Chapter 10: Properties of solutions Lecturer: Dr.

Nguyen Minh Kha

CHAPTER 10: PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS

10.1. The process of solute particles being 10.7. In a saturated solution of a salt in water,
surrounded by solvent particles is known as __________.
______. A) the rate of crystallization > the rate of
A) agglomeration dissolution
B) solvation B) the rate of dissolution > the rate of
C) agglutination crystallization
D) dehydration C) seed crystal addition may cause massive
10.2. The dissolution of gases in water is crystallization
virtually always exothermic because D) the rate of crystallization = the rate of
________. dissolution
A) one of the two endothermic steps 10.8. An unsaturated solution is one that
(separation of solute particles) in the solution- __________.
formation process is unnecessary A) has no double bonds
B) the exothermic step in the solution- B) contains the maximum concentration of
formation process is unnecessary solute possible, and is in equilibrium with
C) gases react exothermically with water undissolved solute
D) neither of the two endothermic steps in the C) has a concentration lower than the
solution-formation process is necessary solubility
10.3. Formation of solutions where the process D) contains more dissolved solute than the
is endothermic can be spontaneous provided solubility allows
that ________. 10.9. A solution with a concentration higher
A) they are accompanied by another process than the solubility __________.
that is exothermic A) is not possible
B) they are accompanied by an increase in B) is supercritical
order C) is saturated
C) they are accompanied by an increase in D) is supersaturated
disorder
D) the solvent is a gas and the solute is a solid
10.4. The phrase "like dissolves like" refers to
the fact that __________.
A) gases can only dissolve other gases
B) polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and
nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes
C) solvents can only dissolve solutes of
similar molar mass
D) condensed phases can only dissolve other
condensed phases
10.5. When solutions of strong electrolytes in
water are formed, the ions are surrounded by
water molecules. These interactions are
described as a case of __________.
A) hydration
B) supersaturation Using the above figure for the questions from
C) crystallization 10.10 to 10.12:
D) dehydration 10.10. A sample of KCl (49.0 g) is dissolved in
10.6. A saturated solution __________. 101 g of water at 100 °C, with precautions
A) contains as much solvent as it can hold taken to avoid evaporation of any water. The
B) contains no double bonds solution is cooled to 30.0 °C and no
C) contains dissolved solute in equilibrium precipitate is observed. This solution is ____.
with undissolved solute A) hydrated
D) will rapidly precipitate if a seed crystal is B) placated
added C) saturated
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Chapter 10: Properties of solutions Lecturer: Dr. Nguyen Minh Kha
D) supersaturated C) liquids
10.11. A sample of KCl (15.0 g) is dissolved in D) salts
201 g of water at 70 °C with precautions taken 10.18. Which of the following statements is
to avoid evaporation of any water. The false?
solution is cooled to 30.0 °C and no A) Substances with similar intermolecular
precipitate is observed. This solution is ____. attractive forces tend to be soluble in one
A) hydrated another.
B) miscible B) The weaker the attraction between the
C) saturated solute and solvent molecules, the greater the
D) unsaturated solubility.
10.12. A sample of KCl (49.0 g) is dissolved in C) The solubility of a gas increases in direct
101 g of water at 100 °C with precautions proportion to its partial pressure above the
taken to avoid evaporation of any water. The solution.
solution is cooled to 30.0 °C and a small D) The solubility of gases in water decreases
amount of precipitate is observed. This with increasing temperature.
solution is _____. 10.19. Molality is defined as the __________.
A) placated A) moles solute/moles solvent
B) saturated B) moles solute/Liters solution
C) unsaturated C) moles solute/kg solution
D) supersaturated D) moles solute/kg solvent
