Course-M.

sc

Specialization-Microbiology

Sem-1st

Subject-Immunology & Virology

Sub code:MMB-22103

Marks:80

10*2 (20)
SECTION-A

Attempt all short questions:

1. What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

2. Name one type of cell involved in the innate immune response and its function.

3. What role do antibodies play in viral infections?

4. What is the function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) in the immune system?

5. How do vaccines work to protect against viral infections?

6. What is the significance of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in the immune response?

7. Define antigenic drift and its impact on viral infections.

8 .What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

9. What is a cytokine storm, and why is it dangerous?

10. Explain how HIV evades the immune system.

SECTION-B

Attempt any 6 questions : 6*10(60)

1. Describe the process of antigen presentation and the role of MHC molecules in the activation of T
cells.

2. Explain the mechanism of action of interferons in viral infections and their impact on the immune
response.

3. Discuss the steps of the humoral immune response from antigen recognition to the production of
antibodies.

4. Analyze the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing
autoimmune diseases.

5. Describe the process of viral replication in host cells and the various strategies viruses use to evade
the host immune system.

6. Evaluate the importance of memory cells in the adaptive immune response and how vaccines
exploit this mechanism.
7. Explain the molecular basis of antigenic shift in influenza viruses and its implications for public
health.

8. Discuss the role of the complement system in innate immunity and its interaction with adaptive
immunity.