i 94 ERM Ausuia Reported speech Special introductory Verbs + agree/demand/offer/promisesrefusey threaten/claim + to infinitive + advise/allow/ask/begicommand/encourage forbid/instrucvinviteforder/permitlremind/ urge/Awarn/want + sb + to infinitive * accuse sb offapologise for/admit (toY boast about/complain (to sb) about/deny/insist on/suggest + -ing form + agree/boast/daimn/complain/deny/exclaim/expl inform sb/promise/remark/suggest + clause (ALSO explain to sb + how) * wonder where/what/how/whether + to infinitive or cause * wonder why + clause 1 Complete the sentences using the word in bold. Use two to five words. 1. “Iwon the Best Actress award at the film festival,” she said BOASTED She ... the Best Actress Award 2t the film festival. 2 "You're right, it's the best performance we've ever attended,” he sai. AGREED = He Scocca cee performance they'd ever attended. 3. "How about going to the theatre on Saturday?” he asked us. SUGGESTED HE ssnnnnnnne st: to the theatre on Saturday. 4 "Don't forget to book two tickets for the opera,” she said to him. REMINDED She. ee two tickets for the opera. 5. “I'm sorry didn’t turn up for the exhibition,” she said. APOLOGISED She for the exhibition, 6 “They dance very gracefully!” Kate said. REMARKED Kate .. very gracefully. 7 "Can | afford such an expensive painting?” she asked hersel. WONDERED She en such an expensive painting 8 “Rehearse your lines before appearing on stage,"* the director said to the actor. ORDERED The director hislines before appearing on stage * Lexicogrammatical word transformations 2. Complete the sentences using the word in bold. Use two to five words. fou mustn't enter the concert hall without tickets,” he said to us. FORBADE HE iccnmnmnnenee ‘the concert hall without tickets, 2 “Idon’t like this film,” COMPLAINED He he said. “king the film 3. “Do ty and practise the guitar a bit more,” the music teacher said to him, URGED The music teacher : - the guitar a bit more 4 “OK, why don't | wait outside the cinema?” she said. SUGGESTED She .. outside the cinema, S. “No, | can’t watch a horror film,” he said. REFUSED He horror film, 6 “Don't worry. Il meet you 15 minutes before the show starts,” he said to me, PROMISED He me 15 minutes before the show started 7. “Ididn't steal the painting," he said to the police officer. DENIED He. ’ the painting 8 “Do not touch the exhibits,” the security guard said tous. ORDERED — The security guard .. hands off the exhibits. 9 “Don't be late for your audition,” my agent said to me. WARNED —-Myagent late for my audition. 10. “You shouldn't leave your belongings unattended,” he said. ADVISED He our belongings unattended. 11. “First you put the CD in the player and then you press the play button,” he said to her. EXPLAINED He to use the CD player, 12-="You destroyed iy dance costume, Brian she std. ACCUSED She 3 her dance costume. 13. “Please, please, give me your autograph,” the gitl said to the singer. BEGGED The girl her his autograph.Gena) EJ Multiple choice ‘1 What is art to you? Tell the class. 2. Read the first sentence in each paragraph. What is the text about? Read through to find out. WHAT Art s “Art for art's sake,’ is a translation of a French quotation which expresses a philosophy about what art should be. What is meant by the phrase is that art, any piece of art, regardless of whether it be a novel, a play, a poem or 2 sculpture should be ‘complete in its’. in other words, 2 true piece of art should be able to stand alone, to do nothing more than to please the eye. While these famous words are often repeated, Bryant Holsenbeck, an artist from North Carolina, USA, takes the idea behind the quote a step further: while she does create art of great beauty, she also creates art that caries a valuable message. Holsenbeck is somewhat difficult to define as an artist. She considers herself primarily as an environmentalist artist, but ‘she is also a cultural artist. Through her work, she aims to show how wasteful people have become in today's society She has been involved in many art projects widely diverse in both theme and scope. She may create a single object, a crow for example, on one occasion, or 2 huge installation that represents the wildlife of the world on another Whatever her subject, all of Holsenbeck’s art has one thing in common; itis al constructed using cast off materials ranging from bottle caps, to credit cards to chop sticks. All of her art is constructed from ‘stuff* that people simply toss away because they had thought it was rubbish. Holsenbeck's main philosophy is that nothing is really and truly ‘just trash’. She believes that the fact that American landfil sites are so full of recyclable items says a lot about ‘American culture. She has said that, “Americans create more garbage, per capita, then any other culture, yet we ate blind to our waste.’ Holsenbeck has made it her caling 0 ‘make the blind see’ and she does this through her art. By working within communities, she feels that she can open the eyes of people, both young and old, to the idea that you can take ugly worthless garbage and tum it into something beautiul..something meaningful. She can also show them that the throw-away culture in which we live” needs to change and if it doesn’t, the world will soon find itself in very dire streets indeed. Holsenbeck feels that when a person gets involved in her communal art projects, they become more aware of the fact that what they throw away has an impact on the environment. With Holsenbeck's designs, this impact is a positive one because from the ‘garbage come works of great beauty ‘One of Holsenbeck's recent projects was a vast labyrinth created from old unwanted shoes. The labyrinth was a group effort and Holsenbeck had the children of the community where it was constructed write their concerns about the planet, and life in general, onthe individual shoes. (Once the labyrinth was completed, an open invitation was extended to community members of all ages to walk through the labyrinth, read the messages, and learn what it is that worries today's modern child. Holsenbeck has come a long way from her early days as a simple basket maker. Her work has been recognised across the US and she has received two grants from the North Carolina Arts Councl Fellowship, a Project Grant and an NEA Arts and Learning Grant which have enabled to her to continue doing her work, She has had her art displayed in exhibits around the country and she has taught art classes from the east coast to the west. Wherever she goes, and whatever she does, her message remains the same, ‘My installations are both meditations and questions. Where does allthis ‘stff* come from? Where does it go? What do ‘we do with it? Why is it here?" Let's hope people start gRtting Holstenbeck’s messageRead the text and decide which answer A, B, C or Dis correct. ‘What is the purpose of the quote in the first line of the text? A. to explain how the French feel about art B to suggest that modem art needs improvement, C_ to introduce the main topic of the text D to describe the writer's attitude towards art ‘What do we learn about Holsenbeck in the first paragraph? A She studied art in France. B Sheis very attractive. C She writes poetry. D She is an American. According to the writer, the artist Holsenbeck A. uses the sarme material in all her creations. B always uses nature as her subject. creates only one kind of art D utilises things that are unwanted by others. ‘What does the writer suggest about Holsenbeck’s attitude towards Americans in the third paragraph? ‘A She thinks they need to be made aware of something, B She feels that they cannot be helped. She believes they know they are doing something bad. D She considers herself better than most of them. ‘What is meant by the writer's use of the expression ‘dire straits’ in the fourth paragraph? A an unchangeable state B a terrible situation C emotional distress D aconfusing dilemma What does ‘one’ refer to in paragraph 5? A design C impact B fact D person ‘According to the writer, Holsenbeck's labyrinth A. was made with cast-off footwear. B_ was only visited by the young, worried some members of the community. D was built by a group of elderly people. In regards to Holsenbeck, the writer believes that ‘A. she has much to learn about art. B she should be more famous than she is. she makes some very important queries. D she should make her message clearer.3 Read the text. For questions (1-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, Cor D), THE HISTORY OF HARRODS In 1849, Charles Henry Harrod opened the Knightsbridge store in London, Beginning in a small room, it sold tea ‘and groceries. The business '__ steady, and by 1880 it was a successtul department store, offering everything 2___ medicines and perfumes to clothing and food. The store attracted wealthy customers who were looking for exclusive goods under an) *___roof. The building was completely destroyed in a fire in 1883. However, ttle did anyone reaize what would “it! The new architect designed store was ike a palace, with Art Nouveau windows and Baroque domes. Harrods became a public company in 1889, and during the 1890s it had established new * , including one that sold exotic pets. During World War Il, the store was transformed into a factory, which made uniforms and parachutes. in 1985, it retumed to ® ownership when Mohamed Al Fayed and his brother Ali bought Harrods for £615 milion and? over its management, ‘The management team introduced a dress code in 1989, which banned swimwear and many *__ items ‘of beachwear considered too revealing. However, these days Harrods is famous for its first-class °__ and ‘high-quality products. From modest "°___ as a greengrocer’s, Harrods now covers over 90,000 square metres, and sells goods across seven floors. Itis the largest store in Europe and has its own postcode! 1 Astretched — Bwidened Cextended D expanded 2 Aftom Bast Cthrough ~Dwith 3 Aonly Bsingle Cone Dsolo 4 Aretake Bremove Creplace Drebuild 5 Adepartments Bunits Csections Dareas 6 Aindividual Bspecial personal D private 7 Achanged Bmade Ctook — D brought 8 Aother Bof Csuch same 9 Alabour Bservice Ceffort activity 0 Aways Bstarters Cccreations D beginningsHealthy eating | - 4. Choose the correct word to complete the questions. 2. Complete the text with the adjectives from the box. 1 Do you usually check the information about the carbonated fresh lean low oily semi-skimmed starchy sugary unsaturated wholegrain SIX WAYS TO DE ee 1 '_____ foods like bread, pasta and rice should make up half your diet. They are your body’s main source of energy and fibre. Choose instead of white rice. 2 Eat five portions of frozen or? __ fruit and vegetables every day. They're packed with vitamins and minerals and are*__in calories. 