Restaurant Booking website

By

Muhammad Mahdi Alaa El-Din

Muhammad Farouk Shujaa

Mahmoud Hamo Ahmoud

Mortada Tahseen Ali

Supervisor
Assist. Lec. Ali Dahham Abdulaziz
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

Computer Engineering Techniques Department

Technical College

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University

BSc

March 2024

Kirkuk, Iraq
Dedication

First of all, we like to dedicate the success of our research to our parents for always
supporting us financially and emotionally, for not leaving our side whenever we face
hardships and when we feel like giving up, for giving us advice on what should we do,
each of our parents are part of the research success.

Second With their wise and honest insight, the data we’ve collected is enough to
complete this research .

Lastly we would like to dedicate the success of this research study to our teachers, for
not giving up on cheering us and for encouraging us that we can do a lot. For always
giving us hope and for advising us that we should always think positive, to always
think that we can finish this research and could submit it in the set time.

Muhammad Mahdi Alaa El-Din

Muhammad Farouk Shujaa

Mahmoud Hamo Ahmoud

Mortada Tahseen Ali

2023-2024

ii
Acknowledgements

Praising to Allah, the most grateful for helping us through the way of accomplishing
this project.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude and sincere appreciation to our
supervisor, Supervisor Assist. Lec. Ali Dahham Abdulaziz for her clear vision and
advice throughout this work.

Our special thanks go to the head of our department for supporting us.

We are so grateful to the staff of the Computer Engineering Techniques department

for their help during work.

We would like to express our deep appreciation and at most gratitude to our families
for them encourage and support during work.

Special thanks to everyone who help and support us.

The researchers

iii
Abstract

Nowadays, online reservation system has played a significant role in many type of
business operation. Therefore, to facilitate customer and owner of business where by
most of operation can be made through online application. Similarly, restaurant
business also needs to have online reservation system which will able to increase the
sale and manage the business operation. By having restaurant reservation system the
restaurant manager will be able to maximize the space and time slot for each
customer's reservation. This system also aim to make the managers notice or
identifies which menu is the most ordered and who is the regular visited customer in
which period of time. An analysis part of the system will be adopted some concept of
data mining and CRM (Customer relationship Management). By applying these types
of concept, it could help the restaurant manager to understand their business
operation and to help manager to make a better future decision. The concept of data
mining will customize customer's reservation data and report as useful information
to the manager to understand the customer's behaviour which is the most important
element that will sustain an efficiency of their business in the competitive market.

There are 3 type of user s in this system . They are administrator, Customer and guest
. The system allow s the user to easily manage the shopping process where an online
cart will allow the customer to buy from our outlet from their home. The shopping
process such as browsing for product and manual payment method using cash which
customer nowadays use is time consuming. The development of this system is done
by using PHP language and MySQL as the database management Web applications are
popular due to the ubiquity of the browser as a client, sometimes called thin client.
The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and
installing software on potentially thousands of client computers is a key reason for
their popularity. System will present a mostly complete view of application focusing
especially on the design process. The solution was developed as an online web
application. Client will use a web browser to access the application. Finally the system
fully tested with most common browsers.

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Table of Contents

Declaration II

Supervisor’s Certificate III

Dedication IV

Acknowledgements V

Abstract VI

Table of Contents VII

List of Tables IX

List of Figures X

List of Abbreviations XI

List of Symbols XII

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Problem Statement 2

1.2 Objectives 4

1.3 Scope 5

1.4 Significance of the Study 5

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7

2.1. Website 7

2.2. Components of a Website 8

v
2.3. Types of Website 9

2.4. Website categories 10

2.5. Advantages Of The Restaurant Booking Website 13

2.6. Disadvantages Of The Restaurant Booking Website 14

2.8. Related Works 15

CHAPTER 3 THEORETICAL APPROACH 18

3.1. PHP 18

3.1.1. Common uses of PHP 19

3.1.2. Characteristics of PHP 19

3.1.3. ADVANTAGES Of PHP 20

3.1.4. Disadvantages Of PHP 22

3.1.5. Main Components of PHP 23

3.2. HTML 24

3.2.1. The History of HTML 24

3.2.2. HTML Work 25

3.2.3. Used HTML Tags 26

3.3. CSS 26

3.3.1. CSS Work with HTML 27

3.3.2. the Benefits of CSS 27

3.4. MySQL 28

3.4.1. MySQL Work 28

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CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 30

4.1 Program parts 30

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 37

5.1 Results 37

5.2 Discussion 38

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40

6.1 CONCLUSIONS 40

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 41

References 43

Appendix 1 A1

vii
List of Figures

Figure 2.1. Components of a Website 9

Figure 2.2. Types of Website 10

Figure 2.3. Website categories 13

Figure 3.1. Main Components of PHP 23

Figure 3.2. MySQL Work 28

Figure 4.1. Local server setup 30

Figure 4.2. system administrator control panel 31

Figure 4.3. Food category management 31

Figure 4.4. Add a new category 32

Figure 4.5. Update category 32

Figure 4.6. Meal management page 33

Figure 4.7. Page for updating meals 33

Figure 4.8. Received orders page 34

Figure 4.9. Orders update page 34

Figure 4.10. Login page 34

Figure 4.11. Customers page 35

Figure 4.12. Food categories page 35

Figure 4.13. Order registration page 36

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List of Abbreviations

WWW World Wide Web

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

SDLC Software Development Life Cycle

OS Operating System

GPS Global Positioning System

URL Uniform Resource Location

Apps Applications

UI User Interface

npm Node Package Manager

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Restaurant Booking website that can be used by customer to book the desired
table and menu of their choice from a restaurant as per their convenience.
Previously table reservation was manual which is ending up progressively in well-
known restaurants but now a days people are getting into digital era of reservation
of restaurants, and suppliers are considering to choose a digital system of booking.
In manual system, everything depends upon waiter & booking diary and there is
no automated system for keeping the records. The general objective is to build a
reservation system for table and menu to assist workers with solving basic issues
with their manual reservation system. For example, utilization of time and cash.
Today’s generation encourages high tech services especially over the Internet.
Hence the project is developed proficiently to help restaurant owners automate
their business operations. In proposed reservation system, we provide facility to
the customers to reserve table or menu or both according to their convenience.

This application is a convenient self- service table & menu booking system. With
this system the booking process can be customized, manage restaurant availability
& reservations. The admin-portal is being managed by the owner to check the
booking and make the availability for the customer. The services provided are
menu & table booking managed by the customer through the system. Main
objective is to provide ordering and reservation service to the customer. The built-
in reservation management system allows admins to add, edit and delete
reservations, manage client data and availability[1]. The major goal of this task is
to enable the owner of a restaurant to deal directly with the clients. In addition, it
can place client's requests to discover free tables as indicated by their own need of
particular required number of seats in his choice area. This idea is discovered by
keeping in mind the fact that people consider it a pain to go to the restaurant
because of sheer amount of time required to find a desired one. Also it’s difficult to
get a booking and equally time consuming to browse through the menu and order
the dishes. Managers have to analyse hundreds of paper receipts therefore this
application may help the managers in a digital way by keeping track of the
bookings through the admin portal provided.

