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Sb62-Ig146 Substation Structures. Calculation Report
Sb62-Ig146 Substation Structures. Calculation Report
CALCULATION REPORT
PROJECT CHAU THON
Project: Rev:
Project Chau Thon 0
MEMORY
Index
1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 3
7 COMBINATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 19
8 MATERIALS .............................................................................................................................................. 24
1 INTRODUCTION
The electrical substation of Chau Thong, that shall be built in the province of Chau Thong, it’s a step-up
substation 100/10.5 kV with transformer power capacity 40/45 MVA.
The objective of this document is to develop the calculation of the steel structure that will sustain the
equipment of the Chau Thon substation.
The substation is located in the region of Chau Thon in the Northern part of Vietnam. It is a step-up
substation from 10,5/110 kV with transformer power capacity 40/45 MVA (ONAN/ONAF) and its
purpose is the interconnection of the hydroelectric plant of 40 MW with the substation of Song Quang.
The step-up substation will rise the voltage level from 10,5 kV up to 110 kV by means of one power
transformer. The power ratings of the transformer are 40/45 MVA.
TCXDVN 170-2007. Steel Structure -- Specification for fabrication, erection and inspection.
11-TCN –01-1984 (11-TCN-19-2006) Codes for electrical equipment installation
ISO 630:1995. Structural steels -- Plates, wide flats, bars, sections and profiles. Steel quality.
ISO 630-2:2000 Structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery requirements for hot-finished
hollow sections.
JIS G3101 ASTM A36, ASTM A572 GR.60 or equivalent: Rolled steel for general structure.
Decree No. 106/2005/ND-CP Vietnamese Government Decree on Super High Voltage Overhead
Line Protection.
Bolts, nuts and washers according to TCVN 1876-76, TCVN 1889-76, TCVN 1896-76, TCVN 1897-
76, TCVN 2248-77, TCVN 1917-76, TCVN 1916-1995, TCVN 2061-77, TCVN 134-77, TCVN 130-
77, TCVN 128-63 or equivalent
TCVN 1876-76 a TCVN 1915-76 Bolts and Nuts.
TCVN 130-77 y TCVN 2061-77 Washers
18TCN 04-92 Galvanized
4 CALCULATION SOFTWARE
The analysis of the steel structures has been carried out with the calculation software CYPE version
2019. CYPE ESTRUCTURAS is a program that performs the calculation, sizing and testing of concrete
structures, rolled steel, reinforced steel, mixed steel, aluminium and wood, as well as the foundations
of these. Subject to gravitational actions, wind and earthquake.
The steel structures are lattice bases that support the primary equipment and permanent installation
materials of the substations, such as: Instrument transformers, insulators, surge arresters, switches,
blades and support insulators considering that the height of the structures and their foundation bases
guarantees the minimum safety distances indicated in the "IEC 600071-1-2".
In this case, the structure responsible for supporting the substation cables will be analysed. The
structure proposed to support these elements is a set of towers of 15 meters high formed by lattice
structures with L profiles joined by horizontal lattice where the different phases will be connected. The
structure consists of two types of profiles:
L profile 150 x 12, 130 x 12, 120 x 12 and 60 x 6 mm for vertical bars.
L profile 90 x 8, 60 x 6, 50 x 6 and 40 x 6 mm for diagonal bars.
L profile 100 x 8 mm for horizontal bars.
Illustration 4: Structure
It has been considered that all the join of the structure have an internal connection embedded, since
all the join that we find in the structure are in a pillar composed of a metallic profile that does not end
in the join, but is a continuous profile; in which holes will be made to later screw the diagonal bars that
reach it. Those diagonal bars, to be screwed to the aforementioned pillar, will have articulated ends.
Screws with diameters between ½” mm and 1” mm will be used to make the joints between the
different bars.
To anchor the structure of the towers to the foundation, 30 mm thick anchor plates will be used. This
will be attached to the foundation with 1” bolts.
For the calculation of the structure, it has been divided into three independent modules. The different
parts considered are shown below:
6 ACTIONS CONSIDERED
Permanent actions:
Own weight: The CYPE software calculates the own weight of the structure automatically.