3 Have* foods and drinks like jam, sweets and cola in moderation. They're high in calories and can make your teeth rot. Not a pretty sight. 4 Drink still mineral water. *__ water is higher in sodium than still water, and too much sodium is bad for your heart, 5 Eat? _____ meat, fish, poultry and eggs as they are good sources of protein, which help your body rebuild itself. 6 Limit your intake of fatty foods. Choose *_____fat, which is healthier and can be found in vegetable oil, * — fish, such as mackerel and salmon, and margarine. Swap whole milk for alternatives. 3 Read the text in exercise 2 again. Evaluate your ‘own diet. Give yourself a point if you follow the advice in each paragraph (1-6). What's your healthy diet score? My healthy diet score: _ nutritional/culinary content of the foods you buy? 2. Doyou make an effort to avoid foods with too many preservatives/conservatives? 3. Does your family usually eat ready/fast meals at home or cook using fresh materials/ingredients? 4 Doyou have a sweet mouth/tooth? What kind of desserts do you lke? 5 Have you tried giving up/cutting down on the amount of sugary snacks you eat? 6 Doyou know anyone who has tried having/going ona diet to lose weight? Did they succeed? Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 4. Work in pairs. Consider your healthy diet score in exercise 3 and your answers in exercise 5. Whose diet is healthier? What do you need to do to improve your eating habits? Symptoms and illnesses 7 Match the adjectives from the box with the words and phrases (1-8) to make symptoms of common illnesses. abdominal high high/low itchy splitting sudden swollen upset 1 —___fever 5 _____ blood pressure 2 ——tonsils rash 3 weight loss 7 stomach 4_ headache pain Complete the sentences (1-8) with the phrases from exercise 7. 1 Hannahis might be a sign of an eating disorder. She's just a shadow of her former self 2_ Please be quiet! | cannot bear any noise today. ThaveaWe People: character and behaviour A] Your month of birth and your character January You are good ‘company’ but you may have a selfish streak”, February You have an ‘outgoing personality and a good sense of humour. March You have a vivid imagination, but you tend to lose your temper too easily. April You are highly intelligent with a razor-sharp mind. + people enjoy being with you ? you sometimes act in a selfish way > stronger than extremely * quick decisions 5 do what you say you will do, keep your promises ore) play a joke/trick May You set high standards for yourself and are fiercely’ loyal to your friends. June The best aspect of your personality isthe way you always put others frst. July Although you can be Painfully shy in social situations, at work you give the impression of being supremely confident. August You have a tendency to make snap decisions‘. September You havea strong sense of responsibility and always keep your word?. October You are good at keeping secrets and never bear a grudge’, November You findithard to keep your temper’ if you think someone is making a fool out of you", December You can be brutally honest? and sometimes hurt others’ feelings. resent for a long time bad things others have done to you T not get angry 5 trying to deceive or trick you honest in a way that may hurt Behaviour: verb + noun collocations CoG The children played a joke on the teacher by hiding under their desks before she came into the room. Cras NOT make a joke/trick take a joke Fortunately, the teacher could take a joke and didn't punish them = didn’t mind a joke being played on her swallow your pride Isabella swallowed her pride and admitted that she was wrong. = she did it even though it was embarrassing for her throw a tantrum The child threw a tantrum when | wouldn’t buy him any sweets. = behaved in a very uncontrolled manner lose your patience Finally | lost my patience and shouted at her. = lost my temper, became angry come to terms with reveal your true character Nick has found it hard to come to terms with his illness. Daniel’ failure to support her has certainly revealed his true character. = accept something psychologically opposite = conceal/hide your true character Associating these collocations with people you know may help you to learn them,xercises 17.1 Which of the collocations in A describe negatives aspects of character? 17.2 Add the missing words in these letters to a magazine where readers are discussing their and others’ characters. You are sometimes given the first letter. * rhnow that atendency to 4 Should 1 talk about personal matters to my a grudge, but I just can’t closest colleague at work? She is not very forget something bad a friend did to me good at secrets and she recently. She has a selfish s has a very v imagination. and doesn’t care sometimes how much She always promises not to tell other people, she my feelings. I am finding but I'm not sure she it increasingly hard to k. my always her word. temper with her. But perhaps it might be better Jan H. tol my temper and let her know how I really feel? 5 Silvia M. My boyfriend has a really friendly, ° personality and a great 2 __... of humour. He's - Thave always tried to intelligent and has a -sharp others first and not to think of myself. mind. The perfect man. We've been together now Tbelieve you should not lose your for a year, and I like him a lot, but don't love him n with your friends, but if any more. Should I be b _.... honest someone seems to enjoy a