Smart City Offer For Value Creators

Smart City Offer for Value Creators
How NOKIA helps cities to prosper in economic, social and environmental sustainability.
Author Jacques Vermeulen

Owner Jacques Vermeulen jacques.vermeulen@nokia.com
Organization Customer Operations
Approver Warren Lemmens, Geoffrey Heydon, Steffen Lange, Philip
Morrisson
Document ID
Document location
27-04-2016 – TypeDocIDHere Nokia External Use © Nokia 2016
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Contents
1 Executive summary .............................................................................................................. 4
1.1 City challenges ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Smart Cities ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Customer engagements ...................................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Go to market ......................................................................................................................... 9
1.3.3 To service provider or not to service provider ................................................................ 9
2 Economic sustainability ....................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Digital economy: Big Data and Open Data ....................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Traffic Monitoring & information systems. ...................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Connected Urban Transit (Bus/Metro) Shelter ................................................................ 13
2.1.4 Connected cars ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.5 Smart Connected Service Vehicle ...................................................................................... 16
3 Social sustainability .............................................................................................................. 19
3.1.1 Smart Home .......................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.2 Social inclusion ...................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.3 Smart Public Space (connected arena).............................................................................. 19
3.1.4 Event management / Crowd control ................................................................................. 21
4 Environmental sustainability ............................................................................................... 23
4.1.1 Smart Building Management System (Smart BMS).......................................................... 23
4.1.2 Smart Waste .......................................................................................................................... 24
4.1.3 Air quality / pollution management ................................................................................... 25
5 Smart City Solution Components ...................................................................................... 26
5.1 Smart City / IoT domains .................................................................................................... 26
5.2 Nokia’s holistic horizontal layered Smart City architecture ........................................... 26
5.3 City devices and sensors ..................................................................................................... 29
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5.4 City-wide access ................................................................................................................... 30
5.4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 30
5.4.2 IoT connectivity .................................................................................................................... 30
5.4.3 Administration, citizens, visitors and enterprises connectivity ..................................... 30
5.5 City Shared Network ............................................................................................................ 32
5.6 City cloud: support of open cloud architecture ............................................................... 32
5.6.1 Data Center and Software Defined Networking (SDN): Nuage Networks..................... 32
5.6.2 Data Center Interconnect ................................................................................................... 33
5.6.3 For Service Providers: Virtualized Evolved Packet Core delivering on the promise of
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software defined Networking (SDN) ....... 33
5.7 IoT/M2M Connectivity Management & Application Enablement Platform .................. 33
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1 Executive summary
1.1 City challenges
Cities are facing exponentially increasing challenges.
Urbanization: Between 2011 and 2050 the urban areas of the world are expected to absorb all
the population growth expected over the four decades and the migration from rural areas to
cities1.
 In 2010 more than half of the world population lived in an urban area. By 2050, this
proportion will increase to 7 out of 10 people2.
 By 2025 there will be 37 mega-cities with a population above 10 million people.3
Urbanization stresses a city in multiple areas, to name a few:
 When the population of a city doubles, crime rates per capita raise 15% on average4.
 Traffic congestion costs for the UK's 18 largest towns and cities has risen to a total of
GBP 4.4 B per year, through wasted fuel, time, and the indirect cost to consumer bills5.
Environmental sustainability: Cities face a number of environmental sustainability challenges,

caused by urbanization (e.g. cities account for 70% of harmful greenhouse gas emissions while
occupying only 2% of global land) or caused by weather or geological events. The world has
realized the need for environmental sustainability and the recent COP21 agreement signed by
over 190 countries introduces commitments and evolving legal obligations.
Economic sustainability:
Cities have to coop with the global financial crisis, stressing cities’ financial models to provision
services and infrastructure investments. Cities are in search of smarter financial models as well
as more efficient and better integrated services and infrastructures in order to operate citizen,
1
United Nations, 2012.
2
WHO.
3
UNEP
4
IDC, 2012.
5
Inrix, 2014
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enterprises and visitor services. On the positive side, broadband connectivity and Internet of
Things (IoT) open possibilities to spur enterprises activities (e.g. in the area of open data).
Today, major urban areas in developed-regions

