EXAMPLE

While the struggles for LGBT rights and racial equality are distinct, they also share some commonalities in their fights against discrimination and for civil rights.
Rosa Parks' act of resistance on a Montgomery bus in 1955 sparked the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, setting a powerful example for other social
justice movements, including the LGBT rights movement. Her courage and determination to stand up against unjust laws have inspired many activists,
including those advocating for LGBT acceptance. It is essential to recognize that each fight for civil rights, while unique, can learn from the experiences and
tactics of others.

Here are ten examples where the struggles and methods used by Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement find echoes in the fight for LGBT acceptance and
equality:

1. Public Protest: Just as Rosa Parks used her refusal to give up her seat as a form of public protest, many LGBT activists have also engaged in public
demonstrations to demand equality, such as the Pride Parades.

2. Courage in the Face of Adversity: Rosa Parks faced arrest and public scrutiny. Similarly, many LGBT activists face immense societal pressure and
personal risk for standing up for their rights.

3. The Power of One: Rosa Parks showed the world how one person's actions can spark a movement. This is mirrored in the LGBT movement by figures like
Marsha P. Johnson, who played a key role in the Stonewall uprising.

4. Legal Action: Rosa Parks' arrest led to the landmark Browder v. Gayle case, which ruled segregation on public buses unconstitutional. The LGBT
community also uses legal action to fight discrimination, such as in the Obergefell v. Hodges case that legalized same-sex marriage across the U.S.

5. Continued Activism: Rosa Parks continued her work for civil rights long after the bus boycott, a lesson that the struggle for LGBT rights is ongoing, and
doesn't end with one victory.

6. Institutional Change: Rosa Parks' actions eventually led to changes in laws. Similarly, the LGBT movement has also seen changes in institutional policies,
like the repeal of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy in the U.S. military.

7. Education: Rosa Parks later worked at the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development, emphasizing the importance of education in social
change. Many LGBT activists also work in educational initiatives to increase understanding and acceptance.

8. Coalition Building: Rosa Parks was a part of a larger movement and worked with other civil rights activists, just as LGBT rights activists often join forces
with other social justice movements.

9. Celebrating Identity: Rosa Parks stood up for the rights of her racial identity. Similarly, LGBT Pride events emphasize the importance of embracing and
celebrating one's identity.

10. Legacy: Rosa Parks left a legacy that inspires future generations, similar to how figures from the LGBT rights movement leave a lasting impact and serve as
role models for future activists.

11.

Use of Media: Rosa Parks' story was spread widely through media, bringing attention to the Civil Rights Movement. The LGBT community also uses media to
share their stories and experiences, and to raise awareness about LGBT issues.
Nonviolent Resistance: Rosa Parks practiced nonviolent resistance, which became a hallmark of the Civil Rights Movement. Many LGBT activists also practice
nonviolent resistance in their protests and demonstrations.
Role of Allies: Just as white allies played a key role in the Civil Rights Movement, straight and cisgender allies are also important in the fight for LGBT rights.

Public Spaces: Rosa Parks fought for equality in public spaces. Similarly, the LGBT community has fought for equal rights in public spaces, such as the right to
hold Pride parades or for transgender individuals to use the bathroom that aligns with their gender identity.
Intersectionality: Rosa Parks was not just a woman of color, but also a woman, and her activism took both identities into account. The LGBT movement also
recognizes the importance of intersectionality, and how one's experience is shaped by their multiple identities.
Speaking Engagements: Rosa Parks used speaking engagements to spread her message. Many LGBT activists also use public speaking to share their
experiences and advocate for LGBT rights.
Art and Culture: The Civil Rights Movement inspired and was influenced by art and culture, such as music and literature. Similarly, the LGBT community uses
art and culture to express their experiences and advocate for their rights.
Policy Change: Rosa Parks' activism led to policy changes that improved the lives of African Americans. Similarly, LGBT activism has led to policy changes,
such as marriage equality and anti-discrimination laws, that have improved the lives of LGBT individuals.
Mental Health Advocacy: The Civil Rights Movement brought attention to the mental health impact of racism. Similarly, the LGBT community advocates for
better mental health resources, given the higher rates of mental health issues in the LGBT community due to societal stigma and discrimination.
Global Impact: Rosa Parks' actions had a global impact, inspiring civil rights movements around the world. Similarly, the fight for LGBT rights is a global
movement, with LGBT activists around the world fighting for recognition and equality.