1
Online food ordering is the process of ordering food from a website. The product
can either be food that has been specially prepared for direct consumption (such
as vegetables straight from a farm or garden, frozen meats, etc.) or food that has
not been (such as direct from a certified home-kitchen, restaurant). The effort to
create an online food ordering system aims to replace the manual method of taking
orders with a digital one. The ability to rapidly and correctly create order summary
reports whenever necessary is a key factor in the development of this project.

The potential of an online food ordering system is enormous. Any restaurant or

fast food chain can use this PHP project to keep track of customer orders. This
project is simple, quick, and precise. There is less disk space needed. MYSQL Server
is used as the backbone by the online food ordering system, eliminating the risk of
data loss and ensuring data security. Customers have the option of either having
the food delivered or picked up. A customer starts by selecting the restaurant of
their choice, then scans the menu, picks an item, and then decides whether they
want it delivered or picked up. The customer is informed by the website and app
about the food's quality, how long it takes to prepare, and when it will be ready for
pick-up or delivery[2].

1.1 Problem Statement

Their process is currently manual and time consuming. Customer cannot order
food online, before they visit the restaurant. They have to visit the restaurant and
place the order. Then they have to wait until the order is ready.

There is no visual confirmation that the order was placed correctly. Customers
cannot ensure about the correctness of their order. Order customization is also
difficult because it takes more time. Table reservation is also difficult.

Therefore, the restaurant is always full. Currently customers have to come to the
restaurant to reserve a table. Sometimes customers have to wait long time to
reserve a table during busy times. Also, very long queues are there. It is difficult for
the cashier to handle such a situation. On the other hand,

this situation is difficult for the kitchen also. They are receiving orders one by one.

2
Sometimes kitchen is receiving same food item within separate orders in same
time. So kitchen has to make them separately. This is time consuming and
inefficient costly method. It is better if the orders for same kind of food are
grouped. It will help them to save time and attend to the next order quickly.

At the end of the day, taking a summery is also difficult because there are so many
orders and they are not recorded properly. This happens because they are not
keep records properly. Taking this summary is important because they can review
what the fast moving items are and what items are not ordered frequently.
Sometimes customers do valuable suggestions. Usually staff is listening to them
and try to do the improvements. But they are not keeping records of those
suggestions and they may forget them at the end of the day. It is not good for the
restaurant because it will break the trust of the customer and missing the
opportunity for the improvement[3].

Currently, this restaurant uses least efficient methods such as paper-based or

verbal method to communicate between the restaurant and kitchen. Even though
this approach is implemented in successful profitable restaurants, there are
several problems which could be seen as reducing the restaurant’s efficiency that
can be identified using above scenario:

- Sometimes handwriting can lead to miscommunication.

- Order logging is unmanageable.
- Inefficient restaurant-kitchen communication.
- Difficult order tracking and time management.
- Difficult stock management.
- Limited statistical output .

Online system that proposed here will simplify the ordering process and it will be
helpful to both restaurant and customer. The proposed system will be developed
with interactive menus, pop-up messages etc. for the easiness of the user.
Customer can select the required food item with available customizations and the
can change the order at any time before checking out online. If order is confirmed,
it will display a pop-up message as confirmation to the customer. When the order

3
is placed it’s recorded in the database and retrieved in real time manner. Through
this option Restaurant Employees are allowed to quickly go through the orders
which they have received. Therefore, they can process all orders efficiently and
effectively with minimal delays and confusion.

1.2 Objectives
The objectives of this project can include:

1- Efficient Order Placement: Allow customers to easily browse the menu,

select items, customize orders, and place them seamlessly through the
website.
2- Real-Time Order Tracking: Enable customers to track the status of their
orders in real-time, from preparation to delivery, providing transparency
and assurance.
3- Customization and Special Requests: Allow customers to specify dietary
preferences, allergies, or special instructions for their orders to ensure a
personalized dining experience.
4- Delivery and Pickup Options: Offer customers the choice between home
delivery, curb side pickup, or dine-in options, with clear instructions and
estimated delivery times.
5- Responsive Design: Ensure the website is responsive, providing a seamless
ordering experience across devices, including smartphones, tablets, and
desktops.

By aligning the web page's functionality with these objectives, restaurants can
enhance customer satisfaction, streamline operations, increase order volume, and
build long-term relationships with their customers through a convenient and user-
friendly online ordering platform.

4
1.3 Scope
The scope may include:

1- Menu Management: Enable restaurant owners to update and manage the

menu items, prices, descriptions, and availability in real-time.
2- Order Placement: Provide customers with an intuitive interface to browse
the menu, add items to the cart, specify customizations, and place orders
seamlessly.
3- Order Tracking: Implement a tracking system that allows customers to
monitor the status of their orders, from preparation to delivery, providing
real-time updates.
4- Delivery Management: Provide options for customers to choose delivery or
pickup, specify delivery addresses, and view estimated delivery times.
5- Admin Dashboard: Provide restaurant owners with a dashboard to manage
orders, track sales, view analytics, update menu items, and monitor
customer feedback.
6- Customer Support: Offer customer support channels, such as live chat,
email, or phone support, to assist customers with order-related queries or
issues.

By defining a comprehensive scope that includes these features, a web page for
delivering orders to restaurant customers can enhance the customer experience,
streamline operations, increase revenue, and build customer loyalty for the
restaurant.

1.3 Significance of the Study

The significance of a web page for delivering orders to restaurant customers lies in
its ability to enhance the overall dining experience for both customers and
restaurant owners. Some key significance of a web page for delivering orders to
restaurant customers include:

1- Convenience: Customers can browse menus, place orders, and make

payments from the comfort of their homes or on the go, eliminating the
need to visit the restaurant physically.

5
 2- Efficiency: Online ordering streamlines the ordering process, reduces
errors, and speeds up order fulfillment, leading to improved operational
efficiency for restaurants.
3- Increased Revenue: By offering online ordering, restaurants can reach a
wider customer base, attract new customers, and increase order volume,
ultimately boosting revenue and profitability.
4- Customer Satisfaction: Providing a seamless online ordering experience
with features like order tracking, customization options.
5- Data Insights: Web pages for delivering orders can collect valuable data on
customer preferences, ordering patterns, and feedback, which can be used
to improve menu offerings, marketing strategies, and overall service
quality.
6- Cost-Effectiveness: Online ordering can help reduce costs associated with
traditional phone orders, minimize errors in order taking, and optimize
delivery routes, leading to cost savings for restaurants.
7- Competitive Advantage: Restaurants that offer online ordering have a
competitive edge in the market, as customers increasingly prefer the
convenience and flexibility of ordering food online.
8- Operational Flexibility: Online ordering allows restaurants to manage peak
hours more effectively, optimize kitchen operations, and adjust staffing
levels based on order volume.
9- Marketing Opportunities: Web pages for delivering orders can be used as a
marketing tool to promote special offers, discounts, new menu items, and
loyalty programs, driving customer engagement and repeat business.
10-Adaptability: In the current digital age, having an online ordering platform
is essential for restaurants to adapt to changing consumer preferences and
stay relevant in a competitive market.