are, without doubt, economic giants. Half of
global GDP in 2007 came from 380 cities in
developed-regions, with more than 20 percent
of global GDP coming from 190 North
American cities alone6. The 220 largest cities in
developing-regions contributed another 10
percent.
Federal Governments are recognising that the GDP growth of the country is increasingly derived
for the cities. As a result some federal and/or state governments are investing in smart city
initiatives to drive this growth.
By 2025, one-third of these developed-market cities will no longer make the top 600; and one
out of every 20 cities in emerging-markets is likely to see its rank drop out of the top 600. By
2025, 136 new cities are expected to enter the top 600, all of them from the developing world
and overwhelmingly—100 new cities—from China.
These booming urban areas are generating new opportunities to develop smart cities and to
bolster economic growth, attract new business activities and create new jobs.
 The potential economic impact of as much as $11.1 trillion per year in 2025 for IoT 7
applications8.
 Most IoT data are not used currently. The data that are used today are mostly for
anomaly detection and control, not optimization and prediction, which provide the
greatest value8.
 There is large potential for IoT in developing economies9.
 The European Cities Monitor reports cities’ telecoms infrastructure as the 3 rd ranking
priority when businesses consider relocating.
 For every €1 spent on BB, €14 can be generated for the local economy10.
6
McKinsey, Global Cities of the future.
7
Internet of Things
8
McKinsey, The internet of things mapping the value beyond the hype.
9
McKinsey estimates nearly 40 percent of value could be generated in developing economies.
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 10% increase in BB penetration producing 0.25%–3.6% growth in GDP11.
 Doubling broadband speeds permanently can add 0.3% to GDP12.
 Broadband is responsible for 20% of new jobs across all businesses, and 30% of new
jobs in businesses with less than 20 employees13.
 For every 1,000 additional broadband users, 80 new jobs are created14.
Cities, nations and regions are aware of these facts and start adressing the IoT economic
competition.
Social sustainability:
Cities competing for citizens, enterprises and visitors more and more address and promote the
quality of life, which organisations start to track and to rank (e.g. Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development15). Housing, Income, Jobs, Community, Education, Environment,
Civic Engagement, Health, Life Satisfaction, Safety and Work-Life Balance are often traced
values.
1.2 Smart Cities
Smart cities are for people. Data analytics provide a vehicle for supplimenting people with
information to assist with better decision making, better understanding of the complete
environment and better ability to innovate. Large scale automation emerges from expanded
sensor networks and increased analytics of more and more data. This large scale and in more
and more cases, real time analytics place new demands on networks. These demands include
lower cost of access, more coverage, many more connected devices, high bandwidth to deliver
applications and analytic outcomes and big data applications with, in many cases very low
latency as well. Businesses and people will depend on these services and applications so very
high availability, very rapid repair times, scalability and security will be the norm.
10
PwC, 2013
11
ITU, 2012
12
Arthur D. Little, 2013
13
US Department of Commerce, 2012
14
Erik Almqvist, 2010
15
OECD : http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/
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All cities segment their operations into targeted “verticles” such as Transport, Waste
Management, Water, Tourism etc. This, today is also how most cities plan and deploy a project –
within a vertical. A transport project is handled by the transport department and so on. As
opportunities to bring data sets from different verticals together emerge, it becomes
increasingly clear that Smart opportunities exist when some of these vertical silos are removed
or changed.
Some examples:
 a large event venue (e.g.: shopping mall, sports and event arena) might have a siloed
Smart Building Management System (HVAC16), access and security control), however at
the moment a calamity (fire, maliscious acts, …) must be addressed, traffic management
(avoiding additional visitors coming to the venue and giving priority to emergency
services), emergency response coordination (e.g. shopping mall beacons might have
information on number of persons and location of persons, handsets that is, in the
venue; inidvidual medical special care records access for the rescuers, next of kin to
contact for sharing personal status – to which hospital are they being trasported, are
they safe at a meeting/rescue point, …) are verticals which could benefit from the data
sets available in the shopping mall under normal operations. All this governed by real-
time capabilities and role based access control to data.
 a network connected bus shelter may offer valuable opportunities for the transport
department to provide better real time timetable, weather, people movement
monitoring or advertising information to travellers but it may also offer significant
opportunities to host sensor network nodes for water monitorintg while also offering a
great business opportunity to lease physical space for mobile operator small cells or WiFi
hot spot services. These combined opportunities may offer a very positive overall
business opportunity but may be hiden by the siloed businesses that could leverage the
asset.
Furthermore, cities are demanding more from their ICT infrastructure and with sensor networks
and data analytics delivering critical operational information, networks are even more important
than ever before. So, more networking combined with more critical availability as well as more
applications result in more focus on network performance, cost and efficiency. Cities rarely have
16
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
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all the experience and skills needed to consider these diverse wide area networking factors and
typically the CIO’s job is to keep the Entrerprise network operational for staff. Siloed
deparments all have their own needs and timetables derived from a common lowest cost, most
efficient common city-wide network while managing services specific to their silo. This challenge
is growing in complexity, scale and impact on city employees, residents, businesses and visitors.
Economic sustainability, social sustainability and environmental systainability are key pilars of
today’s urbanauts. Some cities are adressing verticals in these key areas, how ever a “Smart
City” lays out horizontal integration for attaining increased efficiency and generating new
opportunities from an economic, social and environmental perspective.
Because of their population and geographic density, there are options for efficiency. Energy
efficiency in buildings, increased public transportation use and low-carbon vehicles, reductions
in traffic, and conservation initiatives are some of the areas that cities can work toward in their
smart journey. Cities are recognising that new business models must embrace the triple bottom
line. I. e.: People, Profits and Planet.
We would define thus a Smart City as: “A smart city is an innovative city that uses information
and communication technologies (ICTs) and Internet of Things to improve quality of life,
efficiency of urban operation and services, competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the
needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental
aspects.
1.3 Customer engagements
1.3.1 Introduction
Although some cities in the world are deploying a greenfield approach on all Smart City verticals
on large scale, most of the cities will attack one or more Smart City verticals to start with. For all
customer engagements, we assume adequate connectivity has been deployed or will be
deployed. For Nokia’s communications infrastructure solutions, kindly refer in this document to
5.4 City-wide access, 5.5 City Shared Network and 5.6 City cloud: support of open cloud
architecture.
In this document you will find as well a list of trials Nokia has already conducted and is able to
engage in, as well of a list of Smart City Verticals wherein Nokia has existing customers or is
building competitive positioning.
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With these examples of Smart City vertical(s), we provide the customer facing teams with topics
of engagements. The final objective is to penetrate into one or more Smart City verticals and
expand our Smart City footprint with our horizontal approach.
Nokia has founded the ng Connect Program several years ago to create customer experiences
that required multi-industry collaboration to be successful. Today the ng Connect Program has
over 250 members that span a wide range of industries, including innovators in infrastructure,
devices, applications, content and vertical markets. Working together, we create solution
concepts, develop prototypes and viable business models, and we validate them by showcasing
them and conducting market trials. At MWC 2016, Nokia proudly announced the ng Connect
successor: IoT community.
1.3.2 Go to market
Smart City projects are very complex and require expertise in many different fields to succeed:
funds, urban planning, architects, transport, energy, public services, telecoms… They also
require cooperation between public and private sector in order to embrace all the dimensions:
financing, public interest, technology,...
Nokia owns some of the building blocks as described before, but it would neither position itself
as integrator nor prime, hence the natural way to engage will be supplying ICT solutions to a
service value creator: a city, a domain expert (e.g. in natural resources services), a technology
and outsourcing services company, a service provider, facility provider, prime integrator or EPC.
1.3.3 To service provider or not to service provider
City councils have network needs that span every operational department. Many of the
characteristics described in this document are typically functions that carriers and service
providers would handle and offer to the city. But the cities are seeing value in taking some level
of, or even complete, control over these networks so new collaboration and partnering models
are emerging. Nokia supports collaborations between itself, service providers and cities that
would enable a more effective common network and information architecture along with layers
of control and management that can best serve the needs of the CIO, the vertical departments
and the smart city aspirations of the council.
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2 Economic sustainability
2.1.1 Digital economy: Big Data and Open Data
Data has become a key asset for the economy and our societies similar to the classic categories
of human and financial resources. Whether it is geographical information, statistics, weather
data, research data, transport data, energy consumption data, or health data, the need to make
sense of "Big data" is leading to innovations in technology, development of new tools and new
skills.
Big data refers to large amounts of data produced very quickly by a high number of diverse
sources. Data can either be created by people or generated by machines, such as sensors
gathering climate information, satellite imagery, digital pictures and videos, purchase
transaction records, GPS signals, etc. It covers many sectors, from healthcare to transport and
energy.
Open data refers to the idea that certain data should be freely available for use and re-use:
 Public data has significant potential for re-use in new products and services;
 Addressing societal challenges – having more data openly available will help us discover
new and innovative solutions;
 Achieving efficiency gains through sharing data inside and between public
administrations;
 Fostering participation of citizens in political and social life and increasing transparency
of government.
Generating value at the different stages of the data value chain will be at the centre of the
future knowledge economy. Good use of data can bring opportunities also to more traditional
sectors such as transport, health or manufacturing
Nations, regions and cities are increasingly supporting and accelerating the transition towards a
data-driven economy. The data-driven economy will stimulate research and innovation on data
while leading to more business opportunities and an increased availability of knowledge and
capital, in particular for SMEs, across the globe.
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According to the study "Worldwide Big Data Technology and Services, 2012–2015 Forecast17"
conducted by IDC, big data technology and services are expected to grow worldwide at a
compound annual growth rate of 40% – about seven times that of the ICT market overall.
Another recent study on "Big Data Analytics: An assessment of demand for labour and skills, 2012-
201718", conducted by e-skills UK and SAS, predicts that in the UK alone, the number of big data
staff specialist working in large firms will increase by more than 240% over the next five years.
This global trend holds enormous potential in various fields, ranging from health, food security,
climate and resource efficiency to energy, intelligent transport systems and smart cities, which
cities cannot afford to miss:
 transform service industries by generating a wide range of innovative information

