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Scienceinbrief Horse Rider Saddlery Interactions Welfare and Performance - ZH
Scienceinbrief Horse Rider Saddlery Interactions Welfare and Performance - ZH
Scienceinbrief Horse Rider Saddlery Interactions Welfare and Performance - ZH
科学简讯:⻢匹、骑⼿、⻢鞍之间的相互
作⽤:福利和表现
翻译⾃ Science‐in‐brief: Horse, rider, saddlery interactions: Welfare and performance
Hilary Clayton
需要引⽤这篇论⽂吗? 想要更多这样的论⽂吗?
科学简讯:⻢匹、骑⼿、⻢鞍之间的相
互作⽤:福利和表现
Hilary Clayton
Original Paper
摘要
2018 年 12 ⽉ 8 ⽇⾄ 10 ⽇,⻢鞍研究基⾦会举办了第三届国际会议和研讨会。主题是⻢
匹、骑⼿和⻢鞍之间的互动:福利和表现。本⽂总结了会议的演讲和讨论。
会议报告
该会议由世界⻢匹福利组织和 Wow TM Saddles 赞助,由乌得勒⽀⼤学的 Ren e Van
Weeren 教授主持。当天会议以 Centaur Biomechanics 的 Russell McKechnie-Guire 关于骑
⼿不对称的演讲拉开序幕。从前⾯或后⾯看,骑⼿通常表现出位置和/或动作的左右不对称,这
可能是骑⼿的主要缺点,也可能是⻢鞍滑落的次要原因。当⻢鞍移位时,骑⼿的座位会随之转
动,但躯⼲会朝相反⽅向转动。如果⻢鞍向右滚动,左侧下⽅的压⼒会更⾼,这会导致⻢的左
前球节在站⽴期伸展更⼤,这表明肢体负荷更⼤。将⻢鞍置于中央可使压⼒分布更均匀,并改
善⻢和骑⼿的运动对称性 [1]。可以通过让未上⻢的⻢直⽴,颈部向左和向右移动来预测⻢鞍滑
动的⽅向。当⻢向⼀个⽅向弯曲时,⻢鞍会滑动,⽽当向另⼀个⽅向弯曲时,⻢鞍保持笔直。
这表明,⻢与骑⼿⼀起跟随⻢鞍可能导致⻢鞍不对称。
骑⼿显然对⾃⼰的体重分布缺乏认知。当坐在⽔平⾯上时,⼀组骑⼿的平均值表明他们的
左侧坐⻣承受的重量更多。不对称的体重分布会传递给⻢匹:如果⻢镫⻓度不同,⻢匹在⻢镫
⻓度较⻓的⼀侧的前肢和后肢的负荷会增加,⽽胸腰部位的横向运动范围 (ROM) 也会增加。
⻢鞍的鞍架宽度会影响⻢和骑⼿的运动。宽鞍座下,前胸椎区域的压⼒会增加,⽽窄鞍座
下,后胸椎区域的压⼒会增加。骑⼿的⻣盆在宽鞍座上向前倾斜,这会使骑⼿的背部凹陷,⽽
在窄鞍座上向后倾斜,这会使骑⼿的背部拱起。因此,骑在宽鞍座上可能会导致骑⼿的胸椎过
度前凸。
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翻 2
· 与运动学和动⼒学不对称有关的不对称蹄(⾼低综合症)[6] · 对称处理的幼⻢和 2 岁
⻢更容易在右缰绳上离开栏杆并穿过圆圈,⽽不是左缰绳[7] · ⾏⾛时前蹄周围的⽔平扭矩不
对称(左前蹄在内部,右前蹄在外部)[8] · ⾏⾛过程中,在前肢之间转移重量时,肩隆可能
不对称下降,这与肢体伸展和缩回距离的对侧差异以及臀部横向偏差的⽅向⼀致模式有关 [9]。
综合起来,不同研究的结果开始表明,运动侧向模式类似于⻢术⽂献中对典型弯曲模式的