Overall, a web page for delivering orders to restaurant customers offers numerous
benefits for both customers and restaurant owners, enhancing the dining
experience, increasing operational efficiency, and driving business growth in
today's digital landscape.

6
 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Website
A website is a collection of web pages that are interconnected and accessible
through the internet. It is typically hosted on a web server and can be accessed
using a web browser. A website can contain a variety of content, including text,
images, videos, links, and interactive elements, organized in a structured manner
for users to navigate and interact with. Websites serve various purposes, such as
providing information, promoting products or services, facilitating communication,
sharing resources, and conducting online transactions. They can be static, with
fixed content that remains the same for all visitors, or dynamic, with content that is
updated or personalized based on user interactions or other factors.

Websites can range from simple personal blogs or informational sites to complex
e-commerce platforms, social networks, online forums, and more. They play a
crucial role in establishing an online presence for individuals, businesses,
organizations, and institutions, allowing them to reach a global audience, engage
with users, and achieve their goals in the digital realm[4].

web pages are digital files that are written using HTML(HyperText Markup
Language). To make your website available to every person in the world, it must be
stored or hosted on a computer connected to the Internet round a clock. Such
computers are known as a Web Server.

The website’s web pages are linked with hyperlinks and hypertext and share a
common interface and design. The website might also contain some additional
documents and files such as images, videos, or other digital assets.

With the Internet invading every sphere, we see websites for all kinds of causes
and purposes. So, we can also say that a website can also be thought of as a digital
environment capable of delivering information and solutions and promoting
interaction between people, places, and things to support the goals of the
organization it was created for.

7
When we type a certain URL in a browser search bar, the browser requests the
page from the Web server and the Web server returns the required web page and
its content to the browser. Now, it differs from how the server returns the
information required in the case of static and dynamic websites[5].

2.2. Components of a Website

We know that a website is a collection of a webpages hosted on a web-server.
These are the components for making a website[6].

- Webhost: Hosting is the location where the website is physically located.

Group of webpages (linked webpages) licensed to be called a website only
when the webpage is hosted on the webserver. The webserver is a set of
files transmitted to user computers when they specify the website’s
address.
- Address: Address of a website also known as the URL of a website. When a
user wants to open a website then they need to put the address or URL of
the website into the web browser, and the asked website is delivered by the
webserver.
- Homepage : Home page is a very common and important part of a
webpage. It is the first webpage that appears when a visitor visits the
website. The home page of a website is very important as it sets the look
and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages on the
website.
- Design : It is the final and overall look and feel of the website that has a
result of proper use and integration elements like navigation menus,
graphics, layout, navigation menus etc.
- Content : Every web pages contained on the website together make up the
content of the website. Good content on the webpages makes the website
more effective and attractive.
- The Navigation Structure: The navigation structure of a website is the
order of the pages, the collection of what links to what. Usually, it is held
together by at least one navigation menu.

8
 Figure 2.1. Components of a Website

2.3. Types of Website

Static Website: In Static Websites, Web pages are returned by the server which
are prebuilt source code files built using simple languages such as HTML, CSS, or
JavaScript. There is no processing of content on the server (according to the user)
in Static Websites. Web pages are returned by the server with no change therefore,
static Websites are fast. There is no interaction with databases. Also, they are less
costly as the host does not need to support server-side processing with different
languages[7].

Dynamic Website: In Dynamic Websites, Web pages are returned by the server
which is processed during runtime means they are not prebuilt web pages, but
they are built during runtime according to the user’s demand with the help of
server-side scripting languages such as PHP, Node.js, ASP.NET and many more
supported by the server. So, they are slower than static websites but updates and
interaction with databases are possible. Dynamic Websites are used over Static
Websites as updates can be done very easily as compared to static websites
(Where altering in every page is required) but in Dynamic Websites, it is possible
to do a common change once, and it will reflect in all the web pages[8].

9
 Figure 2.2. Types of Website

2.4. Website categories

1- Blog

A blog is a dynamic Website primarily focused on sharing written content in the

form of articles or blog posts. Blogs serve various purposes, from personal journals
and creative writing to professional commentary and niche-specific topics. They
provide a platform for individuals, businesses, and organisations to express their
ideas, share knowledge, and engage with an audience. Blogs often encourage
reader interaction through comments, fostering a sense of community and
enabling discussions around the posted content.

2- Online community

Online communities are dynamic Websites designed to facilitate social interaction

and discussions among members. These communities include forums, discussion
boards, and social networking platforms where people with shared interests or
goals can connect and engage. Online communities provide a virtual space for
networking, information exchange, and support. They often revolve around niche-
specific topics, hobbies, or professional interests, allowing members to collaborate,
seek advice, or engage in discussions with like-minded individuals[9].

10
 3- Social media

Social media platforms are dynamic Websites created for people who want to
connect, share, and communicate with others on a global scale. Popular examples
include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn. These platforms enable user-
generated content, real-time interaction, and networking. Users can share text,
images, videos, and links, fostering engagement with friends, family, colleagues,
and even broader communities. Social media has become integral to modern
communication, influencing social trends, news dissemination, and online
marketing strategies[10].

4- Informative

Informative Websites serve as valuable educational information resources on

various topics. These dynamic sites can include the web pages of educational
institutions, government websites, and news portals. They prioritise providing
accurate and reliable information to visitors, offering in-depth coverage of subjects
such as news, research findings, or educational content. Informative Websites
often feature a dynamic structure, with regularly updated articles, reports, or
multimedia content to keep the audience informed and engaged with the new
developments in their respective fields.

5- Pamphlet

Pamphlet Websites are concise and straightforward, serving as online brochures

that provide essential information about a business or service. These dynamic sites
offer key details, including contact information, services or products, and brief
descriptions. Their design emphasises simplicity, making them easy to navigate
and ideal for quick reference. Pamphlet Websites are commonly used by small
businesses, local service providers, or professionals who want to establish an
essential online presence without complex features or extensive user
engagement[11].

11
 6- Non-profit

Non-profit Websites are dynamic platforms dedicated to organisations with

charitable or philanthropic missions. These sites aim to raise awareness, attract
volunteers, and facilitate donations to support their causes. Non-profit Websites
often include detailed information about the organisation's mission, projects, and
initiatives, along with compelling stories and visual content to connect with
visitors emotionally.

They serve as vital tools for fundraising, volunteer recruitment, and sharing the
impact of charitable efforts. Dynamic features such as event listings, donation
portals, and volunteer registration forms are commonly integrated to support their
goals.

7- E-commerce

E-commerce Websites are dynamic platforms designed for buying and selling
products or services online. These sites feature product listings, shopping carts,
secure payment processing, and often extensive product catalogues. Examples
include popular online marketplaces like Amason and eBay and dedicated e-
commerce stores powered by platforms like Shopify or WooCommerce[12].

