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ISLAM KINGDOMS AND ARTIFACTS

The arrival and the spreading of Islam among the inhabitants of the Indonesian archipelago dated back
to the 13th century in Northern Sumatera. Other Indonesian areas gradually adopted Islam which made
it as the dominant religion in Java and Sumatera by the end of 16 th century.

Islam Kingdoms in Indonesia :

1. Perlak Kingdom (North Coast of Sumatera) is the oldest Islam kingdom in Indonesia. It was
established in 840 until 1292 when finally it was being united with Samudera Pasai Kingdom.
The first Sultan was Sultan Alaidin Saiyid Maulana Abdul Aziz Syah.
2. Samudera Pasai Kingdom (North Coast of Sumatera) established between 13th to 15th centuries.
The word samudera derived from samudra meaning ocean in Sanskrit. Samudera Pasai was
established by Malik ul Salih. Important notes about this kingdom could be known from the
writing of Ibn Battuta, an explorer from Marocco, who wrote Samudera Pasai as a wealthy
kingdom.
3. Aceh Sultanate (North Coast of Sumatera) was established by Ali Mughayat Syah (1530). It
called itself the “veranda of Mecca” and became the center of Islamic scholarship in the
region. The famous king was Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636).

Sultan Iskandar Muda’s Tomb

4. Demak Kingdom (Java) was the first Islam kingdom in Java island. It was established by Raden
Patah. Some famous kings from Demak were Pati Unus or Adipati Yunus and Sultan Trenggana.
Sultan Trenggana conquered the last Javanese Hindu-Buddhist state, Majapahit.
5. Sultanate of Mataram (Java) was the last major independent Javanese empire before the
island was colonized by the Dutch. Sultanate of Mataram was Mataram Islam to distinguish it
from Hindu Mataram Kingdom. Sultan Agung was the third king of Mataram.
6. Sultanate of Banten (Northwest Coast of Java) was established in the 16th century and
centered in Banten. It was founded by Sunan Gunung Jati who named Hasanudin as the King
of Banten.