with him and tell him? fool out of you in front of other people, do Lydia T. those rules of friendship still apply? G Stefan P. I think a friend is destroying himself with drugs. I 3 feela of responsibility towards T'm a little shy with new people, though not him, He has always been fo... loyal to 5 shy, but sometimes I me in good and bad times, which is a wonderful ae the impression a of his personality. I feel I ought that 'm unfriendly. How ean T convince to contact the police or social services, but I don't people that I'm good c and want to make as decision which worth getting to know? Til regret later. pars Gary J. 17.3 Complete B’s remarks in these conversations so that they mean more or less the same as A’s, using collocation from the opposite page. 1 A: Charlie's found it hard to accept psychologically the fact that he’s now divorced. B: Yes, he’s found it hard..... with his new situation 2A: Parker’s problem is he can’t laugh when people play jokes on him. B: No, it's true, He just can’t , can he? 3 A: Well, Sara's behaviour last night certainly showed the truth about her. B: Yes, it certainly 4 A: She always has very high expectations of both herself and her children. B: Yes, she always 5 A: Max started screaming and stamping his feet when | tried to put him to bed. B: Well, two-year-olds often 17.4 Look in your dictionary. Can you find any other collocations ... 1... where word has the meaning of promise? where temper relates to behaviour? where sense of ... relates to an aspect of character?idiom oot answer | havea lot to answer for Parents who don’t control _| are the main cause of the their children havea lotto | problems answer for. crack something is not all it’s That restaurant is not allit's | is not as good as people say cracked up to be cracked up to be. itis edge someone/something has This computer has the edge | is slightly better than the edge over someone/ over other models because something ithas such a huge hard drive. desire | leavea lot to be desired Her spoken English leaves a | is not as good as it should (always in simple tense lot to be desired. be / as we might expect forms) make —_| have all the makings of The recent events have all__| are likely to develop into the makings of a big political scandal, side ‘onthe biglexpensive, etc, | This suitcase is abit onthe _| heavier than you want to be side heavy side. loss adead loss This remote control's adead | completely useless loss. ready | rough and ready The accommodation was a__| crude and lacking bit rough and ready. sophistication BE) «Commenting on people and their actions (aa ci throws the baby outwith the bathwater | change things, ut lose good things as well as bad | gets/jumps/leaps on the bandwagon get involved in something already very successful plays devil's advocate jpreterid to be against an idea so thatlothers discuss It drives someone to distraction make someone very angry or very bored makes an exhibition of themselves do things in public that make them look stupi | does something under false pretences ~_| tell lies about who they are or what they're doing never does anything by halves always make a great effort and do things very well isa laughing, stock are laughed at / mocked by everyone14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 xercises Which idioms on the left-hand page have these keywords? keyword idiom 1 half 2 baby 3 desire 4 bandwagon... 5 laugh id Use the idioms from exercise 14.1 to rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences. 1 The new documentary channel on TV is not as good as it should be. 2. My brother goes to enormous efforts to do everything perfectly; he designed and built his own house, and designed most of the furniture too! 3. He thinks everyone is afraid of him, but in fact everyone laughs at him in secret. 4 Yes, I think we should change the system, but I think we should be careful to keep the good things about the old system. 5 Five years ago, there were not many companies selling on the Internet, but now everyone has. joined in its i. Answer these questions. 1 During the discussion, Kelly played devil's advocate. Did she agree or disagree with everyone else? In what way? 2. The buses that go from the airport to the city are a bit rough and ready. Are they nice to ride in? Does the idiom mean they are usually ready to go when you arrive? 3. Matt was acting under false pretences when he worked as an electrician. What did Matt do which was wrong? 4. Camford University is not all it's cracked up to be. Would you want to study there? Why? / Why not? 5 Your friend has driven you to distraction. Do you say ‘Thanks for the lift’? Are you happy with him/her? Why? / Why not? Complete each of these idioms. Use the clues in brackets. 1 That new motorway project has the... nw Of a disaster for the environment. It will go through the middle of a wildlife area. (is likely to become) 2 Zara areal of _...in class the other day. It was so embarrassing! (behaved in a way that made her look stupid) 3 The Krona Hotel is & bit nnn ere expensive Couldn't we stay somewhere cheaper? (more than | want to pay) 4 This old camera is a —— . The batteries run out after about ten photos. (useless, no good) BU think PAS enn neem THE neem OVEF other European cities as a place for a holiday. (slightly better) 6 The government has got a nn tO for with regard to unemployment. (has caused a lot of problems)