E-commerce Websites prioritise user-friendly navigation, product search, and

seamless checkout experiences. They cater to online shoppers, offering
convenience, product reviews, and various payment options. Dynamic inventory
management, real-time pricing updates, and order tracking are essential to
successful e-commerce Websites.

12
 Figure 2.3. Website categories

2.5. Advantages Of The Restaurant Booking Website

Certainly! Implementing a web page for delivering orders to restaurant customers
can offer numerous advantages for both customers and restaurant owners. Some
of the key advantages include:

- Convenience: Customers can place orders from anywhere at any time using
their smartphones, tablets, or computers, without the need to visit the
restaurant in person or make a phone call.
- Increased Reach: Online ordering allows restaurants to reach a broader
customer base beyond their physical location, including customers who
prefer ordering online or are looking for delivery options.
- Efficiency: Web pages for delivering orders streamline the ordering
process, reduce order errors, and improve order accuracy, leading to faster
order processing and improved operational efficiency.
- Customization: Online ordering platforms can offer customization options
for customers to personalize their orders, select dietary preferences, add
special instructions, and choose delivery or pickup options.
- Order Tracking: Customers can track the status of their orders in real-
time, receive notifications on order progress, and know exactly when to
expect their food to be delivered or ready for pickup[13].
- Contactless Transactions: Online ordering minimizes physical contact
between customers and restaurant staff, making it a safer and more
hygienic option, especially during health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Integration with POS Systems: Web pages for delivering orders can
integrate with restaurant point-of-sale (POS) systems, inventory
management software, and delivery logistics platforms, streamlining
operations and improving order fulfilment.
- Marketing and Promotions: Restaurants can promote special offers,
discounts, loyalty programs, and new menu items through their online
ordering platform, driving customer engagement, increasing sales, and
fostering customer loyalty[14].

13
 -
- Customer Data Collection: Online ordering platforms can collect valuable
data on customer preferences, ordering habits, feedback, and contact
information, enabling restaurants to personalize marketing campaigns,
improve services, and build customer relationships.
- Competitive Advantage: Restaurants that offer online ordering have a
competitive edge in the market, as customers increasingly prefer the
convenience and flexibility of ordering food online, leading to increased
customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Overall, a web page for delivering orders to restaurant customers can enhance the
dining experience, drive operational efficiency, boost sales, and help restaurants
stay competitive in today's digital landscape.

2.6. Disadvantages Of The Restaurant Booking Website

While web pages for delivering orders to restaurant customers offer numerous
benefits, there are also some potential disadvantages that restaurant owners
should consider. Some of the disadvantages of using a web page for delivering
orders to restaurant customers include:

- Technical Issues: Web pages may experience technical glitches, downtime,

or slow loading times, which can frustrate customers and lead to lost sales.
- Security Concerns: Online ordering platforms may be vulnerable to cyber-
attacks, data breaches, or payment fraud, potentially compromising
customer information and damaging the restaurant's reputation[15].
- Dependency on Internet Connectivity: Customers and restaurant staff
need a stable internet connection to access and use the online ordering
platform, which may be a challenge in areas with poor connectivity.
- Training and Support: Restaurant staff may require training to use the
online ordering system effectively, and ongoing technical support may be
needed to address issues or updates.
- Cost of Implementation: Developing and maintaining a web page for
delivering orders can involve upfront costs for design, development,

14
 integration with other systems, and ongoing maintenance.
- Competition and Market Saturation: With the increasing popularity of
online ordering platforms, restaurants may face stiff competition and
struggle to stand out in a crowded market.
- Customer Resistance: Some customers, especially older demographics or
those unfamiliar with technology, may prefer traditional ordering methods
and be hesitant to use online ordering platforms.
- Order Accuracy and Fulfillment: Miscommunications or errors in online
orders can occur, leading to customer dissatisfaction, order refunds, or
negative reviews.
- Delivery Logistics: Managing delivery operations, including driver
availability, delivery times, and order tracking, can be challenging and
require additional resources and coordination.
- Lack of Personal Interaction: Online ordering eliminates the personal
interaction between customers and restaurant staff, which may impact the
overall dining experience and customer loyalty.

Despite these potential disadvantages, many restaurants have successfully

implemented web pages for delivering orders to customers by addressing these
challenges proactively, ensuring a seamless online ordering experience, and
continuously improving their services to meet customer expectations[16].

2.8. Related Works

Research has explored the dynamics of platforms from several perspectives. The
platform ecosystem is not a simple dyad but is composed of multiple parties. The
ecosystem includes the platform owner, the customer, the delivery agent, and the
seller (Adner and Kapoor 2010). The most common perspective in research
explores the different strategies that platform owners may use when dealing with
users and sellers (Chu and Manchanda 2016) [17]. Consumer behavior has also
explored the use of platforms and the different implications of platform strategies
on issues such as multihoming and platform migration (Xu, Venkatesh, Tam, and
Hong 2010). Research from the delivery agent perspective explores the
implications of peer-to-peer dynamics in the shared economy context (Costello and

15
Reczek 2020) as well as platform exploitation (Zhou,Allen, Gretz, and Houston
2021) [18]. Research from the platform owner’s perspective focuses on the
different strategic approaches present in online platforms. Two-sided markets
have the characteristic feature that the benefit of joining a platform for either
consumers or sellers depends on the number of agents on the other side of the
platform (Chu and Manchanda 2016) [19]. Due to platforms’ two-sided nature,
cross-network effects have been found to have a positive effect on both the seller
side and the consumer side of the platform (Chu and Manchanda 2016). Winner-
takes-all strategies have also been explored and have been found to not be
universally successful for platforms despite the presence of network effects
(Cennamo and Santalo 2013). Research has also focused on multihoming, which
refers to sellers and consumers using more than one platform at a time, and has
found that seller-level multihoming has a bigger impact on platform performance
than the number of sellers using the platform (Landsman and Stremersch 2011)
[20]. Platform literature in all contexts has heavily focused on pricing strategies
and on how to distribute profits in two-sided markets (Eisenmann, Parker, and
Van Alstyne 2006). Research from the platform’s strategic perspective, then, has
been explored extensively but research from the business counterpart perspective,
the seller, has been neglected. Research from the consumer perspective has
focused on the different implications of the context and the dynamics of online
platforms. Some research has focused on the interplay between platform
complementors and the effects that this has on consumer migration between
platforms (Xu, Venkatesh, Tam, and Hong 2010). Research has also focused on the
different innovation and technology drivers of consumer adoption (Min, So, and
Jeong 2019). Research has also focused on the delivery agent, which is generally
hardware or an individual delivering the product or service. Costello and Reczek
(2020) explored the implications of the peer-to-peer dynamic in the shared
economy and the implications this may have for consumers and the platform
owner. Zhou, Allen, Gretz, and Houston (2021) explored platform exploitation and
the implications of consumers and delivery agents forgoing the platform’s
intermediation. The online platform literature has also focused on the unique case
of the “prosumer,” which refers to consumers’ role in both consuming and

16
producing a service through the platform and how easy it is for consumers to
change roles (Eckhardt, Houston, Jiang, Lamberton, Rindfleisch, and Zervas 2019)
[21]. The online platform context offers a unique perspective to the consumer
behavior literature. Research from a platform seller’s perspective, however, has
not been explored.