products and services;
 increase the productivity of all sectors of the economy through improved business
intelligence;
 better address many of the challenges that face our societies;
 improve research and speed up innovation;
 achieve cost reductions through more personalised services
 increase efficiency in the public sector.
Solution areas:
Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT, Device Management & Data Management, APIs, Role Based
Access Control).
Existing partnerships:
Storage solution partners.
Customer operations:
Cities are targetting: accelerated innovation, productivity growth and increased competitiveness
in data across the whole economy.
17
http://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/news-redirect/17070
18
http://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/news-redirect/17072
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2.1.2 Traffic Monitoring & information systems19.
Traffic congestion and traffic law violations in cities and on roads have been increasing
worldwide as a result of increased motorization, population growth and urbanization.
Congestion and traffic law violations reduce efficiency of transport infrastructure and increase
travel time, air pollution, fuel consumption and traffic hazards.
In this context, municipalities (highway operators and Departments of Transportation) are

actively seeking solutions to boost operational efficiency, improve the flow of traffic, enforce
traffic law and order, enhance safety and security for travelers and citizens, and provide real-
time information for drivers. Also governments are actively looking for solutions to reduce
motorized traffic’s air pollution and fuel consumption, offering multi-modal transport solutions
(including smart parking) to city visitors.
Traditional traffic monitoring solutions (dedicated road hardware) are very costly and take
considerable time to implement. Through the penetration of mobile phones used by private and
public transport passengers, new and effective ways of gathering passenger data are possible.
References:
Car to car (hazards) communications over LTE network in real time (Proof of Concept).
World Wide Streams (Nokia Tech Proof of Concept).
Traffic Management for the cities of Lodz and Warsaw (Poland), Highways Agency (England, Great
Britain), DN1 Highway (Romania), 5 separate projects for Atlanta Department of Transportation
(Georgia, USA); Guangzhou Highway (China), Nova Dutra Highway (Brazil).
Solution areas:
Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT Device Management, Data Management, applications, video
content analytics). Nokia Tech (Video Content Analysis, Crowd control, World Wide Streams)
Traffic monitoring, traffic management and traffic law enforcement to improve traffic flow:
Nokia enables Active Traffic Management (ATM) to prevent road congestion by connecting to IoT
traffic monitoring sensors (from dedicated traffic sensors to in-car and smartphone based
sensor data), weather detection and CCTV into the network. The traffic management and traffic
law enforcement applications are 3rd party best of breed solutions.
19
Urban Traffic Management is not included.
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Pre-Trip and on-Trip traffic information: Nokia relies on a common network infrastructure
(wireless and wireline portfolio) in order to display real-time information (on road works,
alternate routes, weather conditions, delays, etc.) on various types of media (variable message
signs, radio, Internet, mobile phones, in car navigation systems, eGovernment information, etc.)
to the drivers.
2.1.3 Connected Urban Transit (Bus/Metro) Shelter
Urbanization is stressing urban mobility. Cities are looking for ways to optimize private car use
(travel time and fuel consumption), shift some of these drivers to urban public transport,
maintain and extend urban public transport while making it more attractive is a challenge.
Today cities are discovering ways to turn a bus/metro shelter from a capital cost to a revenue
generating asset by providing consessions to (media-) agencies operating the transit shelters
and in turn these agencies are entitled to use some of the shelter surface for advertising,
enhanced services to passengers and monetize the data collected while obeying privacy laws.
Nokia conducted trials with fiber connected shelters, featuring interactive displays, IP video
security to enhance the safety feeling of the passengers, sensor technology to track bus
traveller patterns and optimize the service to the passengers and WiFi availability at the stop
offering passengers connectivity, advertisement and interactivity.
References:
Amsterdam, Paris
Solution areas:
Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT Device Management & Data Management), ION (wireline
broadband connectivity), MN (Advanced Mobile Solutions WiFi). Nokia Tech (Video Content
Analysis, Crowd control)
JCD Decaux
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Interactive digital signage, turning a bus shelter from a capital cost to a revenue generating
asset.
CCTV for enhanced customer safety.
Daily update of passenger statistics and atmospheric conditions for optimizing bus itinerary and
monetizing the data collected (e.g. tourism marketing).
Passenger statistics (mobile device counting) Atmospheric conditions
Tourism
 Top 5 MAC address vendor

