INDEX

S.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. History

2. Terminologies

3. Laws and Rules of

Basketball

4. Latest Changes in Rules

5. Official Signs

6. Training Equipment

7. Common Injuries

8. Tournament & Venues

9. Indian Basketball Team

10. Arjuna Awardees in

Basketball

11. Bibliography
» History of Basketball
Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James
Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-
year-old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep
athletes indoors during the winters. The game became established fairly
quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in
America and then in other parts of the world. After basketball became
established in American colleges, the professional game followed. The
American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946,
grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by
the end of the century, and basketball
became an integral part of American
culture.
The game of basketball as it is known
today was created by Dr. James Naismith
in December 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts, to condition young
athletes during cold months. Naismith
was a physical education instructor at
YMCA International Training School (now
known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts. Upon the
request of his boss, Naismith was tasked to create an indoor sports
game to help athletes keep in shape in cold weather.[1] It consisted of
peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for the new
game. He divided his class of eighteen into two teams of nine players
each and set about to teach them the basics of his new game. The
objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets
nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every time a point was
scored, the game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and
retrieve the ball. After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were
removed. The first public basketball game was played in Springfield,
Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
» Terminologies in Basketball
 Air ball: a shot that misses everything, including the rim, net, and
backboard.

 Alley-oop: a pass high above the rim that allows a player to catch and
dunk or drop the ball in one motion.

 Dunk: a high-scoring play in which a player jumps and slams the ball
through the basket with their hand.
 Pick and roll: an offensive play in which one player sets a screen (a
"pick") for a teammate, who then "rolls" to the basket for a scoring
opportunity.

 Tip-off: the method used to begin a game, in which the ball is thrown
into the air and two players jump to try to tap it to a teammate.

 Traveling: a violation in which a player takes more than the allowed

number of steps without dribbling the ball.

» Laws or Rules of Basketball

 Naismith's original rules
There were only thirteen rules of "basketball" earlier:
 1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands.
3. A player cannot run with the ball, the player must throw it from
the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man
who catches the ball when running at good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands, the arms or body
must not be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking in any way
the person of an opponent shall be allowed. The first infringement
of this rule by any person shall count as a foul, the second shall
disqualify him until the next goal.
6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3 and 4,
and such as described in rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count a goal for
opponents.
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown from grounds into
the basket and stays there. If the ball rests on the edge and the
opponent moves the basket it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field
and played by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the
umpire shall throw it straight into the field.
10.The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls,
and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been
made.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when
the ball is in play, in-bounds, and to which side it belongs, and
shall keep the time.
12.The time shall be fifteen-minute halves, with five-minute rests
between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the
winner.

 Current Rules & Regulations

1. Basketball is a game in which five players from each team play at

a time on the basketball court.
2. The players aim to score a basket by putting the ball inside the
hoop elevated 10 ft above the ground.
3. The team with the ball in possession is the team on offense, and
the opposition is the team on defense.
4. Once the offensive team has the ball, they have 24 seconds on the
shot clock to shoot it toward the basket. If the offensive team
either fails to shoot the ball or fails to touch the rim or make the
shot, a 24-second shot-clock violation is granted to the offensive
team, resulting in a turnover.
5. If the offensive team fails to bring the ball up the court (beyond
their backcourt) within eight seconds, an 8-second violation is
called, resulting in a turnover.
6. There can be a total of 12 players on the team roster, but only five
can play at a time.
7. The game of basketball consists of four quarters of 12 minutes
each, and if scores are tied at the end of it, there is a five minutes’
extension called “overtime”.
8. The scoring rules are simple. If you shoot from behind the arc, you
will get three points whereas shots from inside the arc earn two
points. Also, each free throw is worth a single point.
9. There are a variety of ways to score 1, 2, 3, or 4 points on a single
possession. For eg., While any shot within the three-point arc is
considered to be worth 2 points, if the shooter is fouled during the
upward motion of the shot, and the shot goes in, then the basket
counts and the player gets a chance at an And-1 by getting one
free throw as well. The shooter is granted 1 free throw (worth 1
point) and if the shooter makes the free throw, a three-point play
is said to be completed. Similarly, if the player is fouled during a
three-point shot and the shot goes in, he gets a chance at a four-
point play.
10.Each team has a fixed number of team fouls, and each player has
a fixed number of personal fouls. Exceeding the team foul limit (5
per quarter in the NBA) results in bonus free throws for the
opposing team while exceeding the personal foul limit (6 per
game in the NBA) results in the ejection of the said player.
 11. A player playing on the court can be substituted from the players
on the bench by the coach. A coach can make an unlimited
number of substitutions throughout the game.

 Latest changes in Rules

The main changes of the new FIBA Official Basketball Rules include:

1. Head Coach Challenge – an opportunity for a head coach to ask for the
Instant Replay (IRS) review.
2. Last 2 minutes Throw-in Foul penalty - it will no longer be an
automatic Unsportsmanlike Foul during the last 2 minutes of the 4th
quarter and each overtime.
3. LED glass flooring (Basketball Equipment) – Level 1 FIBA competitions
are now permitted to have a LED glass floor. This allows the display of
game lines as well as a wider range of commercial and fan engagement.
» Official Signs & Signals

1. Start Clock: The official raises his right hand and drops it to his
side to signal the clock should be started.
2. Stop Clock: When a referee lifts his right hand directly up and
blows the whistle, the timekeeper should stop the clock.
3. Jump Ball: The referee will place both hands directly in front of
himself at chest level with both thumbs pointing upward. Then,
the referee will raise both hands together and blow his whistle to
signal that the clock should be stopped for a jump ball.
4. Beckoning: The referee will raise his hand at a 45o angle and
motion the substitute player onto the court.
5. Point Scored: A referee will indicate that points are scored by
using his fingers to indicate the number of points scored.
6. 24 Second Reset: The referee will swing his right arm by
extending it vertically above to signal a 24 second violation and
eventual turnover.
7. Travelling: The referee will bend his elbows toward the chest with
the fists closed and move them in a circular motion.
8. Technical Foul: A referee will signal a technical foul by forming a
“T” with his hands, placing the left hand vertically and the right
hand horizontally overtop.
» Training Equipments