17
 CHAPTER 3 THEORETICAL APPROACH

In this chapter, programming languages and tools used in designing and

implementing the program will be covered

3.1 PHP
PHP is a scripting language designed to fill the gap between SSI (Server Side
Includes) and Perl, intended largely for the web environment. PHP has gained
quite a following in recent times, and it is one of the forerunners in the Open
Source software movement. Its popularity derives from its C-like syntax, its speed
and its simplicity. PHP is currently divided into two major versions: PHP 4 and
PHP 5, although PHP 4 is deprecated and is no longer developed or supplied with
critical bug fixes. PHP 6 is currently under development. If you've ever been to a
website that needs you to login, you've probably encountered a server-side
scripting language. Due to its market saturation, this means you've probably come
across PHP[22].

PHP was designed by Rasmus Lerdorf to display his resume online and to collect
data from his visitors. Basically, PHP allows a static web document to become
dynamic. "PHP" is a recursive acronym that stands for "PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor". PHP preprocesses (that is, PHP processes before the output is sent
to the browser) hypertext documents. Because of this, the pages can change before
the user sees them, based on conditions. This can be used to write something to the
page, create a table with a number of rows equal to the number of times the user
has visited, or integrate the web page with a web database, such as MySQL. Before
you embark on the wonderful journey of Server Side Processing, it is
recommended that you have some basic understanding of the HyperText Markup
Language. PHP is also being used to build GUI-driven applications; PHP-GTK is
used to build Graphical User Interfaces. PHP started out as a small open source
project that evolved as more and more people found out how useful it was. Rasmus
Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in 1994. PHP is a recursive
acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"[23].

PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to

18
manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-
commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including
MySQL, Postgre SQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.

PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache

module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very
complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time. Is supports a large
number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4 added support
for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA), making n-tier
development a possibility for the first time. PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to
be as forgiving as possible. PHP Syntax is C-Like.

3.1.1 Common uses of PHP

 PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create,
open, read, write, and close them[24].
 PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, through
email you can send data, return data to the user.
 You add, delete, modify elements within your database through PHP.
 Access cookies variables and set cookies.
 Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.
 It can encrypt data.

3.1.2 Characteristics of PHP

Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible[25]
- Simplicity
- Efficiency
- Security
- Flexibility
- Familiarity

19
3.1.3 ADVANTAGES Of PHP
1. Speed up custom web application development

Nowadays, PHP programmers have to write web applications based on complex

business requirements. Likewise, they have to explore ways to make the web
application deliver richer user experience. The tools, features, and code snippets
provided by PHP frameworks help developers to accelerate custom web
application development[26].

2. Simplify web application maintenance

Unlike other programming languages, PHP does not emphasize on code readability
and maintainability. The PHP frameworks simplify web application development
and maintenance by supporting model-view-controller (MVC) architecture. The
developers can take advantage of MVC architecture to divide a web application
into models, views and controllers. They can use a MVC framework for PHP to keep
the application’s user interface and business logic layers separated.

3. No need to write additional code

PHP, unlike other programming languages, does not allow programmers to express
concepts without writing longer lines of code. Hence, the PHP programmers have
to write lengthy and complex code while adding features or functionality to a
website. The PHP frameworks reduce coding time significantly by providing code
generation feature. The code generation features provided by certain PHP
frameworks enable programmers to keep the source code of web application clean
and maintainable[27].

4. Work with databases more efficiently

Most PHP frameworks allow programmers to work with a number of widely used
relational databases. Some frameworks further simplify database operations by
providing object relational mapping (ORM) systems. The programmers can take
advantage of the ORM systems to perform database operations without writing
lengthy SQL code. The ORMs even allows programmers to write object code

20
directly in PHP programming language.

5. Automate common web development tasks

While building a web application, developers have to perform a number of tasks in

addition to writing code. Some of these common web development tasks require
programmers to invest additional time and effort. The functions and tools
provided by PHP frameworks help developers to automate common web
development tasks like caching, session management, authentication, and URL
mapping.

6. Protect websites from targeted security attacks

PHP is considered to be one of the most unsecured programming languages. Often

programmers have to explore ways to protect the PHP applications from various
security attacks. The built-in security features and mechanisms provided by PHP
framework make it easier for developers to protect the website from existing and
emerging security threats. Also, the PHP web developers can easily prevent
common security threats like SQL injections, cross-site request forgery, and data
tampering.

7. Perform unit testing efficiently

building a custom web application, developers have to perform unit testing

regularly to evaluate its individual units or components. A large percentage of web
developers use PHPUnit to perform unit tests quickly and efficiently. In addition to
being an object-oriented unit testing framework for PHP, PHPUnit further helps
developers to write and run unit tests by providing coding assistance. Many PHP
frameworks support PHPUnit natively, and enable programmers to perform unit
testing smoothly[28].

8. No need to increase web development cost

As an open source server-side programming language, PHP helps users to curtail

web development cost significantly. The developers also have option to choose
from several open source web frameworks for PHP. They can even avail the

21
features and tools provided by these open source PHP frameworks speed up
custom web application development without increasing project overheads.

3.1.4 Disadvantages Of PHP

1. Programmers need to learn PHP frameworks instead of PHP

The PHP frameworks enable programmers to add functionality to a web

application without writing additional code. But the programmers have to put
some time and effort to learn the PHP framework. They can even learn and use
certain frameworks without being proficient in PHP coding.

2. Quality of PHP frameworks differs

Most widely used PHP frameworks are open source and free. Hence, the web
developers can take advantage of these web frameworks without increasing the
project cost. But the community strength of individual frameworks differs. Hence,
some PHP frameworks lack prompt and adequate support.

3. Lack of option to modify core behavior

In addition to proving a basic structure for web application development, the PHP
frameworks further accelerate custom web application development. But the
developers still lack any option to make changes to the core behavior of these
frameworks. Some frameworks even requirements developers to use specific tools
or adopt a particular web development pattern.

4. Affect Speed and performance of websites

Most PHP frameworks come with robust features and tools to accelerate
development of large and complex websites. But web developers may not need
these advanced features while building small or simple web applications. Also,
these additional features often impact the performance and speed of websites
adversely.

On the whole, the web developers have option to choose from several full-stack
and micro web frameworks for PHP. But the widely used PHP frameworks differ

22
 from each other in the category of functionality, usability, and performance. Also,
each PHP framework has its own pros and cons. That is why, the web developers
must keep in mind precise project requirements while assessing advantages and
disadvantages of using PHP frameworks.