10.13. Which one of the following substances 10.20. Of the concentration units below, only
would be the most soluble in CCl4 ? non-polar __________ is temperature dependent.
A) mass %
A) CH3CH 2OH
B) mole fraction
B) H 2O C) molarity
C) NH3 D) molality
10.21. A solution is prepared by dissolving 23.7 g
D) C10 H 22 non-polar
of CaCl2 in 375 g of water. The density of the
10.14. Which of the following substances is more
resulting solution is 1.05 g/mL. The
likely to dissolve in water?
concentration of CaCl2 is ______% by mass.
A) HOCH 2CH 2OH
A) 5.94 B) 6.32
B) CHCl3 C) 0.0632 D) 0.0594
C) CH3 (CH2 )8CH2OH 10.22. The concentration of urea in a solution
D) CCl4 prepared by dissolving 16 g of urea in 39 g of
H 2O is __________% by mass. The molar
10.15. Which of the following substances is more
likely to dissolve in CH 3OH ? mass of urea is 60.0 g/mol.
A) 41 B) 0.29
A) CCl4 C) 29 D) 0.48
B) N 2 10.23. The concentration of nitrate ion in a
solution that contains 0.900 M aluminum
C) CH3CH 2OH
nitrate is __________ M.
D) H 2 A) 0.900 B) 0.450
10.16. Which one of the following is most soluble C) 0.300 D) 2.70
in water? 10.24. The concentration of KBr in a solution
A) CH 3OH prepared by dissolving 2.21 g of KBr in 897 g
of water is __________ molal.
B) CH3CH 2CH 2OH A) 2.46 B) 0.0167
C) CH3CH 2OH C) 0.0207 D) 0.0186
D) CH3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH 10.25. The concentration of a benzene solution
prepared by mixing 12.0 g C6 H 6 with 38.0 g
10.17. Pressure has an appreciable effect on the
solubility of __________ in liquids. CCl4 is __________ molal.
A) gases A) 4.04 B) 0.240
B) solids C) 0.622 D) 0.316
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Chapter 10: Properties of solutions Lecturer: Dr. Nguyen Minh Kha
10.26. A solution is prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of the solution __________.
of NH3 in 250.0 g of water. The density of the A) increases, increases
resulting solution is 0.974 g/mL. The molarity B) increases, decreases
C) decreases, increases
of NH3 in the solution is __________.
D) decreases, decreases
A) 0.00353 B) 0.882 10.35. The freezing point of ethanol (C2 H5OH) is
C) 60.0 D) 3.24
10.27. What is the molarity of sodium chloride in -114.6 °C. The molal freezing point
solution that is 13.0% by mass sodium depression constant for ethanol is 2.00 °C/m.
chloride and that has a density of 1.10 g/mL? What is the freezing point (°C) of a solution
A) 143 B) 2.45 prepared by dissolving 50.0 g of glycerin
C) 2.56 D) 2.23 (C3H8O3 , a nonelectrolyte) in 200.0 g of
10.28. Calculate the molality of a 25.4% (by ethanol?
mass) aqueous solution of phosphoric A) -115 B) -5.42
acid (H3PO4 ) . C) -120.0 D) -114.6
A) 2.59 m B) 3.47 m 10.36. A solution containing 10.0 g of an
C) 4.45 m D) 25.4 m unknown liquid and 90.0 g water has a
10.29. Calculate the mole fraction of phosphoric freezing point of -3.33 °C. Given Kf = 1.86
acid (H3PO4 ) in a 25.4% (by mass) aqueous °C/m for water, the molar mass of the
unknown liquid is __________ g/mol.
solution.
A) 69.0 B) 619
A) 0.0589 B) 0.0626
C) 161 D) 62.1
C) 0.259 D) 1.00
10.37. A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.60 g
10.30. The vapor pressure of pure ethanol at 60
of nicotine (a nonelectrolyte) in water to make
°C is 0.459 atm. Raoult's Law predicts that a
12 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the
solution prepared by dissolving 10.0 mmol
solution is 7.55 atm at 25 °C. The molecular
naphthalene (nonvolatile) in 90.0 mmol
weight of nicotine is ________ g/mol.
ethanol will have a vapor pressure of
A) 28 B) 43
__________ atm.
C) 50 D) 160
A) 0.498 B) 0.413
10.38. The osmotic pressure of a solution formed
C) 0.790 D) 0.367
10.31. The vapor pressure of pure water at 25 °C by dissolving 25.0 mg of aspirin (C9 H8O4 ) in
is 23.8 torr. What is the vapor pressure (torr) 0.250 L of water at 25 °C is _______ atm.
of water above a solution prepared by A) 13.6 B) 1.14  10−3
dissolving 18.0 g of glucose (a nonelectrolyte, C) 0.0136 D) 2.45
MW = 180.0 g/mol) in 95.0 g of water? 10.39. The ratio of the actual value of a
A) 24.3 B) 23.4 colligative property to the value calculated,
