold ethical standards,
and contribute positively to your future career, whether in a specific profession, business, government, or any other sector.
It helps you become an effective and ethical professional, which is highly valued by employers, clients, and society as a
whole.
 OSIAS COLLEGES INC.
F. Tanedo St. San Nicolas, Tarlac City
Tel. No. 045-982-02-45
NAME: DEVY MAR M. TOPIA DATE: NOVEMBER 8, 2023
COURSE/YEAR:. BSBA-FM2 TEACHER: SIR NELSON CALDERON

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CANNIBALISM – BILL SCHUTT

Cannibalism, the practice of consuming the flesh or organs of members of the same species, has a long and complex history.
While it's a topic often associated with horror stories and extreme taboos, it has occurred in various forms and contexts
throughout human history and across different cultures. Archaeological evidence suggests that prehistoric humans practiced
cannibalism for various reasons, including ritualistic purposes, survival in times of extreme hardship, and as part of burial
rituals. Some researchers argue that prehistoric cannibalism was likely driven more by practical considerations than cultural
or dietary preferences. It's important to note that while cannibalism has occurred in various contexts, it is not representative
of human behavior as a whole. The vast majority of human societies reject and condemn cannibalism. Today, it is illegal
and considered a grave ethical violation in most parts of the world.
The history of cannibalism reflects the complexity of human behavior, with instances ranging from survival-driven acts in
dire circumstances to cultural and ritualistic practices. It also serves as a stark reminder of the boundaries between cultural
relativism and universal moral norms. The history of cannibalism indeed raises ethical dilemmas and offers lessons that can
be important for your future career as an effective professional, depending on the field you choose. Cannibalism throughout
history often involves complex ethical questions. Examining these cases can enhance your ethical awareness, which is
crucial in professions where you'll need to make morally sound decisions. For example, it can be pertinent in healthcare,
law, social work, and various research disciplines.
Furthermore, the study of cannibalism can challenge your moral and ethical reasoning skills. It can help you practice
weighing conflicting principles and values, which is valuable in roles that require ethical decision-making, such as
counseling, ethics committees, or advocacy. Cannibalism has been practiced in different cultural contexts. Learning about
these practices can foster cultural sensitivity and a better understanding of diverse perspectives. This is especially relevant
in careers involving cross-cultural interactions, such as international business, diplomacy, or international relations.
Understanding the historical context of cannibalism can be beneficial in fields that involve historical analysis, such as
history, anthropology, archaeology, and even literature. It provides depth and context for your research and interpretations.
Knowledge of the history of cannibalism can be relevant in conflict resolution and negotiation, where understanding the
underlying cultural and historical factors can help in finding common ground and resolving disputes. The study of
cannibalism is often interdisciplinary, involving fields like anthropology, history, psychology, and ethics. This
interdisciplinary approach can be valuable in professions that require a broad understanding of complex issues.
To sum up, while the history of cannibalism may not have direct relevance to all professions, its study can foster ethical
awareness, cultural sensitivity, and critical thinking, which are valuable skills in a wide range of careers. Ultimately, the
importance of this knowledge will depend on your specific career goals and interests.