3.1.5 Main Components of PHP

Figure 3.1. Main Components of PHP

- MVC architecture: PHP mainly works on model view architecture that helps in
managing the code and separate the model, view and controller files. It helps in
connecting the database very easily and the changes can be done easily without
affecting other file or module.
- Frameworks: PHP has different frameworks that are Aura, Yii, Symfony, Laravel,
and Zend. The frameworks help in achieving the neat and clean code, manageable
and make the development easier for the developers.
- Web Server: PHP is mainly worked on web server software, and used the Apache
server.
- Database: PHP can be used with any database but it is being mainly used with
MySQL.

23
- PHP Parser: Parser helps in parsing the PHP instructions to HTML code and then
send it to a web browser to display the content.
- Autosuggest: In this introduction to PHP, the components are ready to use to
implement the search form with an autosuggest feature using PHP and database
MySQL.
- Filters: In PHP, Filters are used to validate the data using filter function. This filter
function helps in checking the invalid input that has been submitted to avoid the
security problem and break of web pages.
- System Functions: In PHP, the system functions are performed to open the file. It
also helps in creating, reading and writing the file as well.
- Handle forms: In PHP, the forms are handled and able to get the data from files,
save the data, sending the email and return data to a user. PHP can encrypt the
data and able to access and set the cookie variable. With the help of PHP, a
developer can restrict the user to access the pages.

3.2 HTML
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It allows the user to create and
structure sections, paragraphs, headings, links, and blockquotes for web pages and
applications.

HTML is not a programming language, meaning it doesn’t have the ability to create
dynamic functionality. Instead, it makes it possible to organize and format
documents, similarly to Microsoft Word[29].

When working with HTML, we use simple code structures (tags and attributes) to
mark up a website page. For example, we can create a paragraph by placing the
enclosed text within a starting <p> and closing </p> tag.

Overall, HTML is a markup language that is really straightforward and easy to

learn even for complete beginners in website building.

3.2.1 The History of HTML

HTML was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, a physicist at the CERN research institute
in Switzerland. He came up with the idea of an Internet-based hypertext system.

24
Hypertext means a text that contains references (links) to other texts that viewers
can access immediately. He published the first version of HTML in 1991, consisting
of 18 HTML tags. Since then, each new version of the HTML language came with
new tags and attributes (tag modifiers) to the markup.

According to Mozilla Developer Network’s HTML Element Reference, currently,

there are 140 HTML tags, although some of them are already obsolete (not
supported by modern browsers).

Due to a quick rise in popularity, HTML is now considered an official web standard.
The HTML specifications are maintained and developed by the World Wide
Web[30].

3.2.2 HTML Work

HTML documents are files that end with a .html or .htm extension. You can view
then using any web browser (such as Google Chrome, Safari, or Mozilla Firefox).
The browser reads the HTML file and renders its content so that internet users can
view it.

Usually, the average website includes several different HTML pages. For instance:
home pages, about pages, contact pages would all have separate HTML documents.

Each HTML page consists of a set of tags (also called elements), which you can
refer to as the building blocks of web pages. They create a hierarchy that
structures the content into sections, paragraphs, headings, and other content
blocks.

Most HTML elements have an opening and a closing that use the <tag></tag>
syntax.

Below, you can see a code example of how HTML elements can be structured:

<div>

<h1>The Main Heading</h1>

25
<h2>A catchy subheading</h2>

<p>Paragraph one</p>

<img src="/" alt="Image">

<p>Paragraph two with a <a href="https://example.com">hyperlink</a></p>

</div>

 The outmost element is a simple division (<div></div>) you can use to

mark up bigger content sections.
 It contains a heading (<h1></h1>), a subheading (<h2></h2>), two
paragraphs (<p></p>), and an image (<img>).
 The second paragraph includes a link (<a></a>) with a href attribute that
contains the destination URL.
 The image tag also has two attributes: src for the image path and alt for the
image description.

3.2.3 Used HTML Tags

HTML tags have two main types: block-level and inline tags.

1- Block-level elements take up the full available space and always start a new
line in the document. Headings and paragraphs are a great example of block
tags.
2- Inline elements only take up as much space as they need and don’t start a new
line on the page. They usually serve to format the inner contents of block-level
elements. Links and emphasized strings are good examples of inline tags.

3.3 CSS
CSS stands for cascading style sheets. In short, CSS is a design language that makes
a website look more appealing than just plain or uninspiring pieces of text.
Whereas HTML largely determines textual content, CSS determines visual
structure, layout, and aesthetics. HTML is a markup language, and CSS is a style
sheet language. Think “look and feel” when you think CSS[31].

26
3.3.1 CSS Work with HTML
If HTML were the engine components of a car, CSS would be the body style and the
paint job. A website can run without CSS, but it certainly isn’t pretty. CSS makes the
front-end of a website shine and it creates a great user experience. Without CSS,
websites would be less pleasing to the eye and likely much harder to navigate. In
addition to layout and format, CSS is responsible for font color and more[32].

3.3.2 the Benefits of CSS

1- Faster Page Speed

More code means slower page speed. And CSS enables you to use less code. CSS
allows you to use one CSS rule and apply it to all occurrences of a certain tag within
an HTML document.

2- Better User Experience

CSS not only makes web pages easy on the eye, it also allows for user-friendly
formatting. When buttons and text are in logical places and well organized, user
experience improves.

3- Quicker Development Time

With CSS, you can apply specific formatting rules and styles to multiple pages with
one string of code. One cascading style sheet can be replicated across several
website pages. If, for instance, you have product pages that should all have the
same formatting, look, and feel, writing CSS rules for one page will suffice for all
pages of that same type.

4- Easy Formatting Changes

If you need to change the format of a specific set of pages, it’s easy to do so with
CSS. There’s no need to fix every individual page. Just edit the corresponding CSS
style sheet and you’ll see changes applied to all the pages that are using that style
sheet.

5- Compatibility Across Devices

27
Responsive web design matters. In today’s day and age, web pages must be fully
visible and easily navigable on all devices. Whether mobile or tablet, desktop, or
even smart TV, CSS combines with HTML to make responsive design possible.

3.4 MySQL
My is the daughter’s name of the MySQL’s co-founder, Monty Widenius. The name
of MySQL is the combination of My and SQL, MySQL.

MySQL is a database management system that allows you to manage relational

databases. It is open source software backed by Oracle. It means you can use
MySQL without paying a dime. Also, if you want, you can change its source code to
suit your needs[33].

Even though MySQL is open source software, you can buy a commercial license
version from Oracle to get premium support services.

MySQL is pretty easy to master in comparison with other database software like
Oracle Database, or Microsoft SQL Server.

MySQL can run on various platforms UNIX, Linux, Windows, etc. You can install it
on a server or even in a desktop. Besides, MySQL is reliable, scalable, and fast. If
you develop websites or web applications, MySQL is a good choice. MySQL is an
essential component of the LAMP stack, which includes Linux, Apache, MySQL, and
PHP.

3.4.1 MySQL Work

28
 Figure 3.2. MySQL Work

The image explains the basic structure of the client-server structure. One or more
devices (clients) connect to a server through a specific network. Every client can
make a request from the graphical user interface (GUI) on their screens, and the
server will produce the desired output, as long as both ends understand the
instruction[34]. Without getting too technical, the main processes taking place in a
MySQL environment are the same, which are:

MySQL creates a database for storing and manipulating data, defining the
relationship of each table. Clients can make requests by typing specific SQL
statements on MySQL. The server application will respond with the requested
information and it will appear on the clients’ side.