Dead loads: Not considered.
Tensions and deflections of the cables: 1000 ACC KCM with a weight of 1.300 kg / m. The
calculation of these loads has been made taking into account that the structure must support
half the weight of the cable of a span between two structures both upstream and downstream
of it.
There are five different spans of cables, so calculations are made of the loads transmitted by
these to the structure for different cases. The results are shown below:
Spans 1
Spans 2
Spans 3
Spans 4
Spans 5
The mechanical effects of wind on the structure are calculated according to “TCVN 2737-1995. Loads-
and-Effects”. Calculation load of wind consists of static and dynamic components, determined by the
formula:
𝑊tt = 𝛾 ∗ 𝛽 ∗ ( 𝑊 + 𝑊p )
With,
The static element’s standard value of wind load (W) at the height is determined as the formula:
𝑊 = 𝑊0 ∗ 𝐾 ∗ 𝐶x
With:
Wo: value of pressure of wind, daN/m2
K: The coefficient for a change of wind pressure basing on the height (Z)
𝐶x : The pneumatic coefficient
- Value of wind pressure (Wo)
“Table 4- Value of wind pressure in the zoning map of wind pressure in Vietnam according to TCVN
2737-1995”
To the zone which is defined to be impacted by storm lightly (appendix D), pressure of wind (Wo) is
reduced 10 daN/m2 for the zone 1-A, 12daN/m2 for the zone II-A and 15 daN/m2 for the zone III-A.
The region of Chau Thon is classified as IIA, with a wind value of 95-12 = 83 daN/m2
- Value of the coefficient (k) which mentions change of pressure of wind based on the height
versus standard point and type of terrain refers
The terrain of A is a desolate one which has no or very few of high obstacles which are not over 1.5
meter (airy beach, river, big lake, field of salt, field without high trees…).
The terrain of B is a quite desolate one which has some scattered high obstacles, which are not over 10
meters (suburb with a few houses, town, village, thin forest or planted-newly forest, thinly planted
area…)
The terrain of C is a thickly-obstacle one, has thick – set obstacles whose height is from 10 meters
onwards (in city, thick forest…)
“Table 5 – the coefficient (k) on the change of wind-pressure versus the height and Terrain according
to TCVN 2737-1995.”
Structure CVT
(Wo) daN/m2 83
k 1.322
c 1.4
W (daN/m2) 137.12
𝑊p = W ∗ 𝜁 ∗ v
With:
W – The standard value of wind load’s static elements at the defined height Z
𝜁 – The live pressure’s coefficient of load of wind at the height Z, check the table 8 TCVN 2737-1995
V – the correlation coefficient between a space and pressure for load of wind, check the table 10 and
11 of TCVN 2737-1995
Structure CVT
W daN/m2 154
𝜁 0.29
v 0.9
Wp (daN/m2) 40.2
The following table shows the final value of the wind force considered:
The Calculation load of wind consists of static and dynamic components, determined by the formula:
𝑊tt = 𝛾 ∗ 𝛽 ∗ ( 𝑊 + 𝑊p )
Structure CVT
W daN/m2 154
Wp (daN/m2) 40.2
𝛾 1.2
β 1.0
A ratio of 0.5 between exposed area and face area is considered, for the most unfavourable
case of face with box. The value of area exposed is the area perpendicular to the force of the
wind
Value of temperature load
The average annual temperature in the area is considered to be 26.5 ºC. The maximum and minimum
temperatures recorded are 30º and 12,4ºC respectively.
Electromagnetic Forces
The mechanical effects due to the short circuit are calculated according to the indications “IEC-60865-
1-2011-Short-Circuit-Calculation-of-Effects”
The electromagnetic forces are induced in the conductors by the currents that circulate through them.
Where such electromagnetic forces interact on parallel conductors, they cause mechanical stresses that
have to be taken into account in substations. For flexible conductors there are different forces that are
generated during a short circuit. Force due to the oscillation of the conductor when the short circuit
occurs, Force when the cable returns to its position and Force due to clamping effect in the conductor
bundle.
