Numerical Integration 571

Exercise 13
1

Use Simpson 1/3 rule to estimate the integral ∫ e − x dx by taking five ordinates.
2
1.
0

Ans. 0.746855
π /2
2. Find the approximate value of the integral ∫
0
1+ cosθ dθ by dividing the interval into six equal

parts. Use the composite Trapezoidal and Simpson 1/3 rules.

Ans. 1.997143, 2.000003
3. Integrate the function f(x) between x = 2.0 to x = 2.8, using the Trapezoidal rule.
x 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
f (x) 1.53 1.97 2.64 3.34 4.10 4.97 5.86 5.43 4.21
Ans. 3.118
4. We have many integrals in different branches of sciences and engineering, which cannot be
solved analytically. Consider following examples
π 2 2
sin x
∫ ∫1 x dx , ∫e
− x2
a) 1+ cos2 x dx , b) c) dx
0 0

Approximate these integrals by Trapezoidal and Simpson 1/3 rules. Divide the intervals into ten
equal parts.
Ans. a) 3.820197, 3.820188
 b) 0.659218, 0.659330
 c) 0.881839, 0.882075
5. The arc length of the curve y = f(x) in the interval [a, b] is given by following formula
b 2
 dy 
Arc length = ∫ 1+   dx
a
 dx 
Approximate the arc lengths for the following functions. Use composite Trapezoidal and
composite Simpson 1/3 rules with nine nodes.
a) y = cos( x ) 0≤ x ≤π /2 (Ans. 1.910099, 1.910099)
b) y = e x
0 ≤ x ≤1 (Ans. 2.005898, 2.003499)
c) y = x 2 0≤ x ≤2 (Ans. 4.656889, 4.646834)
6. The surface area of the solid of revolution obtained by rotating the curve y = f ( x ), a ≤ x ≤ b
about the x-axis is given by
b 2
 dy 
S = ∫ 2π y 1+   dx
a
 dx 
Approximate the surface area of solid of revolution using composite Simpson 1/3 rule with 11
nodes for the following curves
a) y = cos( x ) 0≤ x ≤π /2 (Ans. 7.211876)
b) y = e x
0 ≤ x ≤1 (Ans. 22.943201)
c) y = x 2
0≤ x ≤2 (Ans. 53.226620)
572 Numerical Methods

7. The volume of the solid of revolution obtained by rotating the curve y = f ( x ), a ≤ x ≤ b about the
x-axis is given by
b

V = ∫ π y 2 dx
a

Approximate the volume of solid of revolution obtained by rotating the following curves about
the x-axis. Use Simpson 1/3 rule with 11 nodes.
a) y = cos( x ) 0≤ x ≤π /2 (Ans. 2.467401)
b) y = e x
0 ≤ x ≤1 (Ans. 10.035995)
c) y = x 2 0≤ x ≤2 (Ans. 20.107536)
8. We recorded the car velocity at regular intervals of 10 seconds during its travel of 2 minutes. The
velocities (converted in metre/second) are given in following table
Time 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Velocities 0 2 4 5 7 5 6 4 3 4 3 2 0
Compute the total distance traveled by the car. Use Simpson 1/3 rule.
Ans. 446.67 metre
9. A solid of revolution is formed by rotating about the x-axis, the lines x = 0 and x= 1 and curve
through the points with the following coordinates
x: 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
y: 0 0.247404 0.479426 0.681639 0.841471
Estimate the volume of the solid formed using composite Simpson rule.
Ans. 0.856380
 π
10. Estimate the average value of the function f ( x ) = sin( x ) on the interval 0 ,  by using
 2
π
Trapezoidal and Simpson 1/3 rules with step size h = .
12
Ans. 0.632980, 0.636636
π
2
11. Find an upper bound of the error in estimation of the integral ∫ sin( x )dx with Trapezoidal and
0
Simpson 1/3 rules for number of subintervals n = 6.
Ans. 0.00897172, 0.0000409941
2

12. Compute the errors in approximate values of the integral ∫ e − x dx by Trapezoidal, Simpson 1/3
1
and Simpson 3/8 formulas with 11 nodes.
1 1 1
Ans. , ,
1200 e 1800000 e 800000 e
1
dx
13. Estimate the integral, I = ∫ , using Trapezoidal and Simpson 1/3 formulas with eight equal
0
1+x
subintervals and compare the result with exact value. Compute the upper bounds of the errors
in both the formulas.
Ans. ICT = 0.694122, ICS1/3 = 0.693155, EICT = 0.00260417, EICS1/3 = 0.0000325521
Numerical Integration 573

π
2
14. Compute the value of integral, ∫ sin2 ( x )dx with the aid of Trapezoidal formula by dividing the
0

interval into ten equal parts and find the error bound in the value of the integral.
Ans. 0.785577, 0.00645964
1