 Age Percentage
 Gender Recognition
 Presences detected
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2.1.4 Connected cars
Safe driving can benefit from real time car-car and car-roadside
infrastructure. NOKIA (and partners) won in 2016 an award, for vehicles
traveling on the digital test track – the A9 Autobahn – sharing hazard
information via the LTE mobile network. This is accomplished by the
use of technology, to be defined by the global, 5G communication
standard. For the first time, communication takes place virtually in real
time because the signal latency between two vehicles is reduced to
less than 20 milliseconds through the use of plug-in modules – or
"cloudlets" – installed at the LTE base stations.
By pooling their core competencies, the project partners have
demonstrated how large-scale, real-time communication between
vehicles and infrastructure could look in the future. The LTE mobile
technology was developed by Nokia and the network constructed by
Deutsche Telekom. Nokia contributed the “cloudlets” using Mobile-
Edge Computing technology, which, in combination with the position-
locating technology developed by Fraunhofer ESK, ensures rapid data
transmission. The vehicle electronics interface developed by
Continental allows the implementation of a range of applications,
designed to make driving safer and more comfortable.
Figure 1 - During test drives on the Figure 2 - Real-time communication

A9 motorway vehicles can share with other vehicles and with the
hazard information using the LTE road and communications
network. infrastructure leads to fewer traffic
fatalities and lower energy
consumption.
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References:
Real-time communication via mobile LTE network best practice
award20: Hanover, March 16, 2016. The "Real-Time Communication
between vehicles via the LTE Mobile Network" project jointly launched
by Continental, Deutsche Telekom, the Fraunhofer ESK Institute, and
Nokia on the A9 motorway in Germany has won the top award in the
best-practice competition of the Intelligent Networking Initiative in the
"Traffic" category. All award winners were honored during Cebit 2016
by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy and the
Intelligent Networking Initiative.
Solution areas:
Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT Device Management & Data
Management), ION (wireline broadband connectivity), MN (Advanced
Mobile Solutions LTE, WiFi), Nokia Tech (Video Content Analysis, Crowd
control, World Wide Streams).
2.1.5 Smart Connected Service Vehicle
20
http://www.continental-
corporation.com/www/pressportal_com_en/themes/press_releases/3_automotive_group/interior/press_r
eleases/pr_2016_03_16_testfeld_a9_en.html
16 / 35
The Connected Service trial began as a request from our customer “Chorus”, the largest
broadband provider in New Zealand. They were looking for ways to improve the customer
experience of their residential fiber installation service.
Six ng Connect member

companies collaborated to modify
5 active fleet vehicles. The vans
were outfitted with LTE, Wi-Fi, and
RFID readers, which enabled
applications such as work flow
management, automated
inventory tracking, automated
6
Figure 3 - Connected Service Technician
Insert co-brand company
fiber installation testing, video
conferencing and video based
ALCATEL-LUCENT — PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
COPYRIGHT © 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
logo here on master – delete
box
training.
Behind the scenes, we included device management and a content delivery network, so that the
solution could scale.
References:
Chorus, New Zealand (market trial, several months for 5 active vans).
Solution areas:
broadband connectivity), MN (Advanced Mobile Solutions LTE, WiFi), Video BU (Content Delivery
Network). Nokia Tech (Video Content Analysis, Crowd control, World Wide Streams).
RFID readers, Field Services automation workflow, asset inventory and tracking.
Workflow management, automated inventory tracking, automated fiber installation testing,

video conferencing and video based training.
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Remove the
extra “I”
 Up to 40% of the warehouse manager’s

time saved via field services inventory
automation and tracking.
 Errors and mistakes due to use of poor
and manual inventory eliminated by
using automated workflow.
 Saving truck rolls, service time and
service vehicle update cost by using
Figure 4 - Inside the connected service vehicle Nokia’s Field Tech Console, Unified
9
ALCATEL-LUCENT — PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
COPYRIGHT © 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Insert co-brand company Device Manager, Content Management
logo here on master – delete
box
System for training documentation and