Calculation of the most unfavourable value of the force between the main conductors during a short
circuit is obtained from the formula:
µ0 l
Fm3 = 𝑖p
2𝜋 𝑎m
- ip is the peak value of the short-circuit current in the case of a balanced three-phase short
circuit.
- l is the maximum distance between axes of adjacent supports
- 𝑎m is the equivalent distance between main conductors
- µ0 is the Magnetic constant, vacuum permeability: 4𝜋 x 10^(−7) 𝑁*𝐴^(−2)
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS:
Earthquake
The calculation of the action of the earthquake has been made using the calculation software CYPE
STRUCTURES, since the program gives the option to calculate this action indicating some characteristics
related to the terrain, the location and the importance of the structure.
The seismic acceleration calculation in the area is 0.024 (g)
The general earthquake data required for the analysis are calculated according to “TCVN 9386-2012.
Design of Earthquake Works”.
Design spectrum
Coef.Amplification:
Sae ac (T)
Where:
: Damping : 5.00 %
TA: Characteristic period of the spectrum TA : 0.13 s
KC
TA
10
K: Contribution coefficient K : 1.00
C: Soil coefficient C : 1.30
Soil type II
KC
TB
2,5
K: Contribution coefficient K : 1.00
C: Soil coefficient C : 1.30
Soil type II
Represented are the range of periods covered by the modes that have been studied, indicating those
where more than 30% of the mass is displaced:
Loadcase Seismic 1
Modal T A
loadcase (s) (g)
Mode 4 0.744 0.027
Mode 13 0.567 0.036
7 COMBINATIONS
The load combinations will be defined according to the following criteria for the different project
situations:
Codes considered
Rolled and welded steel: ANSI/AISC 360-10 (LRFD)
- Where:
Gk Permanent load
Pk Prestressing action
Qk Variable load
AE Seismic load
G Permanent load partial safety factor
P Partial safety coefficient for prestressing action
Q,1 Main variable load partial safety factor
Q,i Accompanying variable load partial safety factor
AE Seismic load partial safety factor
Combinations
Loadcase names
SW Self weight
Q1 Q1 Live Load Cables
Q2 Q21 Live Load Use
V (+X) V (+X) Wind
V (-X) V (-X) Wind
V (+Y) V (+Y) Wind
V (-Y ) V (-Y ) Wind
SX Earthquake X
SY Earthquake Y
T+ T+ value of temperature load
T- T- value of temperature load
Displacements
8 MATERIALS
9 CALCULATION CHECKS
9.1.1 RESISTANCE
The summary of checks of all the bars of the structure is attached in annex 1.
9.1.2 DEFLECTIONS
The summary of checks of all the bars of the structure is attached in annex 2.
This section includes the justification of the calculations for the profile with larger efforts.
Bar N1/N64
Pr
T 1 T : 0.060
Pc
The critical design axial tensile force Pr occurs at node N64 for the loadcase
combination 0.9·SW+VY+.
Where:
Pr: The required tensile strength using LRFD load combinations Pr : 77.07 kN
Pn Fy A(D2 1) Pn : 1437.24 kN
Where:
A: Gross area of member. A : 34.80 cm²
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress Fy : 413.00 MPa
200 : 37
Where:
: Slenderness parameter
KL
: 37
r
Where:
L: Length of member L : 7531 mm
K: The effective length factor. K: 0.14
rz: Radius of gyration about the Z-axis rz : 2.95 cm
Where:
Iz
rz rz : 2.95 cm
A
Where:
Iz: Moment of inertia about the minor principal axis Iz : 302.10 cm4
A: Total cross-sectional area of member. A : 34.80 cm²
Notes:
*: Maximum allowable slenderness ratio is based on User's Note found in section
E2.