描述,这些模式是在训练过程中解决的,⽬的是“使⻢匹⾛直”。
通过对⽐⾮跛⾏⻢和跛⾏⻢,⼈们开发出了⼀种⾏为图谱,它描述了 24 种⾏为特征,其
中许多⾏为特征必须表现出规定的时间⻓度才能被纳⼊ [10]。在通过诊断性镇痛消除跛⾏之前
和之后骑乘的跛⾏⻢中,⾏为评分的降低证实了疼痛和⾏为之间的因果关系 [11,12]。准确解读
⾏为图谱需要适当的培训;不过,⾏为图谱为⻢主、驯⻢师、兽医、鞍具装配⼯和其他辅助专
业⼈员提供了⼀种潜在有价值的⼯具,即使在没有明显跛⾏的情况下也能识别出可能存在的肌
⾁⻣骼疼痛。⻢匹正在试图交流;我们必须学会理解它们,⽽不是将它们的信号视为“⻢匹的
顽⽪⾏为”。
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翻 3
研讨会报告
会议之后是由 Albion England 赞助的为期两天的研讨会,由 Ren e van Weeren 教授主
持,由 Pat Harris 教授协调,并邀请了来⾃⼯业界和研究领域的代表参加。
⻢鞍制造商协会的职员菲利普·纳⽪尔准将回顾了⻢鞍装配(培训和资格)指导⼩组
(SFSG) 的进展,⽽⽜津郡家族企业 Saddle Doctors 的⻢鞍装配师苏·诺顿讨论了⻢鞍装配⾏
业⾯临的挑战。First Thought Equine 的董事总经理⼤卫·肯普塞尔强调了⻢鞍设计创新的必
要性。骑⼿、教练和零售商对传统的依赖以及不愿接受创新和变⾰,这些都是⻢鞍制造取得真
正进步所需要克服的挑战。作为接受变⾰的条件,客⼾教育⾄关重要。
模拟器是赛⻢中最受欢迎的,尽管也有盛装舞步和障碍赛模型。芬兰拉彭兰塔理⼯⼤学的
Heikki Handroos 教授详细介绍了他在开发新型骑⻢模拟器时⾯临的技术挑战,并讨论了解决
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这些问题的关键技术解决⽅案。很快就能开发出⼀种完全可编程的骑⻢模拟器,在盛装舞步和
障碍赛中提供⾼度逼真的骑⻢体验。
希拉⾥·克莱顿教授谈到了需要哪些科学证据来指导⾏业最佳实践。根据会议上提供的材
料,她回顾了需要哪些信息和适当的结果变量。⼈们显然担⼼骑⼿体重对⻢匹的机械影响,尽
管尚不清楚骑⼿的体重是否具有线性影响,或者是否存在阈值,超过该阈值骑⼿体重的影响就
会显现出来。不同骑⼿形态和技能⽔平的混杂效应也需要研究。
研讨会的每⼀天都包括⼩组讨论,重点强调以下需求:1) 主动向⻢业传达有关鞍具的科学
信息。SRT 的任务是探索这⼀主题;2) 进⾏研究并提供教育计划,强调骑⼿的能⼒和体能如何
影响⻢匹的福利和表现;3) 了解跛⾜、原发性背痛和骑⼿对⻢匹胸腰骶区域的影响;4) 传播有
关当前技术局限性的信息,并⿎励开发改进的技术来测量关键变量,包括压⼒测绘和缰绳张
⼒;5) 为调查制定标准化协议,例如对骑乘⻢匹的跛⾜评估。
结论
在为期 3 天的时间⾥,SRT 会议和研讨会的参与者了解了骑⼿与⻢匹互动的近期和正在进
⾏的研究,确定了未来研究的重点,并建⽴了新的研究合作关系。下⼀届 SRT 会议和研讨会定
于 2021 年 12 ⽉ 11 ⽇⾄ 13 ⽇举⾏。
⻢鞍研究基⾦会是⼀家英国慈善组织,是研究、教育和⾏业之间的纽带。它⽀持⻢匹-⻢
鞍-骑⼿互动的研究。更多信息请访问 www.saddleresearchtrust.com。
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