remote connectivity to remote
supervisors via video.
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3 Social sustainability
3.1.1 Smart Home
Targets are aeging population and the social vulnerable.
Solution areas:
broadband connectivity), MN (WiFi), Nokia Tech (sensor based homes, assisted living
applicationas including adressing dementia).
Referecens:
Casensa Belgium.
3.1.2 Social inclusion
Targets are neighborhouds and the social isolated.
Demonstrated the use of city games in order to stimulate social interactions in alienated
neighborhoods.
Solution areas:
broadband connectivity), MN (WiFi), Nokia Tech (sensor based city game.
Referecens:
Zwerm, Ghent Belgium.
3.1.3 Smart Public Space (connected arena)
In many cases, large venues have yet to incorporate digital elements that are essential in
providing a seamless year-round experience that will delight their passive, active, or high-value
fans. At present, these enterprises must act as their own general contractors to assemble an
extensive list of capabilities and integrate a complex stack of technology and business
components.
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Yet less than half of U.S. sports venues provide even basic connectivity on game days21. Fewer
still are equipped to meet fan expectations for wireless services to mobile devices, e-commerce
and entertainment options, and delivery of data and analysis of events and athletic
performance.
This is especially true as the live in-venue experience competes with the quality and convenience
of high-definition television, mobile and social channels surrounding live events. A fully designed
and realized experience moves fans from passive spectators to active participants via multiple
points of engagement, and ultimately convert fans into customers of new offerings and digital
services.
As sports enterprises and venues look to digital capabilities to create deeper levels of
engagement with fans and convert that engagement into new sources of revenue, they must be
able to deliver high-bandwidth connectivity, with services and content increasingly customized
to individual preferences.
References:
UK, US stadia.
Solution areas:
Advanced Mobile Network Solutions (Small Cells Wifi, Mobile Edged Computing, Fixed Neworks, IP
Optical Networks, Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT, Device Management & Data
Management, APIs, Role Based Access Control, Video Content Analysis, Crowd Management,
venue visitor applications ).
Storage partners.
High-density network and in-building coverage – high throughput and low latency
Local applications, e.g. venue guides, admission control/monitoring, event info, sponsored
content, dynamic promotions, replay/highlights video, crowd safety
Local breakout services to manage the load on main network
Monetization of crowd/public data and insights towards third parties (e.g. marketers).
21
IBM Sports and Entertainment consortium (including Nokia).
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3.1.4 Event management / Crowd control
Cities are competing for citizens, visitors and businesses. Succesful public events at public
venues help to augment the attractiveness of the city and hence boost the (local) economy. The
image of the city is getting a bigger exposure. A country like the Netherlands is receiving yearly
about 28.423.000 event visitors for the top 100 events. In total the number is much larger since
The Netherlands is counting yearly 750+ events with more than 3.000 visitors.
Organizers of public events are under increased pressure to reduce risks and increase the
security while the federal government is trying to pass the security resposability partially to the
private sector and the organizing city.
Incidents like at the Love Parade (Duisburg, Germany 2010), Hajj stampede (Mecca, Saudi Arabia
1990, 2015 e.a), Pukkelpop (Kiewit, Belgium 2011), just to name a few, are stressings organizers
and cities for upcoming events.
Cities and organizers are looking for information environments to aid increasing the safety and
revenue when organizing large scale events. There is a need to collect relevant eventdata and
share this partially in an open environment (to all enlilsted parties) and in a closed environment
(to one or more specific party).
Each event has an own safety context with security, agreed upon deployment of emergency
services and technology partners (e.g. to measure the crowdiness, large scale LED displays for
signage and CCTV and other camera’s with connected video management systems). Sharing
concealed event data in a secured way with authorized agencies helps these agencies in their
C4i22 operations.
Each event has an own commercial context with own technology, mediapartners, advertisers,
stakeholders and local economy. Eventdata can be exposed to commercial partners for their
own channel, product and/or process to stimulate the development of new products and
services.
Solution areas:
Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT Device Management & Data Management, AMS - WiFi). Nokia
Tech (Video Content Analysis, Crowd control, World Wide Streams).
CCTV IP Cameras, Video Management system vendors.
22
Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence.
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 Event dashboard:
heatmaps based on
atmosphere,
crowdiness,
acessibility (traffic
control – including
event warnings
when a train with
event visitors arrive
to adjust
operations), CCTV
camera’s and social
media.
Sensor and event app based crowd data gathering and control
 Crowd Control with API to 3rd party sensors.
The event organisatior has a direct channel with the stewards and
 App for organizers security staff on the ground. Important is to augment the sensor
and emergency based information with reatime information from the staff (e.g.
services the app Waze for traffic where traffic participants are
communication the traffic jams and traffic control locations).
The event visitor stays up to date with the latest on the event
 App for event (e.g.: schedules, itenearies, exceptions) and the app provides an
visitors opportunity for full duplex communication between the event
orgnaizer and vistor.
22 / 35
4 Environmental sustainability
4.1.1 Smart Building Management System (Smart BMS)
Heating and cooling is approximately 40% of the average commercial building energy
consumption. Lighting accounts for around another 30%. The efficient operation of the BMS
controlling one or both of these can be vital to managing energy demand efficiently, both for
the building owner and tenants, as well as for the wider national power grid and economy.
BMSes typically last well over 10 years and even the most efficiently designed BMS will waste
energy over time. BMS performance can degrade from a range of factors, including aging or
poorly maintained equipment, incorrect or inappropriate settings and adjustments, poor
equipment upgrades, etc. Improperly configured BMSes are believed to account for significant
energy wastage, up to 8% of total energy usage in the United States23.
A growing global emphasis on energy usage efficiency has placed greater focus on the potential
for improving BMS efficiency. A key to that goal is the ability to enable a BMS to better monitor
and understand its performance, as well as the dynamic building environment in real or near real
time. At the heart of that transition is moving BMSes from a standalone or closed environment
and into a wider network of data collection, sharing, and system management by using Nokia’s
IoT platform.
Cities typically own hundreds to thousands of agency buildings (some let to 3rd party tenants)
and are looking for ways to reduce the energy consumption of these buildings. Nokia offerst it’s
IoT platform connected to 3rd party energy management solutions. The total solution can be
deployed to optimize existing non optimized or outdated building management systems or
deployed in greenfield situations.
References:
Schneider-Electric HQ La Hive, Paris. Since 2014, the headquarters for Schneider Electric (aka La
Hive: Hall de l’Innovation et Vitrine de l’Energie) is powered by M2M platform from MOTIVE. It is
the showcase for SE’s solutions and services for building energy management and optimization
in a Smart City context. Opened in 2008, La Hive has demonstrated significant energy savings in
23
According to Honeywell, without monitoring and maintenance, the efficiency performance of building
systems and equipment can degrade by as much as 5% every year.
23 / 35
a short space of time: its average annual consumption fell from 150 kWh/m² in 2009 to 78
kWh/m² in 2012 , a reduction of 47 %.
Solution areas:
Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT Device Management & Data Management).
External Energy Technology and Building Facility Services companies.
Building Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning management (can be combined with fire and
access as well) for facility and financial management. Optional augmented comfort for the
individual tenants through individual Smart Apps to interface (partially and within boundaries)
with the BMS.
4.1.2 Smart Waste
Population growth, urbanization and ageing population are driving the total volume of waste
generated globally to increase by nearly 50% over the next decade. According to the World
Bank, by 2025 the global volume of urban solid waste is projected to grow from 1.5 billion tons
to 2.2 billion tons while the annual cost to manage that waste will rise from $244 billion to $375
billion. Given the rapid rise in both volume and costs, cities need to develop novel ways of
managing their waste to achieve critical financial and environmental objectives.
Cities are doing everything they can to keep up with the demand for improved and expanded
services and a better quality of life -- and do it while simultaneously finding ways to cut
operating costs. That's a tough job, particularly so where waste management (which can require
eight to 10% of a city's budget is concerned (the IoT economic impact on Smart Solid Waste
pickup is estimated at 5 to 9 Billion USD per year by 202524).
The adoption of innovative technologies (next to programs to share with those in need, finding
the good in trash and making it easy for people to recycle) will result in more integrated waste
management solutions that move beyond the traditional use of labor, diesel trucks and
conventional landfills. First logistics intend is fewer trucks to run and fewer trips to make. This
24
McKinsey&Company, the IoT. Estimates of potential economic impact are for sized applications and not
comprehensive estimates of potential impact. Estimates include consumer surplus and cannot be related
to potential company revenue, market size, or GDP impact; estimates are not adjusted for risk or
probability.
24 / 35
can be achieved by placing sensors in community waste bins in combination with waste
collection fleet and pick-up itinerary management solutions.
References:
Proof of concept with Telecom Italia, Italy.
Solution areas:
Application & Analytics (Impact – IoT, Device Management & Data Management).
 Dynamic Routes: until now the collection of waste and recyclables has been done using
fixed schedules where containers are collected every day or every week, regardless if
they are full or not. Smart Waste changes all this by using smart wireless sensors to
gather fill level data from waste containers. The service then automatically generates
demand-based schedules and optimized routes.
 Analytics estimates and reports.
 Increased Efficiency: collections based on Smart Waste Plans significantly reduces costs,
emissions, road wear, vehicle wear, noise pollution and work hours. It can provide a city
up to 50% in direct cost savings in waste logistics.
 Reduced complaints from citizens and visitors.
4.1.3 Air quality / pollution management
For next release of this document. Inquire author to know more.
25 / 35
5 Smart City Solution Components
5.1 Smart City / IoT domains
There are a myriad of Smart City / IoT related domains witnessed today.
Figure 5 - IoT Verticals25