Pr
T 1 T : 0.125
Pc
QFy
Fcr Q 0.658 Fe Fy
Where:
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress of steel member Fy : 413.00 MPa
iv) for angle members, Fe is the lowest value of:
Fe: Elastic critical buckling stress about the principal
axes, taken as the least of: Fe : 1469.11 MPa
E
2 Few : 5697.96 MPa
Fe 2
KL
r
Fez : 1469.11 MPa
Where:
E: Modulus of elasticity of steel E : 200000.00 MPa
K: The effective length factor. Kw : 0.14
Kz : 0.14
L: Length of member L: 7531 mm
r: Governing radius of gyration about the rw : 5.80 cm
principal axes rz : 2.95 cm
I
r
A
Where:
I: Moment of inertia about the Iw : 1171.70 cm4
principal axes Iz : 302.10 cm4
A: Total cross-sectional area of
member. A: 34.80 cm²
Q=QsQa Q: 0.91
Qa 1.0 Qa : 1.00
b F
Qs 1.34 0.76 y Qs : 0.91
t E
Where:
b: Full width of longest angle leg b: 150.00 mm
t: Thickness of angle leg t: 12.00 mm
E: Modulus of elasticity of steel E : 200000.00 MPa
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress of steel member Fy : 413.00 MPa
Mr
ηM 1 M : 0.175
Mc
The critical design flexural bending moment, Mr, occurs at node N1, for the
loadcase combination 1.2·SW+0.5·Q1+0.5·Q2+T-+VY-.
Where:
Mr: The required flexural strength using LRFD load combinations Mr : 5.36 kN·m
Mc: The design flexural strength Mc : 30.70 kN·m
Mc φbMn
The design flexural strength of members subjected to bending
shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states
outlined in Chapter F:
Where:
b: The resistance factor for flexure b : 0.90
Mn: The nominal flexural strength calculated with Article 10,
Section 3, Division b Mn : 34.12 kN·m
Where:
Mr: The required flexural strength Mr+ : 5.36 kN·m
Mr :
- 4.68 kN·m
1. Yielding
Where:
Where:
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress Fy : 413.00 MPa
Sx: Elastic section modulus about the X-axis
2
IxIy Ixy
Sx Sx : 56.85 cm³
Iy y Ixy x
Where:
Ix: Moment of inertia about the X-axis Ix : 736.90 cm4
Iy: Moment of inertia about the Y-axis Iy : 736.90 cm4
Ixy: Product of inertia of the cross section Ixy : 434.80 cm4
x: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending from
the centroid x: 41.20 mm
y: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending from
the centroid y: 108.80 mm
2. Lateral-Torsional Buckling
When the entire length of the beam is braced, Section 2 does not apply
IxIy Ixy2
Sxc Sxc : 56.85 cm³
Iy yc Ixy xc
Where:
Ix: Moment of inertia about the X-axis Ix : 736.90 cm4
Iy: Moment of inertia about the Y-axis Iy : 736.90 cm4
Ixy: Product of inertia of the cross section Ixy : 434.80 cm4
xc: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending in the
compression flange from the centroid xc : 41.20 mm
yc: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending in the
compression flange from the centroid yc : 108.80 mm
b: Outside width of leg in compression b: 150.00 mm
t: Angle leg thickness t: 12.00 mm
E: Modulus of elasticity of steel E : 200000.00 MPa
Mr
ηM 1 M : 0.208
Mc
The critical design flexural bending moment, Mr, occurs at node N1, for the
loadcase combination 1.2·SW+0.5·Q1+0.5·Q2+T++VY-.
