Introduction
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization that was
established in 1945 with the goal of promoting international
cooperation and addressing global issues. The UN has 193 member
countries and works to promote peace, protect human rights, and
provide humanitarian assistance. It plays a vital role in addressing
global challenges and promoting international cooperation. Its work
includes peacekeeping operations, humanitarian assistance, arms
control, and the promotion of human rights and sustainable
development.
Main Organs
The United Nations (UN) is composed of six main organs:
The General Assembly: This is the main deliberative body of the UN
and is composed of representatives from all member states. The
General Assembly is responsible for discussing and coordinating on a
wide range of international issues.
The Security Council: This body is responsible for maintaining
international peace and security. The Security Council has the power
to take collective action, including the use of force, to maintain peace
and security.
The Economic and Social Council: This body is responsible for
promoting international economic and social cooperation and
development. It works with the specialized agencies of the UN system,
such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the
World Health Organization.
The International Court of Justice: This is the main judicial body of the
UN and is also known as the World Court. The Court settles legal
disputes submitted to it by states and gives advisory opinions on legal
questions.
The Secretariat: This is the administrative body of the UN and is
responsible for carrying out the day-to-day work of the organization.
The Trusteeship Council: This body was established to oversee the
administration of trust territories, which were territories that were
under the administration of a UN member state (trustee) on behalf of
the international community.
United Nations Charter, Chapter I:
Purposes and Principles
Article 1
The Purposes of the United Nations are:
Maintaining international peace and security: The UN’s primary
responsibility is to maintain international peace and security. This
includes preventing and resolving conflicts, as well as taking collective
action to maintain peace and security in the face of threats to
international peace and security, such as acts of aggression or terrorist
attacks.
Promoting and protecting human rights: The UN is responsible for
promoting and protecting human rights, including the rights of women
and children, and promoting social and economic development.
Providing humanitarian assistance: The UN is responsible for
providing humanitarian assistance to those in needs, including
refugees and internally displaced persons.
Promoting sustainable development: The UN works to promote
sustainable development and reduce poverty, through programs such
as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Facilitating international cooperation: The UN serves as a forum for
nations to cooperate on a wide range of issues, including economic
and social development, environmental protection, and disarmament.
Representing collective interests: The UN is representative of the
international community and coordinates collective action to address
global issues.
Providing peacekeeping: UN peacekeeping forces are deployed to
help countries maintain peace and security in regions affected by
conflict.
Promote rule of law: the UN works with countries to strengthen the
rule of law, including through programs that promote human rights,
democracy and justice.
Provide humanitarian aid: UN provides humanitarian relief operations
in areas that are beyond the capacity of the national authority alone.
The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is
vested with the responsibility to coordinate responses to
emergencies.
Upholds International Law. This has been an essential part of the
working of the UN organization. The UN Charter is an instrument of
International Law and all the member states are bound by it.
Article 2
The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in
Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.
1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign
equality of all its Members.
2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and
benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith
the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the
present Charter.
3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by
peaceful means in such a manner that international peace
and security, and justice, are not endangered.
4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations
from the threat or use of force against the territorial
integrity or political independence of any state, or in any
other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United
Nations.
5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance
in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter,
and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against
which the United Nations is taking preventive or
enforcement action.
6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not
Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these
Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of
international peace and security.
7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the
United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially
within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require
the Members to submit such matters to settlement under
the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the
application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll.
Function and Power of the UNO (United Nations Organization)
The functions of the United Nations Organisation are as follows:
1. To maintain security and international peace is at the
forefront.
2. To endeavour to develop good and friendly relations among
different nations.
3. To ensure respect for human rights and that they are not
violated by anyone and the universal fundamental freedom
is maintained.
4. To arbitrate and garner cooperation to solve problems of
socio, economic, and cultural nature.
5. The maintenance of international peace and security lead to
arms control and disarmament and eventually reduction of
weapons.
6. To achieve international co-operation in solving
international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or
humanitarian character – deliver humanitarian aid.
7. To promote and encourage respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race,
sex, religion, or language – promote sustainable
development.
8. To establish circumstances under which justice and respect
for the obligations appearing from treaties and other
sources of international law can be maintained – uphold
international law.
9. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

Conclusion
Despite having many short-comings, UN has played a crucial role
making this human society more civil, more peaceful & secure in
comparison to time of its origin at 2nd World War.