C) 0.451 D) 0.443 assuming the substance to be a nonelectrolyte,
10.32. The vapor pressure of pure water at 25 °C is referred to as ________.
is 23.8 torr. Determine the vapor pressure A) Henry's law
(torr) of water at 25 °C above a solution B) vapor pressure lowering
prepared by dissolving 35 g of urea C) the van't Hoff factor
(a nonvolatile, non-electrolyte, MW = 60.0 D) osmotic pressure
g/mol) in 75 g of water. 10.40. The most likely van't Hoff factor for an
A) 2.9 B) 3.3 0.01 m CaI2 solution is _______.
C) 21 D) 27
A) 1.00 B) 3.00
10.33. The magnitudes of Kf and of Kb depend
C) 1.27 D) 2.69
on the identity of the __________. 10.41. Calculate the freezing point (0 °C) of a
A) solvent 0.05500 m aqueous solution of NaNO3 . The
B) solution
C) solvent and on temperature molal freezing-point-depression constant of
D) solute and solvent water is 1.86 °C/m.
10.34. As the concentration of a solute in a A) 0.0286 B) -0.106
solution increases, the freezing point of the C) 0.102 D) -0.205
solution __________ and the vapor pressure 10.42. What is the freezing point (°C) of a
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Chapter 10: Properties of solutions Lecturer: Dr. Nguyen Minh Kha
solution prepared by dissolving 11.3 g of C) 0.25 m sucrose
Ca(NO3 )2 (formula weight = 164 g/mol) in D) 0.10 m NaCl
115 g of water? The molal freezing point 10.49. Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution
depression constant for water is 1.86 °C/m. made by dissolving 109 grams of glucose
A) -3.34 B) -1.11 (molar mass = 180.2 g/mol) in 920.0 ml of
C) 3.34 D) 1.11 water at 25 °C. The vapor pressure of pure
10.43. An aqueous solution of a soluble water at 25 °C is 23.76 mm Hg. Assume the
compound (a nonelectrolyte) is prepared by density of the solution is 1.00 g/ml.
dissolving 33.2 g of the compound in A) 0.278 mm Hg
sufficient water to form 250mL of solution. B) 0.605 mm Hg
The solution has an osmotic pressure of 1.2 C) 22.98 mm Hg
atm at 25 °C. What is the molar mass (g/mL) D) 23.48 mm Hg
of the compound? 10.50. A solution is prepared by adding 30.00 g
of lactose (milk sugar) to 110.0 g of water at
A) 1.0  103 B) 2.7  103 55 °C. The partial pressure of water above the
C) 2.3  102 D) 6.8  102 solution is __________ torr. The vapor
10.44. A solution is prepared by dissolving 2.60 g pressure of pure water at 55 °C is 118.0 torr.
of a strong electrolyte (formula weight = 101 The MW of lactose is 342.3 g/mol.
g/mol) in enough water to make 1.00 L of A) 1.670
solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution B) 94.1
is 1.25 atm at 25.0 °C. What is the van't Hoff C) 169.4
factor (i) for the unknown solute? D) 116.3
A) 0 B) 0.99
C) 1.98 D) 2.98
10.45. George is making spaghetti for dinner. He
places 4.01 kg of water in a pan and brings it
to a boil. Before adding the pasta, he adds 58 g
of table salt (NaCl) to the water and again
brings it to a boil. The temperature of the
salty, boiling water is ___ °C. Assume a
pressure of 1.00 atm and negligible
evaporation of water. Kb for water is 0.52
°C/m
A) 99.87 B) 100.26
C) 100.13 D) 99.74
10.46. A 0.100 m solution of which one of the
following solutes will have the lowest vapor
pressure?
A) KClO4
B) Ca(ClO4 )2
C) Al(ClO4 )3
D) NaCl
10.47. Which of the following liquids will have
the lowest freezing point?
A) pure H 2O
B) aqueous glucose (0.60 m)
C) aqueous FeI3 (0.24 m)
D) aqueous KF (0.50 m)
10.48. Which of the following aqueous solutions
will have the highest boiling point?
A) 0.10 m Na 2SO4
B) 0.20 m glucose
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 Chapter 10: Properties of solutions Lecturer: Dr. Nguyen Minh Kha

Chapter 10: Properties of solutions

Question 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. 10.7. 10.8. 10.9. 10.10.
Answer B A C B A C D C D D
Question 10.11. 10.12. 10.13. 10.14. 10.15. 10.16. 10.17. 10.18. 10.19. 10.20.
Answer D B D A C A A B D C
Question 10.21. 10.22. 10.23. 10.24. 10.25. 10.26. 10.27. 10.28. 10.29. 10.30.
Answer A C D C A D B B A B
Question 10.31. 10.32. 10.33. 10.34. 10.35. 10.36. 10.37. 10.38. 10.39. 10.40.
Answer B C A D C D D C C A
Question 10.41. 10.42. 10.43. 10.44. 10.45. 10.46. 10.47. 10.48. 10.49. 10.50.
Answer D A B C B C D A D D