However, building out IoT applications as silo’s is costly and time-consuming. Each application
silo must be engineered from scratch for security, scalability and availability.
5.2 Nokia’s holistic horizontal layered Smart City architecture
Nokia has defined a holistic layered architecture for an industry-horizontal, standards based IoT
application enablement solution. This architecture is based on leading products and solutions
from Nokia to fit in the ecosystem of a Smart City, and is designed for scalability, security,
availability, ease of service creation and optimized operations support.
Nokia’s solution is designed to provide IoT “building blocks” to enable new applications to be
rapidly deployed, extended and managed. It provides support for city devices and sensors, city-
wide access network (for sensors, citizens, enterprises and visitors), city shared network for
aggregation and backhauling of data communication, city cloud architectures and IoT service
25
Beecham Research
26 / 35
creation, device management, data transmission and pre analysis and application enablement
while addressing customer experience management, security and consulting services.
Internet of Things
Rapidly developing Internet of Things (IoT) technology is opening up multiple new business
opportunities for operators and enterprises, spanning many industries - public safety,
healthcare, connected mobility, smart parking, connected home, water leakage management,
smart cities and more.
Nokia’s comprehensive portfolio, comprising network components, services, analytics and

partner solutions, helps operators and enterprises make their networks and businesses ready
for IoT success. Our complete solution simplifies the management of millions of IoT device
connections and the development of customized IoT applications to tap into new revenue
streams.
Nokia combines radio and core networks, including Mobile Edge Computing, with Connectivity
Management, Device Management and Application Enablement components, while addressing
end-to-end security. We are also building a complete ecosystem and collaboration community
around IoT.
Nokia IoT portfolio:
The Nokia IoT portfolio addresses a wide set of products and features of the IoT value chain as
depicted in the following figure:
27 / 35
At the platforms level:
• Connectivity Management features include managing massive IoT device connections
, managing network subscriptions and monitoring connectivity.
• Application Enablement helps create customized IoT applications
and services quickly and cost-effectively.
In addition, Nokia’s IoT Community engages organizations from multiple industries in

collaborating on and validating new business models for IoT use cases to accelerate the delivery
of IoT solutions and business value.
The Nokia IoT portfolio is based on open standards. Nokia is also a contributor to a large number
of standards such as: OMA LWM2M, IETF, oneM2M, GSMA etc.
Typical role in projects
IMPACT typically is a frontend system in a city middleware layer. It provides to IoT devices and
gateways: security, data collection and device lifecycle functions. IMPACT is an open IoT platform
that adheres to industry standards. The IMPACT platform features-set include:
• Multi-tenant, Multi -protocol, Standards-based, (Radio) Connectivity agnostic
28 / 35
• ADEP (Application Development and Execution Platform) which provides a fast track to
application development and deployment
• Data Collection and Event Steam Processing; Fault Management, Policies, Alerts, Trends
Prediction - Horizontal Scalable, Edge & Cloud Gateway
• Security : Anomaly detection, Malware detection.
• Device Management: includes firmware & software upgrade, reset/reboot, configuration

