‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J٤F
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F

- ٣٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
٣٠{٠٠٠F٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ، ‫א‬(Low alloy steels )‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬(Carbon steel )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠(Corrosion allowance )‫א‬
E١ J٤F‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

- ٣٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
(µpy)L
٣٠٠ J٨٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٠ J٦٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠ J٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
٣٠ J١٥ ‫א‬
٥٠ J١٠ ‫א‬
٨٠ J١٠ ‫א‬
٥٠ J٥ ١٠ J٩٠–‫א‬

٢{٥ ٣٠ J٧٠–‫א‬

١ 
١ ––

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬،
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٠{٣‫א‬،‫א‬L‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 ،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢ J٤FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F
 

 
 

 W(Pitting corrosion )‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F

،
 (Pitting corrosion )‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬(Surface defects)
  K  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F
 
ME٤ J٤F‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬(aerated)
،‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MCl‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ KEF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬(stainless steels)‫א‬‫א‬،(stagnant waters)
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F‫א‬ KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬٣١٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬(hastelloy C, F)‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
L
 (µmpy )
٨٠٠–٤٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
٣٠٠٠–١٠٠٠ 
٣٠٠–١٥٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٥٠–٣٠ –
١٨٠٠–١٥٠٠ 
١٨٠٠–٥٠ 
 ‫א‬
 ––‫א‬
 
 
 W(Crevice corrosion )‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 (Crevice corrosion)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Mill scale)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
(Differential  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kaeration zones)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Gaskets)‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٥ J٤F،(Spot welding)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٤F
 
 W(Intergranular corrosion )‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Intergranular corrosion)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬(Grain boundaries)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ،‫א‬،(Alloying additions)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Segregation)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
E٨– ١٨W٣٠٤‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
(Sensitized)‫א‬‫א‬(Chromium depletion)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،○٧٨٧–٥١٠
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٦ J٤F‫א‬

 K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٪ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ○١٠٩٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬(Strong carbide formers)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٠{٠٢‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٤F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 W(Stress corrosion)‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(Stress corrosion cracking)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Static)‫א‬K‫א‬(Residual)
K  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Dynamic)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Corrosion fatigue )‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Aluminum brass)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W( Erosion corrosion )‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(Erosion corrosion)‫א‬‫א‬
  (Wear)‫א‬(Abrasion)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬(Stainless steel)‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(Groves) ‫א‬( Waves)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬K(Directional pattern)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Bends)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(Impellers)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬(Tees)‫א‬‫א‬(Elbows)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Agitated vessels)‫א‬ ‫א‬،(Propellers)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Orifices) 
 ‫א‬(Tturbine blades)‫א‬
‫א‬E٤ J٤F‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
٨{١ ١{٢ ٠{٣
L L L
٢٥٤ ٧٢ ٣٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٧٠ J ٤٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٧٠ ٢٠ ٢ ‫א‬
٣٣٩ ١ ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٨٠ J ٥ 
٢٣٦ J ٢ ٪١٠٠F‫א‬
E
١٠٥ J ٢ –‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٩ J ٥ – ١٠–٩٠
٠{٨
١٩٩ J ٢ – ٣٠–٧٠
٠{٥
٣٩ ١ ١ – ٣٠–٧٠
٠{٥
١  ١ ‫א‬
٣   ٣١٦
٣ J ١ 
 J  ‫א‬
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫( א‬Turbulent corrosion)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
( Inlet tube ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،corrosion )
‫א‬‫א‬(Iimpingement corrosion)‫א‬ ‫ א‬E
F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ (Cavitations corrosion)‫א‬ ‫א‬ EF
،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Fretting corrosion)‫א‬‫א‬ EF
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W(Bacterial corrosion )‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٤F
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Anaerobic bacteria corrosion)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Aerobic bacteria corrosion )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

٪٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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