CHAPTER – 2

(HISTORY)
FROM TRADE TO TERRITORIES
GLOSSARY

1. FARMAN :- A royal edict, a royal order.

2. PUPPET:- A person who is controlled by someone
else.
3. MERCANTILE:- A business enterprise that makes
profit by buying goods cheap and selling them at
higher prices.
4. INJUNCTION:- Instruction
5. CONFEDERACY:- Alliance
6. Qazi:- A judge
7. SAWAR:- trained soldier on horseback.
8. MUSKET:- A heavy gun used by infantry soldiers.
9. MATCH LOCK:- An early type of gun in which the
powder was ignited by a match.
10. DHARMASHASTRAS:- Sanskrit tends
prescribing social rules and codes of behavior, composed
from century 500 B.C.E. onwards.
VERY SHORT ANSWERS:
Q.1. Who was the last Governor General of India?
Ans.1. Lord Mount Batten.
Q.2. When was the second Maratha war fought?
Ans.2. During 1803 to 1805, the second Maratha war was fought.
Q.3. Who was Alivardi Khan?
Ans.3. Alivardi Khan was the father of Sirajuddaulah and Nawab of
Bengal and died in 1756.
Q.4. Which treaty gave the Diwani of Bengal and Odisha to Britishers and
when?
Ans.4. Treaty of Allahabad signed on 12 Aug 1765.
Q.5. When did the Company appoint the Residents of states?
Ans.5. After the Battle of Buxar (1764), the company appointed the
residents of states.
Q.6. What was the new justice system introduced by the British?
Ans.6. Under this system each district has two courts:
(a) A criminal court. (b) A civil court.
Q.7. Who discovered sea route to India and when?
Ans.7. Vasco de gama (a Portuguese explorer) in the year 1498.
Q.8. What was the policy of paramountly?
Ans.8. According to this policy, the company claimed that its authority
was supreme and its power was greater than that of Indian states.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE:
Q.1. Explain the system of “Subsidiary Alliance”.
Ans.1. (a) As per the Indian rulers were not allowed to
have their independent armed forces.
(b) They were to be protected by the company.
(c) They had to pay for the armed forces that the company
was supposed to maintain for the purpose of protection.
(d) If the Indian rulers failed to make the payments, then
part of their territory was taken away as penalty.
Q.2. What were the causes of battle of Plassey?
Ans.2. (a) In 1756, Nawab seized the English factory of
Kasim Bazar and occupied Fort William, but Clive
recaptured it in 1756.
(b) Mir Zafar, wanted to dethrone the Nawab & entered
into a conspiracy against the Nawab with the Britishers.
(c) Clive blamed the Nawab that he was conspiring
against English with the help of French.
(d) All these together led to battle of Plassey.
Q.3. “Battle of Plassey is an important landmark in the
history of India ”. Comment.
Ans.3. (a) It marked the beginning of the establishment of
British rule in India.
(b) The British got a foothold from where they can
conquer the whole of India.
(c) Company would now trade from Bengal without any
restrictions.
(d) French rule from India vanished. Company became
economically strong.
(e) The Company demanded huge sums of money from
Mir Zafar.
Q.4. Explain the doctrine of Lapse.
Ans.4. (a) Doctrine of lapse was introduced by Lord
Dalhousie.
(b) According to this, if an Indian ruler died without a
male hier his kingdom would become the part of the
British territory automatically.
(c) The states which came under this were – Satara,
Sambhalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, Jhansi & Awadh.
Q.5. What were the impacts of Battle of Buxar on
India?
Ans.5. (a) After the battle of Buxar, the Company
appointed Residents in Indian states.
(b) Through the Residents, the Company officials began
interfering in the internal affairs of Indian states.
(c ) Mir Zafar was again made the Nawab, he had to
pay Rs.5,00,000/- every month to the British Company.
Q.6. Why were the British furious with Tipu Sultan?
Ans.6. (a) Mysore controlled the profitable trade of the
Malabar Coast from where the Company purchased
pepper & cardamom.
(b) In 1785, Tipu Sultan stopped the export of these
through the ports of his Kingdom.
(c) Tipu Sultan established a close relationship with the
French in India.
(d) Tipu modernized his army with the help from
French.
Long Question:
Q.1. What attracted European trading Companies to India?
Ans.1. (a) Trading with India was highly profitable & fruitful to
the businessman in Europe.
(b) The European traders purchased goods at cheap price & sold
them in Europe at higher prices.
(c) The fine qualities of cotton & silk produced in India had a
big market in Europe.
(d) Indian spices too were in great demand.
(e) Thus, the European traders came to India to gain profit.
Q.2. In what ways was the administration of the Company
different from that of Indian rulers?
Ans.2.(a) Before the British came into India, the Indian
territories were divided into kingdoms ruled by different rulers.
(b) While British territories were broadly divided into
administration unit called Presidencies.
(c) Each was ruled by a Governor. The supreme head of
administration was Governor General.
(d) From 1772, a new system of justice was established –
Criminal Court & Civil Court.
(e) The principal figure in Indian district was Collector.
Q.3. What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs
& The East India Company?
Ans.3.(a) Nawabs refused to grant the Company tax concessions.
(b) They demanded large tributes to the Company’s right to trade.
(c) They denied the Company any right to mint coins.
(d) They stopped the Company from extending its fortification.
(e) Nawabs claimed that the Company was depriving the Bengal
government of huge amount of revenue.
(f) The Company claimed that the unjust demands of the local
officials were ruining their trade.
(g) To expand their trade, they had to rebuild their forts.
Q.4. Why did English developed a strong army?
Ans.4. (a) The army was needed to have control over the vast
empire.
(b) It was also required to suppress internal revolt against the
British.
(c) The army consisted of Indian soldiers who were known as
Sepoys.
(d) The army was well disciplined. Well trained & regularly paid.
 MAP WORK
On the political map of India mark the
following:
a) Place where Battle of Plassey fought –
Bengal.
b) Place where Battle of Buxar fought –
Bihar.
c) Four regions annexed to Doctrine of lapse:-
Jhansi, Nagpur, Awadh, Sambhalpur.