control commands, device discovery.
• Multiple Deployment scenarios: Cloud/SaaS, On-premise
• Rich APIs for integration (northbound & southbound)
5.3 City devices and sensors
The Smartness in Smart Cities is often about connecting them to applications, services,
businesses and people.
Nokia neither manufactures devices nor sensors. However with the MotiveSmart™ program, our
customer’s benefit from Nokia’s recognized experience in onboarding, connecting to and
servicing 3rd party devices and sensors.
The MotiveSmart™ Program uses standards based verification testing:TR-069, OMA-DM and
OMA LWM2M enabled devices. The program enables Providers/Carriers to have their devices
tested and validated for interoperability with Nokia’s Home Device Management or Mobile
Device Management prior to deployment
Over 100 of the world’s top device and technology manufacturers participate in the program:
Internet Gateway Devices, M2M gateways, Automotive units, Mobile Handsets, Chipsets, client
protocol stacks, Set-Top Boxes, VoIP ATAs and Phones, WiMAX devices, Femtocells, USB Dongles,
NAS Devices, Homeplug, ONTs resulting in 15.000+ devices tested.
In addition, Nokia can help device and sensors manufacturers to transition to standard based
protocols. Nokia supports the ARM mbed IoT Device Platform to enable the creation and
deployment of commercial, standards-based IoT solutions possible at scale.
29 / 35
5.4 City-wide access
5.4.1 Introduction
Citizens and business are expecting broadband wireless access as a given, outdoor in public
places as well as indoor in public and private spaces. In addition some city devices and sensors
or gateways might also need wireless network access.
5.4.2 IoT connectivity
The Nokia Advanced Mobile Network Solutions extends wireless broadband access coverage and
capacity to hotspots, notspots and indoor locations. Nokia has small cells solutions in licensed
and non-licensed spectrum covering 2G/3G/4G/5G for IoT and WiFi supported by Mobile Edge
Computing solutions.
5.4.3 Administration, citizens, visitors and enterprises connectivity
The Nokia Advanced Mobile Networks Solutions extends wireless broadband access (WBA)
coverage in outdoor and private spaces. Any combination of 4G (Small Cell) and/or WiFi are
offered in licensed and unlicensed spectrum with a range of different authentication methods.
Advanced Mobile Networks Solutions provide a solid option for reaching ambitious broadband
development targets like those established by the European Commission’s Digital Agenda:
bringing basic broadband to all Europeans by 2013 and to ensure that, by 2020, (i) all Europeans
have access to much higher internet speeds of above 30 Mbps and (ii) 50% or more of European
households subscribe to internet access above 100 Mbps.
They improve the aesthetics of the environment and thus the public’s general perception and
acceptance of wireless networks in several ways:
 These small unobtrusive devices blend in with their environment and address
communities aesthetic concerns brought on by cell towers.
 Moreover, they not only use up to 70 percent less power than macro cells, reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, but they also make the cellular network more efficient by
decrease the power consumption of nearby macro cells and by prolonging the battery
life of mobile devices by making it easier for them to connect to the network.
A lot of cities are deploying, often free of charge, WiFi services in public spaces and often face
the following issues:
30 / 35
 when the end user uses someone else’s WiFi network, the provider not only loses
customer visibility, but also the possibility to offer differentiated services and security.
 free WiFi services without cumbersome registration on the access point yields issues with
secure and trusted network access and auditing.
Nokia’s dedicated Service Routers ensure secure connectivity to Wi-Fi APs, and enables
integration with AAA systems. Through connectivity to the Nokia’s Wireless Packet Core
(connection from WLAN gateway to PGW/GGSN, based on Nokia’s Service Routers), seamless
mobility and seamless Wi-Fi-to-cellular roaming are ensured.
Nokia enables converged and uniform network policy management across all parts of the
network and integration with network intelligence. The implementation of Access Network
Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) allows users, devices and sensors to be connected to
the best network based on flexible criteria such as location, subscription, performance and
analytics.
In a nutshell, deploying small cells enables operators to meet the objectives of providing
superior coverage and quality while reducing the overall footprint of the macro layer in crowded
urban environments, reducing carbon footprint all while helping to respond to citizens’ demands
for a better communications experience.
To reach these benefits it is essential to facilitate the deployment of small cells, defining a
dedicated administrative procedure that make the installation much easier and faster than the
macro-base stations.
Cities typically deploy WBA in public venues (buildings, sport

and cultural venues, parks, digital info kiosks, ...), indoor
private spaces (e.g. for own administration) and public
transport infrastructure (metro and bus shelter).
The unique density and coverage of street furniture (bus

shelters, metro lines, street lights) in city centers makes them
an ideal medium to usher in the development of "smart city"
policies and the creation of an ecosystem capable of further improving the quality of service
provided to users and citizens.
Easy to install and to get quickly up and running, small cells and/or
WiFi access points help increase mobile networks' density of
coverage, boosting capacity in saturated areas and offering high-
speed access for all.
31 / 35
5.5 City Shared Network
City shared networks help city councils to transition from siloed IT services for administrations
to Converged Administration Networks. In quite some cities today, each agency (core IT,
transportation, energy, water, police, fire, security, education, parks, public libraries, ...) has its
own network, supported by either leased circuits from a service provider or using owned copper
or fiber, and has a complex mix of networking technologies, many of them legacy. Each network
is managed on its own.
In many cases, these networks are not ready to support cloud services or the Internet of Things.
Cities and municipalities have recognized the social and economic benefits of ensuring access to
global information for their government employees, businesses and citizens and visitors.
Nokia’s IP and Optical network applications were developed to provide an effective