Activism

Gender and Race Activists Years Active LGBT Historical Activists Years Active

Rosa Parks 1955-2005 Marsha P. Johnson 1969-1992

Martin Luther King Jr. 1955-1968 Harvey Milk 1973-1978

Angela Davis 1969-Present Sylvia Rivera 1970-2002

Malcolm X 1952-1965 Bayard Rustin 1936-1987

Sojourner Truth 1828-1883 Magnus Hirschfeld 1897-1935

Ida B. Wells 1884-1930 Audre Lorde 1954-1992

Harriet Tubman 1850s-1913 Alan Turing 1936-1954

Frederick Douglass 1838-1895 Barbara Gittings 1958-2007

EXAMPLE 1
 Ella Baker 1938-1986 Larry Kramer 1981-2020

Fannie Lou Hamer 1962-1977 James Baldwin 1947-1987

Yuri Kochiyama 1960-2014 Harry Hay 1948-2002

Cesar Chavez 1952-1993 Del Martin 1955-2008

Shirley Chisholm 1965-1982 Phyllis Lyon 1955-2020

Betty Friedan 1963-2006 Frank Kameny 1961-2011

Gloria Steinem 1960-Present Virginia Prince 1960-2009

Dolores Huerta 1962-Present Christine Jorgensen 1951-1989

Diane Nash 1960-1965 Brenda Howard 1969-2005

Coretta Scott King 1955-2006 Leonard Matlovich 1975-1988

Claudette Colvin 1955-1955 Karl Heinrich Ulrichs 1864-1895

Ruby Bridges 1960-Present Barbara Smith 1974-Present

Connections

Activism, Results, Time Periods, and Locations

Gender and Activism and LGBT Historical Activism and

Time Period Location Effectiveness Time Period Location Effectiveness
Race Activists Results Activists Results

Nonviolent
Stonewall riots,
resistance, Marsha P.
Rosa Parks 1955-2005 USA High transgender 1969-1992 USA High
desegregation Johnson
rights
of buses

Civil rights
movement, Gay rights, first
Martin Luther
nonviolent 1955-1968 USA High Harvey Milk openly gay 1973-1978 USA High
King Jr.
protests, Civil official
Rights Act

Black Panther
Transgender
Angela Davis Party, women's 1969-Present USA Moderate Sylvia Rivera 1970-2002 USA High
rights, STAR
rights

Civil rights and

Black
gay rights,
Malcolm X nationalism, 1952-1965 USA High Bayard Rustin 1936-1987 USA High
March on
human rights
Washington

Scientific-
Abolitionism, Magnus Humanitarian
Sojourner Truth 1828-1883 USA High 1897-1935 Germany Moderate
women's rights Hirschfeld Committee, gay
rights

Lesbian
Anti-lynching,
Ida B. Wells 1884-1930 USA High Audre Lorde feminism, 1954-1992 USA High
women's rights
intersectionality

Decoding
Abolitionism,
Enigma,
Harriet Tubman underground 1850s-1913 USA High Alan Turing 1936-1954 UK High
posthumous
railroad
pardon

Abolitionism, Daughters of
Frederick Barbara
women's 1838-1895 USA High Bilitis, gay 1958-2007 USA High
Douglass Gittings
suffrage rights

Civil Rights ACT UP,

Ella Baker Movement, 1938-1986 USA High Larry Kramer HIV/AIDS 1981-2020 USA High
SNCC activism

Fannie Lou Voting rights, Civil rights, gay

1962-1977 USA High James Baldwin 1947-1987 USA High
Hamer Civil Rights Act rights

Civil rights,
Mattachine
reparations for
Yuri Kochiyama 1960-2014 USA Moderate Harry Hay Society, gay 1948-2002 USA High
Japanese-
rights
Americans

Farm workers'
Daughters of
rights,
Cesar Chavez 1952-1993 USA High Del Martin Bilitis, lesbian 1955-2008 USA High
nonviolent
rights
protests

First black
Daughters of
Shirley woman in
1965-1982 USA High Phyllis Lyon Bilitis, lesbian 1955-2020 USA High
Chisholm Congress,
rights
women's rights

National
Mattachine
Organization of
Betty Friedan 1963-2006 USA High Frank Kameny Society, gay 1961-2011 USA High
Women,
rights
women's rights

Transgender
Women's
rights,
Gloria Steinem rights, Ms. 1960-Present USA High Virginia Prince 1960-2009 USA High
transgender
magazine
publications

EXAMPLE 2
 Transgender
United Farm
Christine rights, visibility
Dolores Huerta Workers, labor 1962-Present USA High 1951-1989 USA High
Jorgensen for transgender
rights
individuals

Civil rights, Bisexual rights,

Diane Nash 1960-1965 USA High Brenda Howard 1969-2005 USA High
Freedom Riders Pride March

Gay rights, first

Coretta Scott Civil rights, gay Leonard openly gay
1955-2006 USA High 1975-1988 USA High
King rights Matlovich service
member

Civil rights, Gay rights, first

Claudette Karl Heinrich
desegregation 1955-1955 USA High self-proclaimed 1864-1895 Germany Moderate
Colvin Ulrichs
of buses homosexual

Civil rights,
Black feminism,
Ruby Bridges desegregation 1960-Present USA High Barbara Smith 1974-Present USA High
gay rights
of schools

EXAMPLE 3