15. Find the minimum number of intervals required to evaluate the integral, ∫ sin( x ) dx correct to 4
0
decimal places by i) Trapezoidal rule and ii) Simpson 1/3 rule.
Ans. 41, 4
1

Find the minimum number of intervals required to evaluate the integral, ∫ e − x dx correct to 4
4
16.
0
decimal places by i) Trapezoidal rule ii) Simpson 1/3 rule.
Ans. 77, 11; use max f ′′(ξ ) < 3.5 and max f iv (ξ ) < 95
0≤ x ≤1 0≤ x ≤1

17. Evaluate the following integrals by using Gauss–Legendre 2-points and 3-points formulas.
π
2 2

∫(x − ln x ) dx ∫ 1+ sin2 x dx
2
a) c)
1 0

1 1
ex
∫x e ∫ 1+ sin( x ) dx
2 − x2
b) dx d)
0 0

Ans. a) 1.946738, 1.947033; c) 1.906879, 1.910344

  b) 0.188321, 0.189539; d) 1.154197, 1.154765
1
x − sin2 ( x )
18. Solve the integral ∫ dx numerically with Gauss–Chebyshev 2 and 3-points formula.
−1 1− x 2
Ans. –1.506160, –1.427621
4
e x − cos( x )
19. Approximate the integral ∫2 x 2 dx with the help of Gauss–Chebyshev 2 and 3-points
formula.
Ans. 5.592587, 5.184131; Hint: change the limit by using transformation x = t + 3 and then use
e t +3 − cos(t + 3)
function f (t ) = 1− t 2
(t + 3)2
∞
(ln( x ) + x 2 )sin( x )
20. Compute the integral ∫ dx with Gauss–Laguerre 2-points formula. (–0.598504)
0
ex
21. Use Gauss–Laguerre 3-points formula to compute the numerical approximation for the integral
∞
x −3
∫x
0
3
+ cos( x )
dx .

Ans. –2.919626
574 Numerical Methods

22. Apply Gauss–Hermite 2 and 3-points formula to obtain the approximate values of the following
integral
∞

∫ (x )
2
a) 2
+ sin( x ) e − x dx Ans. 0.886228, 0.886220
−∞
∞

∫ (3 x )
2
b) 2
+ e x e − x dx Ans. 4.893024, 4.932461
−∞
∞
cos( x )
c) ∫ 4x
−∞
2
−3
dx Ans. –1.347500, –0.327079

∞
1
23. Compute the value of the integral ∫ 1+ x
−∞
2
dx with the help of Gauss–Hermite 3-points formula.

Ans. 2.240777
1
dx
24. Calculate the value of loge 2 from the integral ∫ by using Euler–Maclaurin formula.
0
1+ x
Ans. 0.693147
3
dx
25. Find the value of the integral ∫ by using Euler–Maclaurin formula.
2
1+ 2 x 2
Ans. 0.0766218
26. Use Euler–Maclaurin formula to prove that
 π   2π 
sin(0 ) + sin  + sin  + ⋅⋅⋅ + sin(2π ) = 0.
 100   100 
27. Prove the following results with the help of Euler–Maclaurin formula
n
n(n + 1) n
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
a) ∑x =
x =1 2
b) ∑x
x =1
2
=
6
100
1
28. Use Euler–Maclaurin formula to compute the value of the series ∑ x . Use derivative terms up
x=1
to order 5.
Ans. 5.189130
1.75

∫e
− x2
29. Compute the value of integration I = dx with the help of Romberg integration. Use only
1

three initial values of integral with the Trapezoidal rule.

Ans.
0.155494
0.134363 0.127320
0.129271 0.127574 0.127591
1
1
30. Compute the value of integration I = ∫ dx with help of Romberg integration. Use only 4
0
1+ x2
initial values of integral with Trapezoidal rule.
Ans.
0.750000
0.775000 0.783333
0.782794 0.785392 0.785529
0.784747 0.7
785398 0.785399 0.785396
Numerical Integration 575

1 1

31. Find the approximate value of the double integral ∫ ∫ sin( x + y )dx dy with the help of Trapezoidal
0 0

and Simpson 1/3 methods by taking h = 0.5 and k = 0.25.

Ans. 0.753510, 0.773938
2 2
1
32. Calculate the approximation to the double integral ∫ ∫ (1+ x
1 1
2
)
+ y2
dx dy with the help of

Trapezoidal and Simpson 1/3 methods by taking h = 0.25 and k = 0.25.

Ans. 0.185930, 0.185470
1 0.5
x+y
33. Apply Trapezoidal rule to compute the integral ∫ ∫ cos( x + y ) dx dy
0 0
by taking two equal

subintervals for x and four equal subintervals for y.

Ans. 0.988098