That’s pretty much it. From the clients’ side, they usually emphasize which MySQL
GUI to use. The lighter and more user-friendly the GUI is, the faster and easier their
data management activities will be. Some of the most popular MySQL GUIs are
MySQL WorkBench, SequelPro, DBVisualizer, and the Navicat DB Admin Tool.
Some of them are free, while some are commercial, some run exclusively for
macOS, and some are compatible with major operating systems. Clients should
choose the GUI depending on their needs. For web database management,
including a WordPress site, the most obvious go-to is phpMyAdmin[35].

29
 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL WORK

4.1. Program parts

1- Local server setup

We install the program XAMPP - CONTROL that works as a local server to

classify the database and upload the program codes inside this server

Figure 4.1. Local server setup

- Create a database “onlinefoodorder” in XAMPP

- To run The project make a database named as "onlinefoodorder" in the
database.
- save the folder of project in XAMPP/htdocs
- Then open project from localhost/ onlinefood-order

2- system administrator control panel

which is a special panel for the system administrator, shows all the details in it,
including the number of orders, available meals, food items, and total revenue

30
generated. The system also shows the number of canceled orders, the number of

orders under delivery, and the number of orders that have been delivered.

Figure 4.2. system administrator control panel

3- Food category management

It is a special page to display the categories available in the restaurant. Through this
page, a new category can be added, and any food category can be deleted or the
category can be updated.

31
Figure 4.3. Food category management

32
 Figure 4.4. Add a new category

Figure 4.5. Update category

4- Meal management

It is a special page to display all the meals available in the restaurant with the details
of each meal, where the name of the meal can be displayed along with a summary of
the details and components of the meal along with a picture of the meal and the
price. You can also add a new meal, update a specific meal, or delete a meal if it is
not available.

33
 Figure 4.6. Meal management page

Figure 4.7. Page for updating meals

5- Received orders page

It is a page that shows all the details of the orders received from customers, the
date of the order with the name of the meal, the price, the number of meals, and
the status of the order, where the status of the order can be updated, as well as the
recipient’s address, phone number, and email.

34
 Figure 4.8. Received orders page

Figure 4.9. Orders update page

6- Login page

This page is for logging in to the system and is for the administrator

Figure 4.10. Login

page

7- Customers page

It is the page that appears to customers to view the meals and categories of the
restaurant. The page contains the restaurant’s logo and meal details. Through this

35
page, requests can be registered for the purpose of implementing them and
delivering them to customers.

Figure 4.11. Customers page

8- Food categories page

This page enables you to browse the categories available in the restaurant, and
through these categories you can access the rest of the meals

Figure 4.12. Food categories page

9- Order registration page

36
It is a special page for choosing the foods to be ordered and recording the required
quantities, where the total price of the ordered meals appears, and the fields must
be filled out in a mandatory manner, the name of the person along with the phone
number and email along with the address for delivering the order.

Figure 4.13. Order registration page

37
 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1. Results

The System is used to develop the restaurant's business to provide orders. It

facilitates us to deal with the customer and reduces the work effort and less time in
use. There are no delays for the customer. There is a main screen containing a table
of foods that allows the customer to choose the food and show him the final cost of
the order and connect with the main program, Making it easy for the customer to
see the types of foods and integrates with all kinds of images for the food. This
program can be installed to add new users and personal profile to you working in
the restaurant and dealing with them easily in the absence of salaries. Each drum is
fed by the order chosen by the customer in the main screen Each month we are
provided with a report on the amount of sales, the quantity of the materials and
the amount of profits. The database can also be easily modified. The software was
used in the design and database integration (PHP, HTML, JS, CSS, MYSQL).

the results for a restaurant website for delivering food orders could include:

Online ordering platform: The website should have a user-friendly online

ordering platform where customers can easily browse the menu, select items,
customize their orders, and place delivery orders.

Menu and pricing information: The website should have a clear and updated
menu with detailed descriptions of dishes, prices, and any special offers or
promotions.

Delivery information: The website should provide information about delivery

areas, delivery times, delivery fees, and any minimum order requirements.

Payment options: The website should offer secure payment options for customers
to pay for their orders online, such as credit card, debit card, or online payment
services like PayPal.

Contact information: The website should have clear contact information,

38
including a phone number and email address, for customers to reach out with any
questions, concerns, or feedback.

Customer reviews and ratings: The website may include customer reviews and
ratings to help potential customers make informed decisions about ordering from
the restaurant.

Social media integration: The website may integrate social media feeds or links
to the restaurant's social media profiles to showcase updates, promotions, and
customer interactions.

Order tracking: The website may offer order tracking features so customers can
monitor the status of their delivery orders in real-time.

Mobile responsiveness: The website should be mobile-responsive to ensure a

seamless ordering experience for customers using smartphones or tablets.

Loyalty program: The website may offer a loyalty program or rewards program to
incentivize repeat orders and encourage customer loyalty.

5.2. Discussion
A restaurant website designed for delivering food orders should prioritize user
experience, functionality, and efficiency to ensure a seamless ordering process for
customers. Let's discuss some key aspects:

1. User-Friendly Interface:
- The website have a clean, intuitive layout that allows customers to easily
navigate through the menu, select items, and place orders.
- Clear categorization of menu items, search functionality, and filtering
options can help customers quickly find their desired dishes.
- The website be responsive and mobile-friendly, as many customers prefer
to place orders using their smartphones or tablets.

39
 2. Online Menu:
- The menu be well-organized, visually appealing, and include high-quality
images and detailed descriptions of each dish.
- Customization options, such as size, toppings, or add-ons, should be clearly
presented to allow customers to tailor their orders.
- Pricing, allergen information, and dietary restrictions be prominently
displayed to help customers make informed decisions.
3. Order Placement and Checkout:
- The ordering process be streamlined, with a user-friendly interface for
adding items to the cart, specifying quantities, and applying any
promotional codes or discounts.
- The checkout process be secure, with options for various payment methods,
including credit cards, debit cards, or online payment platforms.
- Customers be able to review their orders, make modifications, and receive
an order confirmation with an estimated delivery time.
4. Delivery Information:
- Customers be able to provide their delivery address and contact
information easily.
5. Customer Support and Feedback:
- The website should provide clear contact information and support channels
for customers to reach out with inquiries, feedback, or issues.
- Incorporating customer reviews and ratings can build trust and credibility,
while also providing valuable insights for improvement.
- Prompt and efficient handling of customer concerns or complaints is crucial
to maintain a positive reputation and encourage repeat business.

By focusing on these key aspects, a restaurant can create a website that effectively
facilitates food delivery orders, enhances the customer experience, and supports
the growth of its delivery operations.