infrastructure to carry the voice, data and video traffic offered to businesses and residences by
carriers around the world and those same capabilities are extremely effective for municipal and
city networks. These networks may initially converge all the government voice and data traffic
then expand to offer access to businesses and ultimately provide the triple play services,
including video on demand (VoD) to their residences.
5.6 City cloud: support of open cloud architecture
Cloud technologies are having a profound influence on the way consumers and businesses
process and handle information. The IT industry quickly recognized the potential of cloud to
reduce costs and enable new business models. Communication Service Providers (CSPs) are now
realizing that their networks and infrastructure bring opportunity to differentiate cloud services
while making them more dynamic, more efficient and more relevant in the market
Nokia offers a rich set of cloud solutions that help customers build simple, efficient cloud
infrastructures, transform experiences and deliver differentiated cloud services.
5.6.1 Data Center and Software Defined Networking (SDN): Nuage Networks
The Nuage Networks portfolio of products draws on the power of our SDN framework to bring
choreography and programmability to the data center network to transform it to an agile
environment that can immediately establish network services between compute and storage
resources. This also offered the advantage of offering application operators the ability to
manage their application separately from other applications if needed, enabling a common
platform to be easily used for many different applications across many siloed departments
without unnecessary visibility across the silos as required.
32 / 35
5.6.2 Data Center Interconnect
As cloud extends beyond the bounds of a single data center, our data center interconnect
portfolio in IP Routing and Transport provides the power and interconnectivity of multiple data
centers, offering low latency and highly-secure connections.
5.6.3 For Service Providers: Virtualized Evolved Packet Core delivering on the promise of
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software defined Networking (SDN)
Changes in the types of services and in their delivery over the 4G/LTE network are driving mobile
network operators (MNOs) to network functions virtualization (NFV) and software defined
networking (SDN). In their packet core, they want a virtualized Evolved Packet Core (vEPC) that is
more flexible and can be quickly deployed and configured to meet changing customer demands.
The new vEPC must also meet their capacity and performance requirements and interwork
seamlessly with both the existing network and a new IT-managed operating environment. It’s a
difficult challenge.
Nokia’s Virtualized EPC (vEPC), a deployment option of Nokia’s IP Mobile Core offer, delivers on
the promise of NFV/SDN by providing the scalability and performance that are needed in today’s
4G/LTE networks. All of the EPC network functions are virtualized and operate on general-
purpose server hardware. With the Nokia vEPC, MNOs can offer new services faster, ensure
scalability and performance, and migrate to NFV and SDN at their own pace.
5.7 IoT/M2M Connectivity Management & Application Enablement Platform
Nokia’s Impact IoT/M2M connectivy management and application enablement platform enables
network operators, enterprises, facility proivers, technology and outsourcing services companies
to cost-effectively create services while managing millions of devices to deliver a richer, (cross-
vertical) Interet of Things (IoT)/machine-to-machine (M2M) experience. This solution automates
important aspects of service delivery operations and can scale rapidly to manage a high volume
of fixed and mobile devices and sensors. It offers communication management capabilities that
enable service creators to view all data traffic and prioritize it based on business needs. It also
offers open APIs that expose M2M network capabilities to application developers providing
business analytics and domain expertise in smart applications.
The Motive M2M Platform offers components that include device management, communications
management and GUIs to display query results or execute an action. These components are pre-
integrated to support rapid deployment. The solution is modular and can be deployed as a full
33 / 35
or partial solution to address specific needs. The solution’s robust and open integration
framework is designed to ease integration with existing third-party systems.
Nokia’s Application Enablement Platform Impact is a framework to speed up service and

application creation, providing a Trusted Platform for Collaboration & Data exchange.
Impact provides in a scalable platform with cloud support:
• Data Normalization, Making Sense out of Data
• Mash-ups with enterprise & 3rd party data (e.g. a map provider)
• Real time processing, Trend Analyses
• Developer SDK for new application creation
• Multi-tenant, Role Based Security
• Modular Customizable Dashboard based on HTML5
• Sensors overlay on e.g. floor-plan, map, process schematics
Nokia has build some applications for demo and trial purposes on it’s Application Enablement
platform:
Figure 6 - Example applications for demo and trials
34 / 35
5.8 Security & IoT portfolio
Nokia
35 / 35

Smart City Offer For Value Creators

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Smart City Offer For Value Creators

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Smart City Offer for Value Creators

Author Jacques Vermeulen

27-04-2016 – TypeDocIDHere Nokia External Use © Nokia 2016

1.1 City challenges ...................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 Smart Cities ........................................................................................................................... 6

1.3 Customer engagements ...................................................................................................... 8

1.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8

1.3.2 Go to market ......................................................................................................................... 9

1.3.3 To service provider or not to service provider ................................................................ 9

2 Economic sustainability ....................................................................................................... 10

2.1.1 Digital economy: Big Data and Open Data ....................................................................... 10

2.1.2 Traffic Monitoring & information systems. ...................................................................... 12

2.1.3 Connected Urban Transit (Bus/Metro) Shelter ................................................................ 13

2.1.4 Connected cars ..................................................................................................................... 15

2.1.5 Smart Connected Service Vehicle ...................................................................................... 16

3 Social sustainability .............................................................................................................. 19

3.1.1 Smart Home .......................................................................................................................... 19

3.1.2 Social inclusion ...................................................................................................................... 19

3.1.3 Smart Public Space (connected arena).............................................................................. 19

3.1.4 Event management / Crowd control ................................................................................. 21

4 Environmental sustainability ............................................................................................... 23

4.1.1 Smart Building Management System (Smart BMS).......................................................... 23

4.1.2 Smart Waste .......................................................................................................................... 24

4.1.3 Air quality / pollution management ................................................................................... 25

5 Smart City Solution Components ...................................................................................... 26

5.1 Smart City / IoT domains .................................................................................................... 26

5.2 Nokia’s holistic horizontal layered Smart City architecture ........................................... 26

5.3 City devices and sensors ..................................................................................................... 29

27-04-2016 – TypeDocIDHere Nokia External Use © Nokia 2016

5.4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 30

5.4.2 IoT connectivity .................................................................................................................... 30

5.4.3 Administration, citizens, visitors and enterprises connectivity ..................................... 30

5.5 City Shared Network ............................................................................................................ 32

5.6 City cloud: support of open cloud architecture ............................................................... 32

5.6.2 Data Center Interconnect ................................................................................................... 33

5.7 IoT/M2M Connectivity Management & Application Enablement Platform .................. 33

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Cities are facing exponentially increasing challenges.

Urbanization stresses a city in multiple areas, to name a few:

Environmental sustainability: Cities face a number of environmental sustainability challenges,

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Today, major urban areas in developed-regions

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1.2 Smart Cities

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27-04-2016 – TypeDocIDHere Nokia External Use © Nokia 2016

1.3 Customer engagements

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1.3.3 To service provider or not to service provider

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 transform service industries by generating a wide range of innovative information

Storage solution partners.

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In this context, municipalities (highway operators and Departments of Transportation) are

World Wide Streams (Nokia Tech Proof of Concept).

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2.1.3 Connected Urban Transit (Bus/Metro) Shelter

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CCTV for enhanced customer safety.

Passenger statistics (mobile device counting) Atmospheric conditions

 Top 5 MAC address vendor

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