Where:
Mr: The required flexural strength using LRFD load combinations Mr : 6.59 kN·m
Mc: The design flexural strength Mc : 31.70 kN·m
Mc φbMn
The design flexural strength of members subjected to bending
shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states
outlined in Chapter F:
Where:
b: The resistance factor for flexure b : 0.90
Mn: The nominal flexural strength calculated with Article 10,
Section 1 Mn : 35.22 kN·m
Where:
Mr: The required flexural strength Mr+ : 6.59 kN·m
Mr- : 5.91 kN·m
1. Yielding
Where:
Where:
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress Fy : 413.00 MPa
Sy: Elastic section modulus about the Y-axis
2
IxIy Ixy
Sy Sy : 56.85 cm³
Ix x Ixy y
Where:
Ix: Moment of inertia about the X-axis Ix : 736.90 cm4
Iy: Moment of inertia about the Y-axis Iy : 736.90 cm4
Ixy: Product of inertia of the cross section Ixy : 434.80 cm4
x: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending from
the centroid x: 108.80 mm
y: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending from
the centroid y: 41.20 mm
2. Lateral-Torsional Buckling
When the entire length of the beam is braced, Section 2 does not apply
IxIy Ixy2
Syc Syc : 208.88 cm³
Ix xc Ixy yc
Where:
Ix: Moment of inertia about the X-axis Ix : 736.90 cm4
Iy: Moment of inertia about the Y-axis Iy : 736.90 cm4
Ixy: Product of inertia of the cross section Ixy : 434.80 cm4
xc: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending in the
compression flange from the centroid xc : 41.20 mm
yc: Distance to the extreme fiber in bending in the
compression flange from the centroid yc : 108.80 mm
b: Outside width of leg in compression b: 150.00 mm
t: Angle leg thickness t: 12.00 mm
E: Modulus of elasticity of steel E : 200000.00 MPa
Vr
ηv 1 V : 0.014
Vc
The critical design shear force Vr occurs at node N64, for the combination of
loadcase 1.2·SW+0.5·Q1+0.5·Q2+T++VY-.
Where:
Vr: The required shear strength using LRFD load combinations Vr : 5.50 kN
Vc: The design shear strength
Vc φV Vn Vc : 401.44 kN
Where:
v: Resistance factor for shear v : 0.90
for single angles, the nominal shear strength shall be calculated as follows
(ANSI/AISC 360-10 (LRFD), Chapter G - G-4).
Where:
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress Fy : 413.00 MPa
A w bt Aw : 18.00 cm²
Where:
b: Width of member b : 150.00 mm
t: Angle leg thickness t : 12.00 mm
Cv 1.0 Cv : 1.00
Vr
ηv 1 V : 0.012
Vc
The critical design shear force Vr occurs at node N1, for the combination of
loadcase 1.2·SW+0.5·Q1+0.5·Q2+T-+VY-.
Where:
Vr: The required shear strength using LRFD load combinations Vr : 4.62 kN
Vc: The design shear strength
Vc φV Vn Vc : 401.44 kN
Where:
v: Resistance factor for shear v : 0.90
Vn: is defined according to the provisions of Chapter G, as follows:
for single angles, the nominal shear strength shall be calculated as follows
(ANSI/AISC 360-10 (LRFD), Chapter G - G-4).
Where:
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress Fy : 413.00 MPa
A w bt Aw : 18.00 cm²
Where:
b: Width of member b : 150.00 mm
t: Angle leg thickness t : 12.00 mm
Cv 1.0 Cv : 1.00
η1 : 0.540
The worst case design forces occur at node N1, for load combination
1.2·SW+0.5·Q1+0.5·Q2+T-+VY-.
Where:
Chapter H3.3 states that members with open sections subjected to torsion
and combined stress shall satisfy the following condition:
Tr
η= 1 : 0.107
Tc
As the code does not provide a general check for non-hollow sections subject
to combined torsion and other forces, it is considered that this element should
additionally comply with the following criteria for the Von Mises stress:
fa fbw f
bz 1 : 0.540
Fa Fbw Fbz
fVw f f
Vz T 1 : 0.111
FVw FVz FT
2 2
f f f f f f
a bw bz Vw Vz T 1 : 0.304
Fa Fbw Fbz FVw FVz FT
Tc T Tn Tc : 3.08 kN·m
Where:
T: Resistance factor for torsion T : 0.90
Tn: Nominal torsional strength, defined as:
Where:
C: Torsional shear constant C: 13.82 cm³
b) The limit state of shear yielding under shear stress
Where:
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress of steel member Fy : 413.00 MPa
Von Mises check (additional check)
fa: Normal stress due to axial force (tension or compression) calculated using
the gross cross-sectional area.