40
 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 CONCLUSIONS

A restaurant website built for food delivery is more than just a digital menu. It's a
vital tool for attracting customers, streamlining operations, and ultimately, driving
revenue. Here are the key conclusions for a successful website:

1. User Experience is Paramount:

- Intuitive Navigation: Customers should easily find what they want, from
browsing menus to placing orders.
- Mobile Optimization: Today's customers order on their phones. A
responsive design is essential.
- Clear and Concise Information: Delivery areas, fees, estimated times, and
allergen info should be readily available.
2. Efficiency is Key:
- Streamlined Ordering: The process should be quick and easy, from adding
items to checkout.
- Secure Payment Options: Offer multiple payment methods for customer
convenience.
- Real-time Order Tracking: Keep customers informed about their order's
progress.
3. Integration is Crucial:
- POS System Integration: Ensure seamless order processing and inventory
management.
- Delivery Service Integration: Partner with reputable delivery services to
expand reach.
- Data Analytics: Track website traffic, order trends, and customer feedback
for continuous improvement.
4. Customer Focus is Essential:
- Loyalty Programs: Reward repeat customers with discounts or exclusive
offers.
- Customer Support: Provide multiple channels for addressing inquiries and

41
 resolving issues.
- Feedback Mechanisms: Encourage reviews and ratings to build trust and
identify areas for improvement.
5. Beyond the Basics:
- High-Quality Images: Appetizing photos of dishes can entice customers.
- Content Marketing: Blog posts, recipes, or special promotions can engage
customers.
- Social Media Integration: Promote the website and special offers on social
media platforms.

A restaurant website for food delivery is a powerful tool for growth. By focusing on
user experience, efficiency, integration, customer focus, and going beyond the
basics, restaurants can create a website that drives online orders, builds customer
loyalty, and contributes to long-term success in the competitive food delivery
market.

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

Here are some key recommendations for a restaurant website focused on

delivering food orders:

1- Optimize the Ordering Process:

- Implement a user-friendly and intuitive ordering system with clear steps for
customers to follow.
- Provide options for customers to customize their orders, select delivery time
slots, and track order status.
- Ensure the website is mobile-responsive to cater to the growing number of
customers who order food on-the-go.
2- Enhance Menu Presentation:
- Use high-quality images and detailed descriptions to showcase the
restaurant's menu items.
- Categorize the menu items based on dietary preferences, popular items, and
meal types to help customers navigate easily.
- Provide accurate information on ingredients, allergens, and nutritional

42
 values to cater to customers with specific dietary needs.
3- Streamline Delivery and Logistics:
- Integrate the website with a reliable delivery service or partner with multiple
delivery providers to offer customers a range of options.
- Provide real-time order tracking and estimated delivery times to keep
customers informed about the status of their orders.
- Implement a robust order management system to efficiently handle incoming
orders, monitor delivery status, and address any issues that may arise.
4- Enhance Customer Experience:
- Offer multiple payment options, including secure online payments, to provide
a seamless checkout experience.
- Implement a loyalty program or rewards system to incentivize repeat
customers and encourage customer retention.
- Provide excellent customer support through various channels, such as live
chat, email, and phone, to address customer inquiries and concerns promptly.
5- Leverage Digital Marketing Strategies:
- Utilize search engine optimization (SEO) techniques to improve the website's
visibility and ranking in search engine results.
- Engage customers through social media platforms by sharing updates,
promotions, and user-generated content.
- Implement email marketing campaigns to promote special offers, new menu
items, and other relevant updates to the restaurant's customer base.
6- Continuously Improve and Adapt:
- Regularly monitor website analytics to understand customer behavior,
identify areas for improvement, and make data-driven decisions.
- Gather customer feedback through surveys, reviews, and social media
interactions to identify pain points and address them accordingly.

By implementing these recommendations, a restaurant website focused on

delivering food orders can enhance the overall customer experience, streamline
operations, and drive increased online orders and customer loyalty, ultimately
contributing to the restaurant's long-term success in the competitive food delivery
market.

43
 References

[1] Abhishek Singh, Adithya R, Vaishnav Kanade, Prof. Salma Pathan(2018). Online food ordering system.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology.Vol .5, No. 06
[2] Adithya R., Abhishek Singh, Salma Pathan, and Vaishnav Kanade(2017). Online Food Ordering System.
International Journal of Computer Applications. Vol.180, Pp.6, pp. 22-24
[3] Alexander Pons, Hassan A. Aljifri, and Daniel Collins (2003). Global e-commerce: a framework for
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45
Appendix 1

<!-- social Section Starts Here -->

<section class="social">

<div class="container text-center">

</div>

</section>

<!-- social Section Ends Here -->

<!-- footer Section Starts Here -->

<section class="footer">

<div class="container text-center">

<p style="font-size: 26px;" > - )‫ جامعة االمام جعفر الصادق (علية السالم‬- ‫مشروع تخرج لطلبة هندسة تقنيات الحاسوب‬
‫<فرع كركوك‬/p>

</div>

</section>

<!-- footer Section Ends Here -->

</body>

</html>

<?php include('config/constants.php'); ?>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<!-- Important to make website responsive -->

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<title>Online Food Order System</title>

<!-- Link our CSS file -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">

A1
</head>

<body>

<!-- Navbar Section Starts Here -->

<section class="navbar">

<div class="container">

<div class="logo">

<a href="#" title="Logo">

<img src="images/jahezlaunch.png" alt="Restaurant Logo" class="img-responsive">

</a>

</div>

<div class="menu text-right" style="font-size: 26px;">

<ul>

<li>

<a href="<?php echo SITEURL; ?>">‫<الرئيسية‬/a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="<?php echo SITEURL; ?>categories.php">‫<الفئات‬/a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="<?php echo SITEURL; ?>foods.php">‫<وجباتنا‬/a>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

<div class="clearfix"></div>

</div>

</section>

<!-- Navbar Section Ends Here -->

<?php include('partials-front/menu.php'); ?>

A2
<head>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">

</haed>

<!-- CAtegories Section Starts Here -->

<section class="categories">

<div class="container">

<h2 class="text-center">‫<استكشف االطعمة‬/h2>

<?php

//Display all the cateories that are active

$sql = "SELECT * FROM tbl_category WHERE active='Yes'";

$res = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

$count = mysqli_num_rows($res);

while($row=mysqli_fetch_assoc($res))

$id = $row['id'];

$title = $row['title'];

$image_name = $row['image_name'];

?>

<a href="<?php echo SITEURL; ?>category-foods.php?category_id=<?php echo $id; ?>">

A3
 <div class="box-3 float-container">

<?php

if($image_name=="")

echo "<div class='error'>‫الصورة غير متاحة‬.</div>";

else

?>

<img src="<?php echo SITEURL; ?>images/category/<?php echo $image_name; ?

>" alt="Pizza" class="img-responsive img-curve">

<?php

?>

<h3 class="text-center"><?php echo $title; ?></h3>

</div>

</a>

<?php

else

echo "<div class='error'>‫الفئة غير متوفرة‬.</div>";

?>

<div class="clearfix"></div>

<!-- Categories Section Ends Here -->

<?php include('partials-front/footer.php'); ?>

A4