Pr
fa fa : 36.53 MPa
A
Where:
Pr: Required axial strength of the member (using LRFD load
combinations). Pr : 127.13 kN
A: Total cross-sectional area of member. A : 34.80 cm²
fbw: Normal stress due to bending about the w axis.
z
fbw Mrw fbw : 5.56 MPa
Iw
Where:
Mrw: Required flexural strength about the w axis (calculated using
LRFD load combinations). Mrw : -0.67 kN·m
Iw: Moment of inertia about the major principal axis Iw : 1171.70 cm4
z: The z-coordinate of the point of inspection relative to the center
of gravity. z: 97.58 mm
fbz: Normal stress due to bending about the z axis.
w
fbz Mrz fbz : 150.56 MPa
Iz
Where:
Mrz: Required flexural strength about the z axis (calculated using
LRFD load combinations). Mrz : 8.25 kN·m
Iz: Moment of inertia about the minor principal axis Iz : 302.10 cm4
w: The w-coordinate of the point of inspection relative to the center
of gravity. w : -55.15 mm
fVw: Shear stress due to shear in the w direction.
VwQz
fVw fVw : 0.00 MPa
Izb
Where:
VzQw
fVz fVz : 0.00 MPa
Iwb
Where:
Vz: Required shear strength in the z direction (calculated using LRFD
load combinations). Vz : -0.21 kN
Qw: First moment of area taken about the w axis at the point of
inspection. Qw : 0.00 cm³
Iw: Moment of inertia about the major principal axis Iw : 1171.70 cm4
b: Thickness of element at point of inspection. b : 12.00 mm
fT: Shear stress caused by torsion.
b
fT T fT : -23.84 MPa
J r
Where:
Tr: Required torsional strength (calculated using LRFD load
combinations). Tr : 0.33 kN·m
J: Torsional constant J: 16.59 cm4
b: Thickness of element at point of inspection. b: 12.00 mm
Fa: The normal stress capacity of the section for compression.
Where:
c: Safety factor for axial compression. c : 0.90
Fcr: Critical buckling strength (calculated according to Chapter E). Fcr : 337.10 MPa
Fbw, Fbz: The normal stress capacity of the section for bending about the w
and z axis respectively.
Fbw : 371.70 MPa
Fbw Fbz bFy
Fbz : 371.70 MPa
Where:
b: Resistance factor for bending. b : 0.90
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress of steel member Fy : 413.00 MPa
FVw, FVz: The shear stress capacity of the section for shear force in the w and
z directions respectively.
FVw : 214.60 MPa
FVw FVz vFy / 3
FVz : 214.60 MPa
Where:
V: Resistance factor for shear. V : 0.90
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress of steel member Fy : 413.00 MPa
FT: The shear stress capacity of the section for torsion.
Where:
T: Resistance factor for torsion T : 0.90
Fy: Specified minimum yield stress of steel member Fy : 413.00 MPa
10 REACTIONS IN SUPPORTS
10.1 Module 1
STRESS ANALYSIS
Central core of base plate (mm) 63,33
Eccentricity (e ) (mm) 543,65
Stress distribution Triangular
High
Calculation model eccentricit
y
Maximum tension stress anchor line 1 (N/mm2) -85299,31
Maximum tension stress anchor line 2 (N/mm2) 128573,31
480000,00
Crushing of the plate against the bolt OK
420
Based on regulations, the anchor length cannot be smaller than these values 150
705,60
1411,20
Value of normative 1411,2
Anchor length (mm) 1420,00
Anchor length new (mm) 1420,00
T< Ta OK
Q<Qa OK
ANNEX 1: VERIFICATION
SUMMARY OF BARS
PROJECT CHAU THON
Project: Rev:
Project Chau Thon 0
MEMORY
Index
1 MODULE 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 3
1 MODULE 1
ANNEX 2: DEFLECTION
VERIFICATION OF BARS
PROJECT CHAU THON
Project: Rev:
Project Chau Thon 0
Index
1 MODULE 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 3